سال

See also: ساڵ, سأل, and شال

Arabic

Etymology 1
Root
س ي ل (s-y-l)

Verb

سَالَ • (sāla) I, non-past يَسِيلُ‎ (yasīlu)

  1. to flow, to run
  2. to stretch over a horse's forehead and nose (of a white spot)
Conjugation
Conjugation of
سَالَ
(form-I hollow, verbal nouns سَيْل or سَيَلَان)
verbal nouns
الْمَصَادِر
sayl or sayalān
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
sāʔil
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول
مَسِيل

masīl
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد		 dual
الْمُثَنَّى		 plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم		 2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب		 3rd person
الْغَائِب		 2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب		 3rd person
الْغَائِب		 1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم		 2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب		 3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي		 m
siltu
silta
sāla
سِلْتُمَا

siltumā
سَالَا

sālā
silnā
siltum
sālū
f
silti
sālat
سَالَتَا

sālatā
siltunna
silna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع		 m
ʔasīlu
tasīlu
yasīlu
تَسِيلَانِ

tasīlāni
يَسِيلَانِ

yasīlāni
nasīlu
tasīlūna
yasīlūna
f
tasīlīna
tasīlu
تَسِيلَانِ

tasīlāni
tasilna
yasilna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب		 m
ʔasīla
tasīla
yasīla
تَسِيلَا

tasīlā
يَسِيلَا

yasīlā
nasīla
tasīlū
yasīlū
f
tasīlī
tasīla
تَسِيلَا

tasīlā
tasilna
yasilna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم		 m
ʔasil
tasil
yasil
تَسِيلَا

tasīlā
يَسِيلَا

yasīlā
nasil
tasīlū
yasīlū
f
tasīlī
tasil
تَسِيلَا

tasīlā
tasilna
yasilna
imperative
الْأَمْر		 m
sil
سِيلَا

sīlā
sīlū
f
sīlī
silna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد		 dual
الْمُثَنَّى		 plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم		 2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب		 3rd person
الْغَائِب		 2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب		 3rd person
الْغَائِب		 1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم		 2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب		 3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي		 m — —
sīla		 — — — — —
f — — — — —
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع		 m — —
yusālu		 — — — — —
f — — — — —
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب		 m — —
yusāla		 — — — — —
f — — — — —
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم		 m — —
yusal		 — — — — —
f — — — — —

Etymology 2

From the root س و ل (s-w-l), alternative form of س ء ل (s-ʔ-l).

Verb

سَالَ • (sāla) I, non-past يَسَالُ‎ (yasālu)

  1. (dialectal) Alternative form of سَأَلَ (saʔala)

References

Baluchi

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *carHdáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćarHáts.

Noun

سال • (sál)

  1. year

Kashmiri

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [saːl]

Noun

سال • (sāl) f (Devanagari साल)

  1. sister-in-law (wife’s sister)

Noun

سال • (sāl) m (Devanagari साल)

  1. invitation to a function (a dinner, lunch, etc.)

Moroccan Arabic

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /saːl/
  • Audio(file)

Etymology 1
Root
س ي ل
1 term

From Arabic سَالَ (sāla).

Verb

سال • (sāl) I (non-past يسيل (ysīl))

  1. to flow, to run
Conjugation
    Conjugation of سال
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m سلت (salt) سلتي (salti) سال (sāl) سلنا (salna) سلتوا (saltu) سالوا (sālu)
f سالت (sālet)
non-past m نسيل (nsīl) تسيل (tsīl) يسيل (ysīl) نسيلوا (nsīlu) تسيلوا (tsīlu) يسيلوا (ysīlu)
f تسيلي (tsīli) تسيل (tsīl)
imperative m سيل (sīl) سيلوا (sīlu)
f سيلي (sīli)

Etymology 2
Root
س و ل
2 terms

From Arabic سَأَلَ (saʔala).

Verb

سال • (sāl) I (non-past يسال (ysāl))

  1. to be owed money
  2. (dated) to ask
    Synonyms: سقصى (saqṣa), سول (sawwal)
Conjugation
    Conjugation of سال
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m سلت (salt) سلتي (salti) سال (sāl) سلنا (salna) سلتوا (saltu) سالوا (sālu)
f سالت (sālet)
non-past m نسال (nsāl) تسال (tsāl) يسال (ysāl) نسالوا (nsālu) تسالوا (tsālu) يسالوا (ysālu)
f تسالي (tsāli) تسال (tsāl)
imperative m سال (sāl) سالوا (sālu)
f سالي (sāli)

Persian

Etymology

From Middle Persian 𐭱𐭭𐭲 (sāl), from Old Persian 𐎰𐎼𐎭 (θ-r-d /⁠θard⁠/), from Proto-Iranian *carHdáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćarHáts.

Pronunciation
 

Readings
Classical reading? sāl
Dari reading? sāl
Iranian reading? sâl
Tajik reading? sol
  • Audio (Iran)(file)

Noun
Dari سال
Iranian Persian
Tajik сол

سال • (sâl) (plural سال‌ها (sâl-hâ) or سالیان (sâliyân))

  1. year

Derived terms

Descendants
  • → Azerbaijani: sal
  • → Bengali: সাল (śal)
  • → Gujarati: સાલ (sāl)
  • → Hindustani:
  • → Punjabi:
  • → Sindhi: سال

References
  • MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “sāl”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press
  • Nourai, Ali (2011) An Etymological Dictionary of Persian, English and other Indo-European Languages, page 220

Punjabi

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian سال (sāl).

Noun

سال • (sāl) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਸਾਲ)

  1. year

Further reading
  • Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “سال”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat‎ (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz

Saraiki

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian سال (sāl).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /saːl/

Noun

سال (sāl) m

  1. year

Sindhi

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian سال (sāl).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [sɑlʊ]

Noun

سال • (sālu) m (Devanagari सालु)

  1. year

Urdu

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Persian سال (sāl).

Noun

سال • (sāl) m (Hindi spelling साल)

  1. year

Etymology 2

From Sanskrit शाल (śāla).

Noun

سال • (sāl) m (Hindi spelling साल)

  1. saul tree and its wood (Shorea robusta)

Etymology 3

From Sanskrit शल्य (śalya).

Noun

سال • (sāl) m (Hindi spelling साल)

  1. thorn

Etymology 4

From Sanskrit शाला (śālā).

Noun

سال • (sāl) f (Hindi spelling साल)

  1. house
  2. hall
  3. place

Etymology 5

From Sanskrit शृगाल (śṛgāla).

Noun

سال • (sāl) m (Hindi spelling साल)

  1. jackal

Uyghur

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *sāl.[1][2] Cognates with Turkish sal.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /sɑl/

Noun

سال • (sal) (plural ساللار (sallar))

  1. a raft

References
  1. Clauson, Gerard (1972) “sa:l”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 824
  2. Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*sāl”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

Further reading
  • Schwarz, Henry G. (1992) An Uyghur-English Dictionary (East Asian Research Aids & Translations; 3), Bellingham, Washington: Center for East Asian Studies, Western Washington University, →ISBN
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