диря

Bulgarian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *diřa (given as *dyřa in Gerov's dictionary).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈdirʲɐ]

Noun

ди́ря • (dírja) f (diminutive ди́рка)

crack, notch (remnant or result of tearing)
trace, trail
хващам/ловя дирята някому ― hvaštam/lovja dirjata njakomu ― to catch/hunt for one's trail
mark, scar, vestige
Куче влачи, диря няма. (idiom)
Kuče vlači, dirja njama.
to avoid responsibilities
(literally, “One drags a dog, [but] there is no trail.”)

Declension

Declension of ди́ря

	singular	plural
indefinite	ди́ря dírja	ди́ри¹ díri¹
definite	ди́рята dírjata	ди́рите¹ dírite¹

¹Rare.

Alternative forms

ди́ра (díra) — a-stem

Derived terms

adverbs

нади́ре (nadíre) (dialectal)
отди́ре (otdíre) (dialectal)
поди́ре (podíre)

References

“диря (същ.)”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
“диря (1)”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
Nayden Gerov (1895) “дꙑ́рꙗ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language]‎ (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 386
Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “диря (същ.)”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 396
“дира”, in Старобългарски речник [Old Bulgarian Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), https://histdict.uni-sofia.bg, 2011—2024

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *diriti. At least partially a causative-iterative of Etymology 1. Stang (followed by Derksen) tentatively considered a possible descend from a r-extension of Proto-Indo-European *deyH- (“to emit, to transcend?”), cognate with Lithuanian dyrė́ti (“to look out, to stare”), Latvian dairîties (“to stare, to gaze at”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈdirʲɐ]

Verb

ди́ря • (dírja) first-singular present indicative, impf

(transitive) to look for, to seek, to explore
(ditransitive, figurative, usually with negative connotation) (+ dative pronoun) to ask for, to dare, to call out
диря си боя / белята (idiomatic)
dirja si boja / beljata
to ask for spanking / trouble
(transitive) to follow a trace, to trail

Conjugation

Conjugation of ди́ря (conjugation 2.1, imperfective, transitive)

participles		present active participle	past active aorist participle	past active imperfect participle	past passive participle	verbal noun	adverbial participle
masculine	indefinite	ди́рещ dírešt	ди́рил, дири́л¹ díril, diríl¹	ди́рел dírel	ди́рен díren		ди́рейки dírejki
	definite subject form	ди́рещият díreštijat	ди́рилият, дири́лият¹ dírilijat, dirílijat¹	—	ди́реният dírenijat
	definite object form	ди́рещия díreštija	ди́рилия, дири́лия¹ dírilija, dirílija¹	—	ди́рения dírenija
feminine	indefinite	ди́реща dírešta	ди́рила, дири́ла¹ dírila, diríla¹	ди́рела dírela	ди́рена dírena
feminine	definite	ди́рещата díreštata	ди́рилата, дири́лата¹ dírilata, dirílata¹	—	ди́рената dírenata
neuter	indefinite	ди́рещо dírešto	ди́рило, дири́ло¹ dírilo, dirílo¹	ди́рело dírelo	ди́рено díreno	ди́рене dírene
neuter	definite	ди́рещото díreštoto	ди́рилото, дири́лото¹ díriloto, diríloto¹	—	ди́реното dírenoto	ди́ренето díreneto
plural	indefinite	ди́рещи dírešti	ди́рили, дири́ли¹ dírili, diríli¹	ди́рели díreli	ди́рени díreni	ди́рения, ди́ренета dírenija, díreneta
plural	definite	ди́рещите díreštite	ди́рилите, дири́лите¹ dírilite, dirílite¹	—	ди́рените dírenite	ди́ренията, ди́ренетата dírenijata, dírenetata

