пера
Bulgarian
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pьràti.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [pɛˈrɤ]
Verb
пера́ • (perá) first-singular present indicative, impf (perfective пе́рна)
- (originally) to apply friction, to pound one against another
- (transitive, intransitive) to wash, to launder (by hand)
- (transitive, intransitive) to do the laundry (with a machine)
- (colloquial) to pelt, to smack
- (figurative, of precipitation) to rain buckets (to rain heavily)
Conjugation
Conjugation of пера́ (conjugation 1.2, imperfective, transitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | перя́щ perjášt |
прал pral |
перя́л perjál |
пран pran |
пере́йки peréjki | |
| definite subject form | перя́щият perjáštijat |
пра́лият prálijat |
— | пра́ният pránijat | |||
| definite object form | перя́щия perjáštija |
пра́лия prálija |
— | пра́ния pránija | |||
| feminine | indefinite | перя́ща perjášta |
пра́ла prála |
перя́ла perjála |
пра́на prána | ||
| definite | перя́щата perjáštata |
пра́лата prálata |
— | пра́ната pránata | |||
| neuter | indefinite | перя́що perjášto |
пра́ло prálo |
перя́ло perjálo |
пра́но práno |
пране́ prané | |
| definite | перя́щото perjáštoto |
пра́лото práloto |
— | пра́ното pránoto |
пране́то pranéto | ||
| plural | indefinite | перя́щи perjášti |
пра́ли práli |
пере́ли peréli |
пра́ни práni |
пра́ния, пране́та pránija, pranéta | |
| definite | перя́щите perjáštite |
пра́лите prálite |
— | пра́ните pránite |
пра́нията, пране́тата pránijata, pranétata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | пера́ perá |
пере́ш peréš |
пере́ peré |
пере́м perém |
пере́те peréte |
пера́т perát | |
| imperfect | перя́х perjáh |
пере́ше peréše |
пере́ше peréše |
перя́хме perjáhme |
перя́хте perjáhte |
перя́ха perjáha | |
| aorist | прах prah |
пра pra |
пра pra |
пра́хме práhme |
пра́хте práhte |
пра́ха práha | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and прал m, пра́ла f, пра́ло n, or пра́ли pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and прал m, пра́ла f, пра́ло n, or пра́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and прал m, пра́ла f, пра́ло n, or пра́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and прал m, пра́ла f, пра́ло n, or пра́ли pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and перя́л m, перя́ла f, перя́ло n, or пере́ли pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and прал m, пра́ла f, пра́ло n, or пра́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and прал m, пра́ла f, пра́ло n, or пра́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and прал m, пра́ла f, пра́ло n, or пра́ли pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and перя́л m, перя́ла f, перя́ло n, or пере́ли pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and прал m, пра́ла f, пра́ло n, or пра́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and прал m, пра́ла f, пра́ло n, or пра́ли pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and перя́л m, перя́ла f, перя́ло n, or пере́ли pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and прал m, пра́ла f, пра́ло n, or пра́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and прал m, пра́ла f, пра́ло n, or пра́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and прал m, пра́ла f, пра́ло n, or пра́ли pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and прал m, пра́ла f, пра́ло n, or пра́ли pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| пери́ perí |
пере́те peréte |
||||||
Derived terms
- пе́рвам (pérvam), пе́ркам (pérkam) (semelfactive)
- изпера pf (izpera), изпирам impf (izpiram)
- напера pf (napera), напирам impf (napiram) (dialectal)
- опера pf (opera), опирам impf (opiram)
- препера pf (prepera), препирам impf (prepiram)
- пропера pf (propera), пропирам impf (propiram, “to do a round of laundry”) (in manual washing)
- пера́ч m (peráč), пера́чка f (peráčka) (agent nouns)
- пера́ло (perálo), пера́лка (perálka, “laundry bat”) (dialectal)
- пера́лня (perálnja, “washing machine”)
- пера́лище (perálište, “place on a river where one could wash their laundry”) (obsolete)
- пера́тен (peráten, “intended for laundry”)
Related terms
- пера́стя (perástja, “to bash”) (dialectal)
References
- “пера”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- “пера”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
- Nayden Gerov, Тодор Панчев (1901) “пе́рѫ, -ешь; прахъ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language] (in Bulgarian), volume 4, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 25
- Duridanov, I. V., Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (1996), “пера”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 5 (падѐж – пỳска), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 165
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [pɛˈra]
Russian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [pʲɪˈra]
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