ليف
Arabic
Alternative forms
- لُوف (lūf)
Etymology
From the root ل ف ف (l-f-f) meaning “to fold up or roll up in”, “to wrap or envelop”, “an envelope of a plant, a pericarp or glume”.
Also suspicious of Aramaic substrate however, as Classical Syriac ܠܘܦܐ (lawpā, lūpā) means “parietary” and “arum” or “edder-wort”, deriving well from ܠܴܦ (lāp̄, “to weave together, to conjoin”), and the form لُوف (lūf) is stronger in the dialects with the additional meaning of “arum”, which is mentioned for Syriac already in the 1st-century Dioskurides interpolations 2:167. Compare the Aramaic-borrowed كَافُور (kāfūr, “bract of the inflorescence of the date palm”) and خُوص (ḵūṣ, “frond or leaves of the palm tree”) from similar semantic domain.
Declension
Declension of noun لِيف (līf)
Collective | basic collective triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | لِيف līf |
اللِّيف al-līf |
لِيف līf |
Nominative | لِيفٌ līfun |
اللِّيفُ al-līfu |
لِيفُ līfu |
Accusative | لِيفًا līfan |
اللِّيفَ al-līfa |
لِيفَ līfa |
Genitive | لِيفٍ līfin |
اللِّيفِ al-līfi |
لِيفِ līfi |
Singulative | singulative triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | لِيفَة līfa |
اللِّيفَة al-līfa |
لِيفَة līfat |
Nominative | لِيفَةٌ līfatun |
اللِّيفَةُ al-līfatu |
لِيفَةُ līfatu |
Accusative | لِيفَةً līfatan |
اللِّيفَةَ al-līfata |
لِيفَةَ līfata |
Genitive | لِيفَةٍ līfatin |
اللِّيفَةِ al-līfati |
لِيفَةِ līfati |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | لِيفَتَيْن līfatayn |
اللِّيفَتَيْن al-līfatayn |
لِيفَتَيْ līfatay |
Nominative | لِيفَتَانِ līfatāni |
اللِّيفَتَانِ al-līfatāni |
لِيفَتَا līfatā |
Accusative | لِيفَتَيْنِ līfatayni |
اللِّيفَتَيْنِ al-līfatayni |
لِيفَتَيْ līfatay |
Genitive | لِيفَتَيْنِ līfatayni |
اللِّيفَتَيْنِ al-līfatayni |
لِيفَتَيْ līfatay |
Paucal (3-10) | sound feminine paucal | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | لِيفَات līfāt |
اللِّيفَات al-līfāt |
لِيفَات līfāt |
Nominative | لِيفَاتٌ līfātun |
اللِّيفَاتُ al-līfātu |
لِيفَاتُ līfātu |
Accusative | لِيفَاتٍ līfātin |
اللِّيفَاتِ al-līfāti |
لِيفَاتِ līfāti |
Genitive | لِيفَاتٍ līfātin |
اللِّيفَاتِ al-līfāti |
لِيفَاتِ līfāti |
Plural of variety | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَلْيَاف ʔalyāf |
الْأَلْيَاف al-ʔalyāf |
أَلْيَاف ʔalyāf |
Nominative | أَلْيَافٌ ʔalyāfun |
الْأَلْيَافُ al-ʔalyāfu |
أَلْيَافُ ʔalyāfu |
Accusative | أَلْيَافًا ʔalyāfan |
الْأَلْيَافَ al-ʔalyāfa |
أَلْيَافَ ʔalyāfa |
Genitive | أَلْيَافٍ ʔalyāfin |
الْأَلْيَافِ al-ʔalyāfi |
أَلْيَافِ ʔalyāfi |
Descendants
- → Turkish: lif
Verb
لَيَّفَ • (layyafa) II, non-past يُلَيِّفُ (yulayyifu)
Conjugation
Conjugation of
لَيَّفَ
(form-II sound)verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
تَلْيِيف talyīf | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
مُلَيِّف mulayyif | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مُلَيَّف mulayyaf | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | لَيَّفْتُ layyaftu |
لَيَّفْتَ layyafta |
layyafa |
لَيَّفْتُمَا layyaftumā |
