معروف و مجهول
Persian
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [maʔ.ˈɾuːf ʔu ma.ˈd͡ʒhuːl]
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [mäʔ.ɾúːf ʔʊ mä.ˈd͡ʒhuːl]
- (Kabuli) IPA(key): [mɑː.ɾúːf ʔʊ mä.ˈd͡ʒuːl]
- (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [mɔː.ɾúf ʔu mä.ˈd͡ʒul̥]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [mæʔ.ɹúːf ʔo mæ.ˈd͡ʒhuːl̥]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [mäʔ.ɾúf ʔu mä.ˈd͡ʒhul]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | ma'rūf u majhūl |
| Dari reading? | ma'rūf u majhūl |
| Iranian reading? | ma'ruf o majhul |
| Tajik reading? | maʾruf u majhul |
Noun
معروف و مجهول • (ma'rūf u majhūl)
- a vowel classification system in Classical Persian and Dari Persian in which certain vowel or semi-vowel characters represent two phonemes. The ma'ruf (معروف) phoneme and the majhul (مجهول) phoneme. The distinction between the two phonemes only being possible using diacritics.
Usage notes
- Though the terms معروف (ma'ruf) and مجهول (majhul) are sometimes used to describe vowel quality in Iranian Persian; Iranian Persian does not use the ma'ruf-majhul vowel system and the ma'ruf vowels common in other varieties are rare in Iranian Persian.
Derived terms
- زیر مجهول (zēr-i majhūl, “e”)
- زیر معروف (zēr-i ma'rūf, “i”)
- واو مجهول (wāw-i majhūl, “ō”)
- واو معروف (wāw-i ma'rūf, “w, ū”)
- پیش مجهول (pēš-i majhūl, “o”)
- پیش معروف (pēš-i ma'rūf, “u”)
- یای مجهول (yā-yi majhūl, “ē”)
- یای معروف (yā-yi ma'rūf, “ī, y”)
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