أشق

See also: اسق, أشف, اسڤ, and أسق

Arabic

Etymology 1

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

أَشُقْ • (ʔašuq) (form I)

  1. first-person singular non-past active jussive of شَاقَ (šāqa)

Verb

أُشَقْ • (ʔušaq) (form I)

  1. first-person singular non-past passive jussive of شَاقَ (šāqa)

Etymology 2
Root
ش ق ق (š-q-q)

Adjective

أَشَقّ • (ʔašaqq)

  1. elative degree of شَاقّ (šāqq); toughest, most wearisome
Declension
Declension of adjective أَشَقّ (ʔašaqq)
Singular Masculine Feminine
basic singular diptote singular invariable
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Informal أَشَقّ
ʔašaqq		 الْأَشَقّ
al-ʔašaqq		 شُقّى
šuqqā		 الشُّقّى
aš-šuqqā
Nominative أَشَقُّ
ʔašaqqu		 الْأَشَقُّ
al-ʔašaqqu		 شُقّى
šuqqā		 الشُّقّى
aš-šuqqā
Accusative أَشَقَّ
ʔašaqqa		 الْأَشَقَّ
al-ʔašaqqa		 شُقّى
šuqqā		 الشُّقّى
aš-šuqqā
Genitive أَشَقَّ
ʔašaqqa		 الْأَشَقِّ
al-ʔašaqqi		 شُقّى
šuqqā		 الشُّقّى
aš-šuqqā
Dual Masculine Feminine
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Informal أَشَقَّيْن
ʔašaqqayn		 الْأَشَقَّيْن
al-ʔašaqqayn		 شُقَّيَيْن
šuqqayayn		 الشُّقَّيَيْن
aš-šuqqayayn
Nominative أَشَقَّانِ
ʔašaqqāni		 الْأَشَقَّانِ
al-ʔašaqqāni		 شُقَّيَانِ
šuqqayāni		 الشُّقَّيَانِ
aš-šuqqayāni
Accusative أَشَقَّيْنِ
ʔašaqqayni		 الْأَشَقَّيْنِ
al-ʔašaqqayni		 شُقَّيَيْنِ
šuqqayayni		 الشُّقَّيَيْنِ
aš-šuqqayayni
Genitive أَشَقَّيْنِ
ʔašaqqayni		 الْأَشَقَّيْنِ
al-ʔašaqqayni		 شُقَّيَيْنِ
šuqqayayni		 الشُّقَّيَيْنِ
aš-šuqqayayni
Plural Masculine Feminine
plural unknown sound feminine plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Informal ?
?		 ?
?		 شُقَّيَات
šuqqayāt		 الشُّقَّيَات
aš-šuqqayāt
Nominative ?
?		 ?
?		 شُقَّيَاتٌ
šuqqayātun		 الشُّقَّيَاتُ
aš-šuqqayātu
Accusative ?
?		 ?
?		 شُقَّيَاتٍ
šuqqayātin		 الشُّقَّيَاتِ
aš-šuqqayāti
Genitive ?
?		 ?
?		 شُقَّيَاتٍ
šuqqayātin		 الشُّقَّيَاتِ
aš-šuqqayāti

Adjective

أَشَقّ • (ʔašaqq) (feminine شَقَّاء (šaqqāʔ), masculine plural شُقّ (šuqq))

  1. of inclinated gait in such a manner that a gap is left between the legs, long-footed
Declension
Declension of adjective أَشَقّ (ʔašaqq)
Singular Masculine Feminine
basic singular diptote basic singular diptote
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Informal أَشَقّ
ʔašaqq		 الْأَشَقّ
al-ʔašaqq		 شَقَّاء
šaqqāʔ		 الشَّقَّاء
aš-šaqqāʔ
Nominative أَشَقُّ
ʔašaqqu		 الْأَشَقُّ
al-ʔašaqqu		 شَقَّاءُ
šaqqāʔu		 الشَّقَّاءُ
aš-šaqqāʔu
Accusative أَشَقَّ
ʔašaqqa		 الْأَشَقَّ
al-ʔašaqqa		 شَقَّاءَ
šaqqāʔa		 الشَّقَّاءَ
aš-šaqqāʔa
Genitive أَشَقَّ
ʔašaqqa		 الْأَشَقِّ
al-ʔašaqqi		 شَقَّاءَ
šaqqāʔa		 الشَّقَّاءِ
aš-šaqqāʔi
Dual Masculine Feminine
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Informal أَشَقَّيْن
ʔašaqqayn		 الْأَشَقَّيْن
al-ʔašaqqayn		 شَقَّاءَيْن
šaqqāʔayn		 الشَّقَّاءَيْن
aš-šaqqāʔayn
Nominative أَشَقَّانِ
ʔašaqqāni		 الْأَشَقَّانِ
al-ʔašaqqāni		 شَقَّاءَانِ
šaqqāʔāni		 الشَّقَّاءَانِ
aš-šaqqāʔāni
Accusative أَشَقَّيْنِ
ʔašaqqayni		 الْأَشَقَّيْنِ
al-ʔašaqqayni		 شَقَّاءَيْنِ
šaqqāʔayni		 الشَّقَّاءَيْنِ
aš-šaqqāʔayni
Genitive أَشَقَّيْنِ
ʔašaqqayni		 الْأَشَقَّيْنِ
al-ʔašaqqayni		 شَقَّاءَيْنِ
šaqqāʔayni		 الشَّقَّاءَيْنِ
aš-šaqqāʔayni
Plural Masculine Feminine
basic broken plural triptote basic broken plural triptote
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Informal شُقّ
šuqq		 الشُّقّ
aš-šuqq		 شُقّ
šuqq		 الشُّقّ
aš-šuqq
Nominative شُقٌّ
šuqqun		 الشُّقُّ
aš-šuqqu		 شُقٌّ
šuqqun		 الشُّقُّ
aš-šuqqu
Accusative شُقًّا
šuqqan		 الشُّقَّ
aš-šuqqa		 شُقًّا
šuqqan		 الشُّقَّ
aš-šuqqa
Genitive شُقٍّ
šuqqin		 الشُّقِّ
aš-šuqqi		 شُقٍّ
šuqqin		 الشُّقِّ
aš-šuqqi

