अस्ति

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

• IPA^(key): [ʌst̪i]
• Phonetic Devanagari: अस्ति

अस्ति • (asti)

1. the day before yesterday
2. last (with days of the week)

   अस्ति सोमबार बेलुकी चाहिँ 'सिस्टम ट्रिप' भएको थियो।

   asti sombār belukī cāhĩ 'sisṭam ṭrip' bhaeko thiyo.

   Last Monday evening there was a system trip.

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hásti (“to be”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti (“to be”), from *h₁es-.

Cognate with Ancient Greek ἐστί (estí), Latin est, Old Persian 𐎠𐎿𐎫𐎡𐎹 (a-s-t-i-y /⁠astiy⁠/), Hittite 𒂊𒌍𒍣 (ēszi), Old Church Slavonic єстъ (estŭ), Gothic 𐌹𐍃𐍄 (ist), English is.

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɐ́s.ti/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɐs̪.t̪i/

अस्ति • (ásti) third-singular present indicative (root अस्, class 2, type P)

1. to be
2. to live
3. to exist, be present
4. to take place, happen
5. to abide, dwell, stay
6. to belong to (+ genitive or dative)
7. to fall to the share of. happen to any one (+ genitive)
8. to be equal to (+ dative)
   • c. 700 BCE, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa 14
   • c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti 11.85:

     तेषां वेदविदो ब्रूयुस्त्रयोऽप्येनः सुनिष्कृतिम् ।
     सा तेषां पावनाय स्यात्पवित्रा विदुषां हि वाक् ॥

     teṣāṃ vedavido brūyustrayoʼpyenaḥ suniṣkṛtim.
     sā teṣāṃ pāvanāya syātpavitrā viduṣāṃ hi vāk.

     By his origin alone a Brahmana is a deity even for the gods
     and (his teaching is) authoritative for men, because the Veda is the foundation for that.

9. to turn out, tend towards any result, prove (with dative)
10. to become
    • c. 700 BCE, Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad
11. to be (i.e. used as copula, but not only with adjective, but also with adverb)

This verb is suppletive; other forms are provided from भवति (bhavati) (from the root भू (bhū)).

• आस्तिक (āstika)
• नास्ति (nāsti)
• स्वस्तिक (svastika)

• Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀢𑀺 (asti)
  • Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀺 (atthi)
  • Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀺 (atthi)
  • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀺 (atthi)
    • Old Marathi: 𑘁𑘝𑘲 (ātī), 𑘁𑘞𑘲 (āthī)
      • Marathi: आथि (āthi) (poetic)
  • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀺 (atthi)
    • Old Hindi: आथना (āthanā)
      • Hindustani: āthnā

        Hindi: आथना

        Urdu: آتَھنا (āthanā)

    • Sindhi:

      Arabic script: اَٿَ (atha)

      Devanagari script: अथ (atha)

• Konkani:
  • Kodiali: असूंचे (asūñce)
  • Goan: आस्चे (āsce)
  • Maharashtrian: आस्चे (āsce) (not to be confused with Marathi असणे (asṇe, “to be”), which comes from Sanskrit आक्षेति (ā́kṣeti, “to be”)
• Dardic:
  • Northeast Pashayi: āsta
  • Northwest Pashayi: āsta
  • Southeast Pashayi: āsta
  • Southwest Pashayi: āsta
• Helu Prakrit:
  • Sinhalese: ඇති (æti)

• Monier Williams (1899) “अस्ति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 122, column 2.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ásti”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press