ببر

See also: تثر, بتر, پتر, ثبر, تتر, تبر, بثر, and بئر

Arabic

بَبْرٌ

Etymology

Cognate to Classical Syriac ܒܒܪܐ (bbrʾ) and cognate to Akkadian 𒌨𒁇𒊏 (barbarum, “wolf”), likely an early Semitic loan from Sumerian 𒌨𒁇𒊏 (urbarak, literally “outsider dog”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /babr/

Noun

بَبْر • (babr) m (plural بُبُور (bubūr))

tiger
- a. 869 C.E., Al-Jāḥiẓ, edited by Ḥasan Ḥusnī ʕAbd Al-Wahhāb At-Tūnisiyy, ‎كتاب التبصر بالتجارة, ‎3rd edition, Cairo, Egypt: ‎مكتبة الخانجي, published 1994, →OCLC, pages 25–26:
  يُجْلَبُ مِنَ ٱلهِنْدِ ٱلبُبُورُ، وَٱلنُّمُورُ، وَٱلفِيَلَةُ، وَجُلُودُ ٱلنُّمُورِ، وَٱليَاقُوتُ ٱلأَحْمَرُ، وَٱلصَّنْدَلُ ٱلأَبْيَضُ، وَٱلآبَنُوسُ، وَجَوْزُ ٱلهِنْدِ.
  yujlabu mina l-hindi l-bubūru, wa-n-numūru, wa-l-fiyalatu, wa-julūdu n-numūri, wa-l-yāqūtu l-ʔaḥmaru, wa-ṣ-ṣandalu l-ʔabyaḍu, wa-l-ʔābanūsu, wa-jawzu l-hindi.
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Declension

Declension of noun بَبْر (babr)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	بَبْر babr	الْبَبْر al-babr	بَبْر babr
Nominative	بَبْرٌ babrun	الْبَبْرُ al-babru	بَبْرُ babru
Accusative	بَبْرًا babran	الْبَبْرَ al-babra	بَبْرَ babra
Genitive	بَبْرٍ babrin	الْبَبْرِ al-babri	بَبْرِ babri
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	بَبْرَيْن babrayn	الْبَبْرَيْن al-babrayn	بَبْرَيْ babray
Nominative	بَبْرَانِ babrāni	الْبَبْرَانِ al-babrāni	بَبْرَا babrā
Accusative	بَبْرَيْنِ babrayni	الْبَبْرَيْنِ al-babrayni	بَبْرَيْ babray
Genitive	بَبْرَيْنِ babrayni	الْبَبْرَيْنِ al-babrayni	بَبْرَيْ babray
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	بُبُور bubūr	الْبُبُور al-bubūr	بُبُور bubūr
Nominative	بُبُورٌ bubūrun	الْبُبُورُ al-bubūru	بُبُورُ bubūru
Accusative	بُبُورًا bubūran	الْبُبُورَ al-bubūra	بُبُورَ bubūra
Genitive	بُبُورٍ bubūrin	الْبُبُورِ al-bubūri	بُبُورِ bubūri

References

Lane, Edward William (1863) “ببر”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, page 147

Khalaj

Noun

بَبر (bəbr) (definite accusative بَبری, plural بَبرلَر)

Arabic spelling of bəbr (“tiger”)

Declension

Declension of ببر

	singular	plural
nominative	ببر	ببرلَر
genitive	ببرۆݧ	ببرلَریݧ
dative	ببرکه	ببرلَرکه
definite accusative	ببرۆ	ببرلَری
locative	ببرچه	ببرلَرچه
ablative	ببرده	ببرلَرده
instrumental	ببرله	ببرلَرله
equative	ببروارا	ببرلَروارا

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology 1

From Greek πιπέρι, πιπεριά (pipéri, piperiá).

Alternative forms

بوبر (büber), بابری (beberi)

Noun

ببر • (biber)

pepper (vegetable, plant, and spice)

Derived terms

صو ببری (su biberi, “water pepper”)

Descendants

Turkish: biber
→ Armenian: բիբար (bibar), բիբառ (bibaṙ), բիբեր (biber), բիբեռ (bibeṙ)
→ Azerbaijani: bibər
→ Crimean Tatar: biber
→ Macedonian: бибер (biber)
→ Serbo-Croatian: бѝбер (biber)

References

Kélékian, Diran (1911) “ببر”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 251
Meyer, Gustav (1893) “Türkische Studien. I. Die griechischen und romanischen Bestandtheile im Wortschatze des Osmanisch-Türkischen”, in Sitzungsberichte der philosophisch-historischen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften (in German), volume 128, Wien: In Commission bei F. Tempsky, page 28
Redhouse, James W. (1890) “ببر”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 338

Etymology 2

From Persian (babr).

Noun

ببر • (bebr)

tiger

Persian

Etymology 1

ببر

From Middle Persian bpl (babr, “tiger, lion, panther”), ultimately derived from Sumerian 𒌨𒁇𒊏 (urbarra, literally “outside dog, wild predator”) likely inherited from an Old Persian form, becoming semantically specified from the more general "wild predators".
From Middle Persian bpl (babr, “tiger”), dubiously connected to Proto-Indo-Iranian *wy(H)āgʰrás. Cognate with Sanskrit व्याघ्र (vyāghrá) and related to Old Armenian վագր (vagr) and Old Georgian ვიგრი (vigri) (both loanwords from Iranian).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [baβɾ]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [bäbɾ]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [bäbɾ]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [bäbɾ]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [bæbɹ]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [bäbɾ]

Readings
Classical reading^?	baḇr
Dari reading^?	babr
Iranian reading^?	babr
Tajik reading^?	babr

Noun

ببر • (babr) (plural ببرها (babr-hâ) or ببران (babrân))


Iranian Persian	ببر
Dari	ببر
Tajik	бабр

tiger
(South Asia) lion

Derived terms

ببر بَیان (babr-e bayân)
ببر سیبری (babr-e sibri)
ببر مازندران (babr-e mâzandarân)
ببر بنگال (babr-e bengâl)
ببر چینی (babr-e čini)
ببر سوماترایی (babr-e sumâtrâyi)
ببر بالی (babr-e bâli)

Descendants

→ Hindustani
- Hindi: बबर (babar)
- Urdu: ببر
→ Khalaj: bəbr

Etymology 2

From Middle Persian bplk' (babrag).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ba.βaɾ]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [bä.bäɾ]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [bä.bäɾ]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [bä.bäɾ]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [bæ.bæɹ]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [bä.bäɾ]

Readings
Classical reading^?	baḇar
Dari reading^?	babar
Iranian reading^?	babar
Tajik reading^?	babar

Noun

ببر • (babar) (plural ببرها (babar-hâ))

(archaic) beaver

References

MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “babr”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press
Horn, Paul (1893) Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, page 42

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