мъка
Bulgarian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mǫka (abstract noun), originally meaning “pressure, stress”.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈmɤkɐ]
Noun
мъ́ка • (mǎ́ka) f
- trouble, hardship, struggle, laborious effort (experience)
- с мъка върша нещо ― s mǎka vǎrša nešto ― to do something with a struggle
- с триста мъки (idiom) ― s trista mǎki ― with great difficulty (literally, “with three hundred efforts”)
- throe, agony, anguish, suffering (feeling, sensation)
- творческа мъка ― tvorčeska mǎka ― throes of creation
- родилни мъки ― rodilni mǎki ― pangs of childbirth
- (figurative) sadness, sorrow, depression
- някому е мъка ― njakomu e mǎka ― to feel/experience sadness (literally, “there is stress/hardship onto s.o.”)
Declension
Declension of мъ́ка
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
indefinite | мъ́ка mǎ́ka |
мъ́ки mǎ́ki |
definite | мъ́ката mǎ́kata |
мъ́ките mǎ́kite |
Derived terms
verbs
- (causative-iterative) мъ́ча (mǎ́ča)
- (iterative) мъку́вам (mǎkúvam)
nouns
- (diminutive) мъ́чица (mǎ́čica)
- (abstract noun) мъкота́ (mǎkotá)
- (abstract noun) мъчнина́ (mǎčniná)
- (abstract noun) мъчнота́ (mǎčnotá)
adjectives
- мъ́чен (mǎ́čen)
- мъчнова́т (mǎčnovát)
References
- “мъка”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- “мъка”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
- Nayden Gerov (1899) “мѫ́ка”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 107
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., Duridanov, I. V., editors (1995), “мъка”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 4 (мѝнго² – па̀дам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 381
- “мѫка¹”, in Старобългарски речник [Old Bulgarian Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), https://histdict.uni-sofia.bg, 2011—2024
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