كافر

See also: کافر

Arabic

Etymology

Active participle of the verb كَفَرَ (kafara, “to disbelieve; to cover; to conceal”) from the root ك ف ر (k-f-r).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /kaː.fir/

Adjective

كَافِر • (kāfir) (masculine plural كَافِرُونَ (kāfirūna) or كُفَّار (kuffār) or كَفَرة (kafara), feminine plural كَافِرَات (kāfirāt) or كَوَافِر (kawāfir))

  1. active participle of كَفَرَ (kafara)
  2. (obsolete) farmer
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 57:20:
      كَمَثَلِ غَيْثٍ أَعْجَبَ الْكُفَّارَ نَبَاتُهُ ثُمَّ يَهِيجُ فَتَرَاهُ مُصْفَرًّا ثُمَّ يَكُونُ حُطَامًا
      kamaṯali ḡayṯin ʔaʕjaba al-kuffāra nabātuhu ṯumma yahīju fatarāhu muṣfarran ṯumma yakūnu ḥuṭāman
      Like the example of a rain whose [resulting] plant growth pleases the farmers; then it dries and you see it turned yellow; then it becomes [scattered] debris
  3. disbeliever, unbeliever
  4. (Islam, religious slur) disbeliever, infidel
  5. ingrate, ungrateful
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 26:18:
      قَالَ أَلَمْ نُرَبِّكَ فِينَا وَلِيدًا وَلَبِثْتَ فِينَا مِنْ عُمُرِكَ سِنِينَ (18) وَفَعَلْتَ فَعْلَتَكَ الَّتِي فَعَلْتَ وَأَنتَ مِنَ الْكَافِرِينَ (19)
      (18) He said “Did we not rear thee among us as a child? And thou didst dwell many years of thy life among us, (19) and thou didst that thy deed which thou didst, and thou wast one of the ingrates.”

Declension
Declension of adjective كَافِر (kāfir)
Singular Masculine Feminine
basic singular triptote singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Informal كَافِر
kāfir		 الْكَافِر
al-kāfir		 كَافِرَة
kāfira		 الْكَافِرَة
al-kāfira
Nominative كَافِرٌ
kāfirun		 الْكَافِرُ
al-kāfiru		 كَافِرَةٌ
kāfiratun		 الْكَافِرَةُ
al-kāfiratu
Accusative كَافِرًا
kāfiran		 الْكَافِرَ
al-kāfira		 كَافِرَةً
kāfiratan		 الْكَافِرَةَ
al-kāfirata
Genitive كَافِرٍ
kāfirin		 الْكَافِرِ
al-kāfiri		 كَافِرَةٍ
kāfiratin		 الْكَافِرَةِ
al-kāfirati
Dual Masculine Feminine
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Informal كَافِرَيْن
kāfirayn		 الْكَافِرَيْن
al-kāfirayn		 كَافِرَتَيْن
kāfiratayn		 الْكَافِرَتَيْن
al-kāfiratayn
Nominative كَافِرَانِ
kāfirāni		 الْكَافِرَانِ
al-kāfirāni		 كَافِرَتَانِ
kāfiratāni		 الْكَافِرَتَانِ
al-kāfiratāni
Accusative كَافِرَيْنِ
kāfirayni		 الْكَافِرَيْنِ
al-kāfirayni		 كَافِرَتَيْنِ
kāfiratayni		 الْكَافِرَتَيْنِ
al-kāfiratayni
Genitive كَافِرَيْنِ
kāfirayni		 الْكَافِرَيْنِ
al-kāfirayni		 كَافِرَتَيْنِ
kāfiratayni		 الْكَافِرَتَيْنِ
al-kāfiratayni
Plural Masculine Feminine
sound masculine plural‎; basic broken plural triptote‎; broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a) sound feminine plural‎; basic broken plural diptote
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Informal كَافِرِين‎; كُفَّار‎; كَفَرة
kāfirīn‎; kuffār‎; kafara		 الْكَافِرِين‎; الْكُفَّار‎; الْكَفَرة
al-kāfirīn‎; al-kuffār‎; al-kafara		 كَافِرَات‎; كَوَافِر
kāfirāt‎; kawāfir		 الْكَافِرَات‎; الْكَوَافِر
al-kāfirāt‎; al-kawāfir
Nominative كَافِرُونَ‎; كُفَّارٌ‎; كَفَرةٌ
kāfirūna‎; kuffārun‎; kafaratun		 الْكَافِرُونَ‎; الْكُفَّارُ‎; الْكَفَرةُ
al-kāfirūna‎; al-kuffāru‎; al-kafaratu		 كَافِرَاتٌ‎; كَوَافِرُ
kāfirātun‎; kawāfiru		 الْكَافِرَاتُ‎; الْكَوَافِرُ
al-kāfirātu‎; al-kawāfiru
Accusative كَافِرِينَ‎; كُفَّارًا‎; كَفَرةً
kāfirīna‎; kuffāran‎; kafaratan		 الْكَافِرِينَ‎; الْكُفَّارَ‎; الْكَفَرةَ
al-kāfirīna‎; al-kuffāra‎; al-kafarata		 كَافِرَاتٍ‎; كَوَافِرَ
kāfirātin‎; kawāfira		 الْكَافِرَاتِ‎; الْكَوَافِرَ
al-kāfirāti‎; al-kawāfira
Genitive كَافِرِينَ‎; كُفَّارٍ‎; كَفَرةٍ
kāfirīna‎; kuffārin‎; kafaratin		 الْكَافِرِينَ‎; الْكُفَّارِ‎; الْكَفَرةِ
al-kāfirīna‎; al-kuffāri‎; al-kafarati		 كَافِرَاتٍ‎; كَوَافِرَ
kāfirātin‎; kawāfira		 الْكَافِرَاتِ‎; الْكَوَافِرِ
al-kāfirāti‎; al-kawāfiri

