խրամ

Armenian

Etymology

From Old Armenian խրամ (xram).

Pronunciation

Noun

խրամ • (xram)

  1. (military, historical) moat
    Synonym: խանդակ (xandak)
  2. (military) trench, entrenchment
    Synonym: խրամատ (xramat)
  3. breach, rupture, rent opened on a wall
  4. (dialectal, Ararat) a precipitous road down a cliff

Declension

Old Armenian

Etymology

Probably a Georgian-Zan borrowing: compare Laz ღორმა (ğorma, hole, aperture), Georgian ღრმა (ɣrma, deep). Old Armenian, not having a [ɣ] or [ʁ] phoneme, substituted Kartvelian ɣ with a խ (x), as in խոճկոր (xočkor), խորձուիլ (xorjuil).[1]

Noun

խրամ • (xram)

  1. (military) moat, trench, ditch; mine or sap
    խրամ հատանելxram hatanelto cut a trench
  2. (military) breach, rupture, rent on a wall, fortification
    խրամ հատանելxram hatanelto make a gap; to open a breach
  3. (figuratively) division, separation
    յորդիս իմ եղեւ խրամyordis im ełew xramthere was a gap among my sons

Declension

Derived terms

  • անխրամ (anxram)
  • անխրամատելի (anxramateli)
  • խրամակարկատ (xramakarkat)
  • խրամահատ (xramahat)
  • խրամահատութիւն (xramahatutʻiwn)
  • խրամապահ (xramapah)
  • խրամատ (xramat)
  • խրամատեմ (xramatem)
  • խրամատիչ (xramatičʻ)
  • խրամատութիւն (xramatutʻiwn)

Descendants

  • Armenian: խրամ (xram)
  • Georgian: ხრამი (xrami)
  • Turkish: ḫram, hıram

References

  1. Djahukian, Gevorg (2003) “Notes on Some Lexical Correspondences between Armenian and the Kartvelian Languages”, in Iran and the Caucasus, volume 7, number 1/2, page 193 of 191–194

Further reading

  • Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “խրամ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
  • Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “խրամ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
  • Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “խրամ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
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