Etymology 3

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (wšʾk /⁠wašak⁠/), [Book Pahlavi needed] (wšk /⁠wašak⁠/), attested at least thrice in Book Pahlavi and once in Classical Syriac ܘܣܩܐ (wasqā), once in Classical Mandaic ࡀࡅࡎࡒࡀ (wasqā),[1] denoting in each case a kind of ceremonial drink employed by Zoroastrians in place of wine, which matches gum ammoniac as this was employed in antiquity for its emollient, swelling-atoning and limb-pain-relieving effect,[2] and apparently the drink was called after ammoniacum it was composed of,[1] as the later Classical Persian وشه (wuša) and اشه (oša) and the Arabic are known to mean gum ammoniac, and one finds a Byzantine Greek οὐσάκ (ousák) glossed as ammoniacum.[3]
The measure of the Arabic word is also KaLaM, not only KuLLaM.

Alternative forms
  • وُشَّق (wuššaq), أُشَّج (ʔuššaj), وُشَّج (wuššaj)

Noun

أُشَّق • (ʔuššaq) m

  1. Ferula marmarica (in Africa)
  2. Ferula ammoniacum syn. Dorema ammoniacum (in Eastern Iran, Afghanistan, Turkistan)
  3. Ferula aucheri syn. Dorema aucheri (in Western Persia)
  4. gum ammoniac, ammoniacum, obtained from the said plants
Declension
Declension of noun أُشَّق (ʔuššaq)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal أُشَّق
ʔuššaq		 الْأُشَّق
al-ʔuššaq		 أُشَّق
ʔuššaq
Nominative أُشَّقٌ
ʔuššaqun		 الْأُشَّقُ
al-ʔuššaqu		 أُشَّقُ
ʔuššaqu
Accusative أُشَّقًا
ʔuššaqan		 الْأُشَّقَ
al-ʔuššaqa		 أُشَّقَ
ʔuššaqa
Genitive أُشَّقٍ
ʔuššaqin		 الْأُشَّقِ
al-ʔuššaqi		 أُشَّقِ
ʔuššaqi
Descendants
  • → Middle Armenian: աւշակ (awšak), օշակ (ōšak), օշախ (ōšax), աւշախ (awšax), օշաղ (ōšaġ), օշ (ōš), աւշ (awš), վաշակ (vašak), վաշախ (vašax), վաշաղ (vašaġ) (some of the forms probably from Iranian)
  • → Medieval Latin: alaſach (Spain, emended from aſaſach)[4]
  • → Old Spanish: alguaxaque, aluaxaque, aluahasaque, aluasaque, alguaxac, arguaxaque
  • → Classical Syriac: ܐܘܫܩ (ʾawšāq)[1][3][5]

Further reading
  • Freytag, Georg (1830) “أشق”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 38
  • Freytag, Georg (1833) “أشق”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 437
  • Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “أشق”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen, page 46

References
  1. Henning, Walter Bruno (1955) “The Middle-Persian Word for ‘Beer’”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, volume 17, number 3, →DOI, pages 603–604
  2. See for example “σίλφιον – Ferula tingitana”, in Dioscórides Interactivo‎ (in Spanish), 2024 which probably related to Ferula tingitana however Dorema ammoniacum was used the same by the Hellenes and the Arabic translators of Greek identified the former with the latter – so also Steiger, Arnald (1960) “Voces de origen oriental contenidas en el Tesoro lexicográfico de Samuel Gili Gaya”, in Revista de Filología Española‎ (in Spanish), volume 43, numbers 1.o–2.o, →DOI, page 56.
  3. Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden‎ (in German), volume 3, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, page 457
  4. Steiger, Arnald (1960) “Voces de origen oriental contenidas en el Tesoro lexicográfico de Samuel Gili Gaya”, in Revista de Filología Española‎ (in Spanish), volume 43, numbers 1.o–2.o, →DOI, page 56
  5. “ˀwšq”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
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