ял

Bashkir

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [jɑɫ]
  • Hyphenation: ял (one syllable)

Etymology 1

Cognate with Tatar ял (yal, “rest”), Kumyk ял (yal, “rest”).

Noun

ял • (yal)

  1. rest
    Ял көнө.
    Yal könö.
    A day off.
  2. respite, break
    Төшкө ял.
    Töşkö yal.
    Lunch break.
  3. recreation
    Беренсенән, Өфө алыҫ түгел, икенсенән, һеҙҙә тәбиғәт матур, ул ял индустрияһын үҫтереү өсөн мөмкинлек бирә.
    Berensenən, Öfö alıś tügel, ikensenən, heźźə təbiğət matur, ul yal industriyahın üśterew ösön mömkinlek birə.
    Firstly, Ufa is not far, secondly, the nature is beautiful at your place, it creates an opportunity to develop the recreation industry.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Turkic *yāl (“mane”).

Cognate with Old Uyghur [script needed] (jal, “mane”); Kazakh, Kyrgyz жал (jal), Uzbek yol, Uyghur يال (yal), Turkmen ýal, Azerbaijani yal (“mane”), etc.

Noun

ял • (yal)

  1. mane
Declension
Inflection of ял (yal)
singular only
absolute ял (yal)
definite genitive ялдың (yaldıñ)
dative ялға (yalğa)
definite accusative ялды (yaldı)
locative ялда (yalda)
ablative ялдан (yaldan)

Bulgarian

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ja̟ɫ]

Participle

ял • (jal)

  1. indefinite masculine singular past active aorist participle of ям (jam)

Chuvash

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *āgïl.[1][2] Cognate with Kazakh ауыл (auyl), Karakalpak аўыл (awıl), Karachay-Balkar ауул (awul), Tatar авыл (awıl), Kyrgyz айыл (ayıl), Khakas, Shor аал (aal) and Turkish ağıl, etc.

Noun

ял • (jal)

  1. village
Descendants
  • → Eastern Mari: ял (jal)

Etymology 2

From Volga Bulgar يال (yēl),[3] Proto-Turkic *ēl.

Noun

ял • (jal)

  1. people
  2. society

References
  1. Sevortjan, E. V. (1974) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Nauka, page 84
  2. Tenišev E. R., editor (1984–2006), Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages:] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, page 22
  3. Tekin, Talât (1988) Volga Bulgar kitabeleri ve Volga Bulgarcası [Volga Bulgarian Ephitaphs and Volga Bulgarian Language]‎ (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, →ISBN, pages 190-191
  • Fedotov, M. R. (1996) “ял”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ čuvašskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Chuvash Language] (in Russian), volume II, Cheboksary: Chuvash State Institute of Humanities, pages 497-498
  • Jegorov, V. G. (1964) “ял”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ čuvašskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Chuvash Language] (in Russian), Cheboksary: Čuvašskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, page 352

Further reading
  • “ял”, in Электронлă сăмахсар‎ (overall work in Russian and Chuvash), 1996.

Eastern Mari

Etymology

Borrowed from Chuvash ял (jal).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /jɑl/
  • Rhymes: -ɑl
  • Hyphenation: ял

Noun

ял • (jal)

  1. village
    марий ял
    marij jal
    Mari village
  2. countryside, country
  3. villagers

Declension
Declension of ял
singular plural
nominative ял (jal) ял-влак (jal-vlak)
accusative ялым (jalym) ял-влакым (jal-vlakym)
genitive ялын (jalyn) ял-влакын (jal-vlakyn)
dative яллан (jallan) ял-влаклан (jal-vlaklan)
comitative ялге (jalge) ял-влакге (jal-vlakge)
comparative ялла (jalla) ял-влакла (jal-vlakla)
inessive ялыште (jalyšte) ял-влакыште (jal-vlakyšte)
illative (short) ялыш (jalyš) ял-влакыш (jal-vlakyš)
illative (long) ялышке (jalyške) ял-влакышке (jal-vlakyške)
lative ялеш (jaĺeš) ял-влакеш (jal-vlakeš)
Possessed forms of ял
singular plural
1st person ялем (jaĺem) ялна (jalna)
2nd person ялет (jaĺet) ялда (jalda)
3rd person ялже (jalže) ялышт (jalyšt)

References
  • V. M. Vasiljev, Z. V. Uchaev (2003) “ял”, in Марийско-Русский словарь, Yoshkar-Ola, →ISBN
  • J. Bradley et al. (2023) “ял”, in The Mari Web Project: Mari-English Dictionary, University of Vienna
  1. village

Mongolian
MongolianCyrillic
ᠶᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ
(yal-a)		ял
(jal)

Etymology

From Common Turkic *yala (“suspicion, slander”), compare Kazakh жала (jala).

Pronunciation

Noun

ял • (jal); (regular declension)

  1. sentence (punishment imposed for a crime)
    Synonym: шийтгэл (šiitgel)

Derived terms
  • яллах (jallax, “to sentence”)
  • ялтан (jaltan, “the accused, defendant, convict”)
  • ялагдах (jalagdax, “to lose”)

Russian

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [jaɫ]

Verb

ял • (jal)

  1. masculine singular past indicative perfective of ять (jatʹ)

Western Mari

Etymology

From Proto-Mari *jål, from Proto-Uralic *jalka. Cognates include Eastern Mari йол (jol).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈjɑl/
  • Rhymes: -ɑl
  • Hyphenation: ял

Noun

ял • (jal)

  1. (anatomy) foot
  2. (anatomy) leg

References
  • Savatkova, A. A. (2008) “ял”, in Slovarʹ gornomarijskovo jazyka [Hill Mari language dictionary] (in Russian), Yoshkar-Ola: Mari publisher, →ISBN
  • K. I. Belyaev & P. P. Romashkin (1944) “нога”, in Русско-Марийский Словарь [Russian-Mari Dictionary] (overall work in Russian), Kozmodemyansk: Маргосиздатын Кырык-Мары Филиал, page 192
  • K. G. Yuadarov (1979) “нога”, in Русско-марийский словарь: для учащихся горномарийских средних школ [Russian-Mari Dictionary: for students of Hill-Mari secondary schools] (overall work in Russian), Yoshkar-Ola: Марийское Книжное Издательство, →OCLC, page 61
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