لَيَّفَا layyafā |
لَيَّفْنَا layyafnā |
لَيَّفْتُمْ layyaftum |
لَيَّفُوا layyafū | |||
f | لَيَّفْتِ layyafti |
لَيَّفَتْ layyafat |
لَيَّفَتَا layyafatā |
لَيَّفْتُنَّ layyaftunna |
لَيَّفْنَ layyafna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔulayyifu |
tulayyifu |
يُلَيِّفُ yulayyifu |
تُلَيِّفَانِ tulayyifāni |
يُلَيِّفَانِ yulayyifāni |
نُلَيِّفُ nulayyifu |
تُلَيِّفُونَ tulayyifūna |
يُلَيِّفُونَ yulayyifūna | |||
f | تُلَيِّفِينَ tulayyifīna |
tulayyifu |
تُلَيِّفَانِ tulayyifāni |
تُلَيِّفْنَ tulayyifna |
يُلَيِّفْنَ yulayyifna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔulayyifa |
tulayyifa |
يُلَيِّفَ yulayyifa |
تُلَيِّفَا tulayyifā |
يُلَيِّفَا yulayyifā |
نُلَيِّفَ nulayyifa |
تُلَيِّفُوا tulayyifū |
يُلَيِّفُوا yulayyifū | |||
f | تُلَيِّفِي tulayyifī |
tulayyifa |
تُلَيِّفَا tulayyifā |
تُلَيِّفْنَ tulayyifna |
يُلَيِّفْنَ yulayyifna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔulayyif |
tulayyif |
يُلَيِّفْ yulayyif |
تُلَيِّفَا tulayyifā |
يُلَيِّفَا yulayyifā |
نُلَيِّفْ nulayyif |
تُلَيِّفُوا tulayyifū |
يُلَيِّفُوا yulayyifū | |||
f | تُلَيِّفِي tulayyifī |
tulayyif |
تُلَيِّفَا tulayyifā |
تُلَيِّفْنَ tulayyifna |
يُلَيِّفْنَ yulayyifna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | layyif |
لَيِّفَا layyifā |
لَيِّفُوا layyifū |
||||||||
f | لَيِّفِي layyifī |
لَيِّفْنَ layyifna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | لُيِّفْتُ luyyiftu |
لُيِّفْتَ luyyifta |
luyyifa |
لُيِّفْتُمَا luyyiftumā |
لُيِّفَا luyyifā |
لُيِّفْنَا luyyifnā |
لُيِّفْتُمْ luyyiftum |
لُيِّفُوا luyyifū | |||
f | لُيِّفْتِ luyyifti |
لُيِّفَتْ luyyifat |
لُيِّفَتَا luyyifatā |
لُيِّفْتُنَّ luyyiftunna |
لُيِّفْنَ luyyifna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔulayyafu |
tulayyafu |
يُلَيَّفُ yulayyafu |
تُلَيَّفَانِ tulayyafāni |
يُلَيَّفَانِ yulayyafāni |
نُلَيَّفُ nulayyafu |
تُلَيَّفُونَ tulayyafūna |
يُلَيَّفُونَ yulayyafūna | |||
f | تُلَيَّفِينَ tulayyafīna |
tulayyafu |
تُلَيَّفَانِ tulayyafāni |
تُلَيَّفْنَ tulayyafna |
يُلَيَّفْنَ yulayyafna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔulayyafa |
tulayyafa |
يُلَيَّفَ yulayyafa |
تُلَيَّفَا tulayyafā |
يُلَيَّفَا yulayyafā |
نُلَيَّفَ nulayyafa |
تُلَيَّفُوا tulayyafū |
يُلَيَّفُوا yulayyafū | |||
f | تُلَيَّفِي tulayyafī |
tulayyafa |
تُلَيَّفَا tulayyafā |
تُلَيَّفْنَ tulayyafna |
يُلَيَّفْنَ yulayyafna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔulayyaf |
tulayyaf |
يُلَيَّفْ yulayyaf |
تُلَيَّفَا tulayyafā |
يُلَيَّفَا yulayyafā |
نُلَيَّفْ nulayyaf |
تُلَيَّفُوا tulayyafū |
يُلَيَّفُوا yulayyafū | |||
f | تُلَيَّفِي tulayyafī |
tulayyaf |
تُلَيَّفَا tulayyafā |
تُلَيَّفْنَ tulayyafna |
يُلَيَّفْنَ yulayyafna |
References
- “lwp”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- Freytag, Georg (1837) “ليف”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 141
- Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “ليف”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 1177
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