хукам
Bulgarian
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Probably onomatopoeic, from the call хууу (huuu) + -кам (-kam).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈxukɐm]
Verb
ху́кам • (húkam) first-singular present indicative, impf (perfective ху́кна) (dialectal)
- (transitive) to boo, to taunt
- (transitive, intransitive) to gust, to blow away, to howl (of wind or creature)
Conjugation
Conjugation of хо́кам (conjugation 3, imperfective, transitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | хо́кащ hókašt |
хо́кал, хока́л1 hókal, hokál1 |
хо́кал hókal |
хо́кан hókan |
хо́кайки hókajki | |
| definite subject form | хо́кащият hókaštijat |
хо́калият, хока́лият1 hókalijat, hokálijat1 |
— | хо́каният hókanijat | |||
| definite object form | хо́кащия hókaštija |
хо́калия, хока́лия1 hókalija, hokálija1 |
— | хо́кания hókanija | |||
| feminine | indefinite | хо́каща hókašta |
хо́кала, хока́ла1 hókala, hokála1 |
хо́кала hókala |
хо́кана hókana | ||
| definite | хо́кащата hókaštata |
хо́калата, хока́лата1 hókalata, hokálata1 |
— | хо́каната hókanata | |||
| neuter | indefinite | хо́кащо hókašto |
хо́кало, хока́ло1 hókalo, hokálo1 |
хо́кало hókalo |
хо́кано hókano |
хо́кане hókane | |
| definite | хо́кащото hókaštoto |
хо́калото, хока́лото1 hókaloto, hokáloto1 |
— | хо́каното hókanoto |
хо́кането hókaneto | ||
| plural | indefinite | хо́кащи hókašti |
хо́кали, хока́ли1 hókali, hokáli1 |
хо́кали hókali |
хо́кани hókani |
хо́кания, хо́канета hókanija, hókaneta | |
| definite | хо́кащите hókaštite |
хо́калите, хока́лите1 hókalite, hokálite1 |
— | хо́каните hókanite |
хо́канията, хо́канетата hókanijata, hókanetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | хо́кам hókam |
хо́каш hókaš |
хо́ка hóka |
хо́каме hókame |
хо́кате hókate |
хо́кат hókat | |
| imperfect | хо́ках hókah |
хо́каше hókaše |
хо́каше hókaše |
хо́кахме hókahme |
хо́кахте hókahte |
хо́каха hókaha | |
| aorist | хо́ках, хока́х1 hókah, hokáh1 |
хо́ка, хока́1 hóka, hoká1 |
хо́ка, хока́1 hóka, hoká1 |
хо́кахме, хока́хме1 hókahme, hokáhme1 |
хо́кахте, хока́хте1 hókahte, hokáhte1 |
хо́каха, хока́ха1 hókaha, hokáha1 | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and хо́кал/хока́л1 m, хо́кала/хока́ла1 f, хо́кало/хока́ло1 n, or хо́кали/хока́ли1 pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and хо́кал/хока́л1 m, хо́кала/хока́ла1 f, хо́кало/хока́ло1 n, or хо́кали/хока́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and хо́кал/хока́л1 m, хо́кала/хока́ла1 f, хо́кало/хока́ло1 n, or хо́кали/хока́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and хо́кал/хока́л1 m, хо́кала/хока́ла1 f, хо́кало/хока́ло1 n, or хо́кали/хока́ли1 pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and хо́кал m, хо́кала f, хо́кало n, or хо́кали pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and хо́кал/хока́л1 m, хо́кала/хока́ла1 f, хо́кало/хока́ло1 n, or хо́кали/хока́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and хо́кал/хока́л1 m, хо́кала/хока́ла1 f, хо́кало/хока́ло1 n, or хо́кали/хока́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and хо́кал/хока́л1 m, хо́кала/хока́ла1 f, хо́кало/хока́ло1 n, or хо́кали/хока́ли1 pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and хо́кал m, хо́кала f, хо́кало n, or хо́кали pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and хо́кал/хока́л1 m, хо́кала/хока́ла1 f, хо́кало/хока́ло1 n, or хо́кали/хока́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and хо́кал/хока́л1 m, хо́кала/хока́ла1 f, хо́кало/хока́ло1 n, or хо́кали/хока́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and хо́кал m, хо́кала f, хо́кало n, or хо́кали pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and хо́кал/хока́л1 m, хо́кала/хока́ла1 f, хо́кало/хока́ло1 n, or хо́кали/хока́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and хо́кал/хока́л1 m, хо́кала/хока́ла1 f, хо́кало/хока́ло1 n, or хо́кали/хока́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and хо́кал/хока́л1 m, хо́кала/хока́ла1 f, хо́кало/хока́ло1 n, or хо́кали/хока́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and хо́кал/хока́л1 m, хо́кала/хока́ла1 f, хо́кало/хока́ло1 n, or хо́кали/хока́ли1 pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| хо́кай hókaj |
хо́кайте hókajte |
||||||
1Dialectally marked.
Derived terms
- ху́квам (húkvam, “to leap off, to dash”) (semelfactive)
- ху́кач (húkač) (agent noun, dialectal)
References
- “хукам”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- “хукам”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
- Nayden Gerov, Тодор Панчев (1904) “ху́камь (ху́квамь, да ху́кнѫ, ху́кнувамь)”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language] (in Bulgarian), volume 5, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 504
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