хаан

Buryat

Alternative scripts
Classical Mongolian ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ
qaɣan
Latin (1931–1936)a kaan
Latin (1937–1939)b xaan
Cyrillic хаан
xaan
a Based on the southern Tsongol–Sartul dialect.
b Based on the eastern Khori dialect.

Noun

хаан • (xaan)

  1. khan; tsar

Declension

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Mongolian

MongolianCyrillic
ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ
(qaɣan)
хаан
(xaan)

Etymology

Inherited from Classical Mongolian ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ (qaɣan), from Middle Mongol ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ (qaɣan). Compare Old Turkic 𐰴𐰍𐰣 (qaɣan), the title of Bumïn Qaγan, founder of the Turkic Khaganate who reigned in 551–552 CE. Clauson considers Mongolic qaɣan to be a Turkic loanword;[1] yet the reverse (Mongolic into Turkic) is equally as likely, as Turks themselves borrowed the title from Rourans.[2] As early as 3rd century CE general Yinalou, of Mongolic-speaking Xianbei ethnicity, had been recorded addressing chief Murong Tuyuhun as 可寒 (Late Han Chinese: *kʰaiBgɑn[3][4]) the earliest attested form of this title, before 可汗 (kèhán).[5]

According to Pulleyblank, the Xiongnu royal title 護于 (OC *ɢʷraːɡs ɢʷa) mentioned in 1st century BCE is an earlier Chinese transcription of the same word.[1] Vovin (2007) accepts the Xiongnu provenance, proposing that both 護于 (OC *ɦwaʔ-ɦwaʰ) and 單于 (OC dar-ɦʷa) stemmed from a Xiongnu root *qa-/ɢa- "great, ruler", which in turn is related to Proto-Yeniseian *qeʔ (big) (Werner 2002.2:58) and *:j/*χʌ:j (ruler, prince) (Vovin's).[6]

Pronunciation

  • Hyphenation: хаан

Noun

хаан • (xaan)

  1. royal or imperial khan; king; monarch ; sovereign ; emperor
    Synonym: эзэн (ezen)
    хаант улсxaant ulskhanate; empire

Declension

  • ханлиг (xanlig)

Adjective

хаан • (xaan)

  1. (attributive) khan; imperial

See also

References

  1. Clauson, Gerard (1972) “xağan:”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 611
  2. Vovin, A. (2007) "Once Again on the Etymology of the Title qaγan" in Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia 12. p. 184-185
  3. Songshu. vol. 96
  4. Schuessler, A. 2007. Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese. p. 275, 271)
  5. Zhou, Weizhou [1985] A History of Tuyuhun. Guilin: Guangxi Normal University Press. →ISBN, pp. 3-6
  6. Vovin, A. (2007) "Once Again on the Etymology of the Title qaγan" in Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia 12. p. 180-185

Yakut

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kiān, compare Dolgan каан.

Noun

хаан • (qaan)

  1. blood

Derived terms

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