ירד

Hebrew
Root
י־ר־ד (y-r-d)

Etymology

From Proto-Semitic *warad-. Cognate to Ugaritic 𐎊𐎗𐎄 (yrd, “to go down”), Arabic وَرَدَ (warada, “to come, to arrive”), Ge'ez ወረደ (wärädä, “to descend”) and Akkadian 𒉿𒊏𒁺𒌝 (warādum, “to go down to lower ground, to come ashore, to go downhill or downstream”).

Pronunciation
  • Audio(file)

Verb

יָרַד • (yarád) third-singular masculine past (pa'al construction, infinitive לָרֶדֶת)

  1. To go down, descend.
    • רונה קינן, הסולם
      אבא שלך טיפס על סולם...ושכח איך לָרֶדֶת
      Your father climbed the ladder... and forgot how to get down.
    יורד גשם. ― yoréd géshem. ― It is raining. [literally, Rain is descending.]
  2. To go down, decline, decrease.
  3. (somewhat derogatory) To emigrate from Israel, or (humorous) from another country.
  4. (colloquial) To criticize, lambaste, roast; construed with the preposition על (al, “on”).
  5. To get out of a vehicle.
  6. (colloquial, vulgar) To give fellatio or cunnilingus; construed with the preposition ל- (le-, “to”).

Conjugation
Conjugation of יָרַד (see also Appendix:Hebrew verbs) 
non-finite forms
finite forms singular plural
m. f. m. f.
past first יָרַדְתִּייָרַדְנוּ
second יָרַדְתָּיָרַדְתְּיְרַדְתֶּם1יְרַדְתֶּן1
third יָרַדיָרְדָהיָרְדוּ
present יוֹרֵדיוֹרֶדֶתיוֹרְדִיםיוֹרְדוֹת
future first אֵרֵדנֵרֵד
second תֵּרֵדתֵּרְדִיתֵּרְדוּתֵּרֵדְנָה2
third יֵרֵדתֵּרֵדיֵרְדוּתֵּרֵדְנָה2
imperative רֵדרְדִירְדוּרֵדְנָה2
notes
  1. Pronounced יָרַדְתֶּם and יָרַדְתֶּן in informal Modern Hebrew.
  2. Rare in Modern Hebrew.

Antonyms
  • (antonym(s) of “descend”): עלה (alá, “go up, ascend”)
  • (antonym(s) of “decrease”): עלה (alá, “go up, increase”)
  • (antonym(s) of “emigrate from Israel”): עלה (alá, “to make aliyah”)

Derived terms

Anagrams
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