Hypernyms

Descendants
  • Maltese: kiefer
  • → Afrikaans: kaffer
  • → Azerbaijani: kafir
  • → Bashkir: кафыр (kafır, “infidel”)
  • → Bengali: কাফের (kapher)
  • → Catalan: cafre
  • → Central Kurdish: کافر (kafr)
  • → Dongxiang: kafeir
  • → Dutch: kaffer
    • Afrikaans: kaffer
    • Sranan Tongo: kafri
      • → Caribbean Hindustani: kafri
    • → English: kaffir (or from another European language)
  • → English: kafir
  • → Finnish: kafiiri, kafferi
  • → French: kâfir, cafard, cafre
  • → German: Kafir
  • → Greek: κάφρος (káfros)
  • → Hausa: kāfìr̃ī
  • → Italian: cafro, Cafiero
  • → Japanese: カーフィル (kāfiru)
  • → Kazakh: кәпір (käpır)
  • → Korean: 카피르 (kapireu)
  • → Kyrgyz: каапыр (kaapır)
  • → Macedonian: ќафир (ḱafir)
  • → Malay: kafir
  • → Mandarin: 卡菲勒 (kǎfēilè), 卡菲爾／卡菲尔 (kǎfēi'er)
  • → Maore Comorian: kafiri
  • → Maranao: kapir
  • → Nogai: каьпир (käpir)
  • → Northern Kurdish: kafir
  • → Pashto: کافر (kāfér)
  • → Persian: کافر (kâfer)
    • → Hindustani:
    Hindi: काफ़िर (kāfir)
    Urdu: کافر (kāfir)
  • → Norwegian: kaffer
  • → Ottoman Turkish: كافر (ḱafir)
  • → Portuguese: cafre
  • → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: кафир
    Latin script: kafir
  • → Spanish: cafre
  • → Swahili: kafiri
  • → Swedish: kaffer
  • → Tajik: кофир (kofir)
  • → Tatar: көфер (köfer)
  • → Turkmen: kapyr
  • → Uyghur: كاپىر (kapir)
  • → Uzbek: kofir

References
  • Wehr, Hans (1979) “كفر”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
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