خشت

Khalaj

Noun

خِشت (xişt) (definite accusative خِشتی, plural خِشتلَر)

  1. Arabic spelling of xişt (“brick, bar, ingot”)

Declension
Declension of خشت
singular plural
nominative خشت خشتلَر
genitive خشتۆݧ خشتلَریݧ
dative خشتکه خشتلَرکه
definite accusative خشتۆ خشتلَری
locative خشتچه خشتلَرچه
ablative خشتده خشتلَرده
instrumental خشتله خشتلَرله
equative خشتوارا خشتلَروارا

Persian

Pronunciation
 

Readings
Classical reading? xišt
Dari reading? xišt
Iranian reading? xešt
Tajik reading? xišt

Etymology 1

See Old Armenian աշտեայ (ašteay).

Noun

خِشْت • (xešt) (plural خشت‌ها (xešt-hâ))

  1. (archaic) javelin, dart, spear, halberd, poleaxe
Descendants
  • → Old Armenian: խիշտ (xišt)
    • Armenian: խիշտ (xišt)
  • → Georgian: ხიშტი (xišṭi)
References

Etymology 2

From Middle Persian [script needed] (hšt' /⁠xišt⁠/, “brick”), from Old Persian 𐎡𐏁𐎫𐎡 (i-š-t-i /⁠išti-⁠/, “sun-dried brick”), possibly borrowed from the BMAC substrate.[1][2] Cognate with Avestan 𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬌𐬌𐬀 (ištiia, “brick”), 𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬌 (išti), 𐬰𐬆𐬨𐬋𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬎𐬎𐬀 (zəmōištuua, “clay brick”), Sanskrit इष्टका (iṣṭakā, “brick”), Tocharian B iścem (“clay”), Pashto خښته (ḵẖaś̱ẖtaʿh), and possibly Parthian 𐫍𐫏𐫢𐫎𐫏𐫃 (hyšṯyg, “brick”).

Noun

خِشْت • (xešt) (plural خشت‌ها (xešt-hâ))

خشت
  1. adobe, sun-dried brick
Derived terms
  • خشتی (xešti)
Descendants
  • Tajik: хишт (xišt)
    • → Uzbek: gʻisht
  • → Hindi: ख़िश्त (xiśt)
  • → Gujarati: ખિશ્ત (khiśt)
  • → Khalaj: xişt
  • → Kurdish:
    • Central Kurdish: خشت (xişt)
  • → Urdu: خِشْت (xiśt)

References
  1. The template Template:R:iir:Lubotsky:1999 does not use the parameter(s): 
    2=*išt(i̯)a- `brick'
    Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.    Lubotsky, Alexander (1999) “The Indo-Iranian substratum”, in Early Contacts between Uralic and Indo-European: Linguistic and Archaeological Considerations‎, Helsinki, page 4
  2. Schmitt, Rüdiger (2017–2018) “Chapter XVII: Indo-Iranian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Indo-Iranian, page 1949: “*išta-, *išti- ‘brick’”

Urdu
خِشت کا گَھر
a brick house

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian خِشت (xišt, “brick”), doublet of اِیْنٹ (ī̃ṭ). Ultimately derived from the BMAC substrate.

Cognate with Punjabi اِٹّ (īṭṭ), Pashto خښته (ḵẖaś̱ẖtaʿh), Khowar اݰٹو (ušṭu), Phalura اݜٹو (iṣṭū́),

Pronunciation

Noun

خِشْت • (xiśt) f (Hindi spelling ख़िश्त)

  1. brick
  2. tile; slab

Derived terms
  • خِشْتِی (xiśtī, “(made of) brick”)
  • خِشْتَک (xiśtak, “small brick”)
  • خِشْت ساز (xiśt sāz, “brick-maker”)
  • خِشْت زَنِی (xiśt zanī, “brick-making”)

References
  • “خشت”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
  • Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “خشت”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
  • Platts, John Thompson (1884) “خشت”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co., →ISBN, →OCLC
  • “خشت”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
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