person		singular			plural
person		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present		ди́ря dírja	ди́риш díriš	ди́ри díri	ди́рим dírim	ди́рите dírite	ди́рят dírjat
imperfect		ди́рех díreh	ди́реше díreše	ди́реше díreše	ди́рехме dírehme	ди́рехте dírehte	ди́реха díreha
aorist		ди́рих, дири́х¹ dírih, diríh¹	ди́ри, дири́¹ díri, dirí¹	ди́ри, дири́¹ díri, dirí¹	ди́рихме, дири́хме¹ dírihme, diríhme¹	ди́рихте, дири́хте¹ dírihte, diríhte¹	ди́риха, дири́ха¹ díriha, diríha¹
future	pos.	Use ще followed by the present indicative tense
future	neg.	Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense
future in the past	pos.	Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
future in the past	neg.	Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense
present perfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and ди́рил/дири́л¹ m, ди́рила/дири́ла¹ f, ди́рило/дири́ло¹ n, or ди́рили/дири́ли¹ pl
past perfect		Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and ди́рил/дири́л¹ m, ди́рила/дири́ла¹ f, ди́рило/дири́ло¹ n, or ди́рили/дири́ли¹ pl
future perfect		Use the future indicative tense of съм and ди́рил/дири́л¹ m, ди́рила/дири́ла¹ f, ди́рило/дири́ло¹ n, or ди́рили/дири́ли¹ pl
future perfect in the past		Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and ди́рил/дири́л¹ m, ди́рила/дири́ла¹ f, ди́рило/дири́ло¹ n, or ди́рили/дири́ли¹ pl
renarrative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ди́рел m, ди́рела f, ди́рело n, or ди́рели pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ди́рил/дири́л¹ m, ди́рила/дири́ла¹ f, ди́рило/дири́ло¹ n, or ди́рили/дири́ли¹ pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
future and future in the past	neg.	Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ди́рил/дири́л¹ m, ди́рила/дири́ла¹ f, ди́рило/дири́ло¹ n, or ди́рили/дири́ли¹ pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and ди́рил/дири́л¹ m, ди́рила/дири́ла¹ f, ди́рило/дири́ло¹ n, or ди́рили/дири́ли¹ pl
dubitative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ди́рел m, ди́рела f, ди́рело n, or ди́рели pl
aorist		Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and ди́рил/дири́л¹ m, ди́рила/дири́ла¹ f, ди́рило/дири́ло¹ n, or ди́рили/дири́ли¹ pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
future and future in the past	neg.	Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		none
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and ди́рил/дири́л¹ m, ди́рила/дири́ла¹ f, ди́рило/дири́ло¹ n, or ди́рили/дири́ли¹ pl
conclusive		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and ди́рел m, ди́рела f, ди́рело n, or ди́рели pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм and ди́рил/дири́л¹ m, ди́рила/дири́ла¹ f, ди́рило/дири́ло¹ n, or ди́рили/дири́ли¹ pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
future and future in the past	neg.	Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and ди́рил/дири́л¹ m, ди́рила/дири́ла¹ f, ди́рило/дири́ло¹ n, or ди́рили/дири́ли¹ pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and ди́рил/дири́л¹ m, ди́рила/дири́ла¹ f, ди́рило/дири́ло¹ n, or ди́рили/дири́ли¹ pl
conditional		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
conditional		Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and ди́рил/дири́л¹ m, ди́рила/дири́ла¹ f, ди́рило/дири́ло¹ n, or ди́рили/дири́ли¹ pl
imperative		-	ти	-	-	вие	-
imperative			дири́ dirí			дире́те diréte

¹Dialectally marked.

Derived terms

verbs

доди́ря pf (dodírja), доди́рвам impf (dodírvam), доди́рям impf (dodírjam)
зади́ря pf (zadírja), зади́рвам impf (zadírvam), зади́рям impf (zadírjam)
изди́ря pf (izdírja), изди́рвам impf (izdírvam), изди́рям impf (izdírjam)
преди́ря pf (predírja), преди́рвам impf (predírvam), преди́рям impf (predírjam)
приди́ря pf (pridírja), приди́рвам impf (pridírvam), приди́рям impf (pridírjam)
разди́ря pf (razdírja), разди́рвам impf (razdírvam), разди́рям impf (razdírjam)

nouns

ди́рба (dírba)
ди́рка (dírka)
ди́рник m (dírnik)
ди́рница f (dírnica)
диру́га (dirúga, “groove”)

References

“диря (гл.)”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
“диря (2)”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
Nayden Gerov (1895) “дꙑ́рѭ, -ишь; -ри́лъ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language]‎ (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 386
Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “диря (гл.)”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 396

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