χρίω
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *gʰrey- (“to smear”), extended from *gʰer- (“to rub”). Cognate with English grime, Sanskrit घृ (ghṛ). See χρῶμα (khrôma).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /kʰrǐː.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈkʰri.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈxri.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈxri.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈxri.o/
Verb
χρῑ́ω • (khrī́ō)
- to smear with [+dative = something], rub [+dative = something] on something; to anoint with olive oil
- (middle voice) to anoint oneself, usually with olive oil
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 6.97–98:
- αἱ δὲ λοεσσάμεναι καὶ χρīσάμεναι λίπ’ ἐλαίῳ
δεῖπνον ἔπειθ’ εἵλοντο παρ’ ὄχθῃσιν ποταμοῖο,- hai dè loessámenai kaì khrīsámenai líp’ elaíōi
deîpnon épeith’ heílonto par’ ókhthēisin potamoîo, - After they bathed and anointed themselves richly with olive oil,
they then took lunch on the banks of the river,
- hai dè loessámenai kaì khrīsámenai líp’ elaíōi
- αἱ δὲ λοεσσάμεναι καὶ χρīσάμεναι λίπ’ ἐλαίῳ
- (biblical, in the Septuagint) to anoint someone ceremonially to consecrate them as king, priest, etc.
Inflection
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | χρῑ́ω | χρῑ́εις | χρῑ́ει | χρῑ́ετον | χρῑ́ετον | χρῑ́ομεν | χρῑ́ετε | χρῑ́ουσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | χρῑ́ω | χρῑ́ῃς | χρῑ́ῃ | χρῑ́ητον | χρῑ́ητον | χρῑ́ωμεν | χρῑ́ητε | χρῑ́ωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | χρῑ́οιμῐ | χρῑ́οις | χρῑ́οι | χρῑ́οιτον | χρῑοίτην | χρῑ́οιμεν | χρῑ́οιτε | χρῑ́οιεν | |||||
imperative | χρῖε | χρῑέτω | χρῑ́ετον | χρῑέτων | χρῑ́ετε | χρῑόντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | χρῑ́ομαι | χρῑ́ῃ, χρῑ́ει |
χρῑ́εται | χρῑ́εσθον | χρῑ́εσθον | χρῑόμεθᾰ | χρῑ́εσθε | χρῑ́ονται | ||||
subjunctive | χρῑ́ωμαι | χρῑ́ῃ | χρῑ́ηται | χρῑ́ησθον | χρῑ́ησθον | χρῑώμεθᾰ | χρῑ́ησθε | χρῑ́ωνται | |||||
optative | χρῑοίμην | χρῑ́οιο | χρῑ́οιτο | χρῑ́οισθον | χρῑοίσθην | χρῑοίμεθᾰ | χρῑ́οισθε | χρῑ́οιντο | |||||
imperative | χρῑ́ου | χρῑέσθω | χρῑ́εσθον | χρῑέσθων | χρῑ́εσθε | χρῑέσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | χρῑ́ειν | χρῑ́εσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | χρῑ́ων | χρῑόμενος | ||||||||||
f | χρῑ́ουσᾰ | χρῑομένη | |||||||||||
n | χρῖον | χρῑόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Imperfect: ἔχρῑον, ἐχρῑόμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔχρῑον | ἔχρῑες | ἔχρῑε(ν) | ἐχρῑ́ετον | ἐχρῑέτην | ἐχρῑ́ομεν | ἐχρῑ́ετε | ἔχρῑον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐχρῑόμην | ἐχρῑ́ου | ἐχρῑ́ετο | ἐχρῑ́εσθον | ἐχρῑέσθην | ἐχρῑόμεθᾰ | ἐχρῑ́εσθε | ἐχρῑ́οντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | χρῖον | χρῖες | χρῖε(ν) | χρῑ́ετον | χρῑέτην | χρῑ́ομεν | χρῑ́ετε | χρῖον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | χρῑόμην | χρῑ́ου | χρῑ́ετο | χρῑ́εσθον | χρῑέσθην | χρῑόμε(σ)θᾰ | χρῑ́εσθε | χρῑ́οντο | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Future: χρῑ́σω, χρῑ́σομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | χρῑ́σω | χρῑ́σεις | χρῑ́σει | χρῑ́σετον | χρῑ́σετον | χρῑ́σομεν | χρῑ́σετε | χρῑ́σουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | χρῑ́σοιμῐ | χρῑ́σοις | χρῑ́σοι | χρῑ́σοιτον | χρῑσοίτην | χρῑ́σοιμεν | χρῑ́σοιτε | χρῑ́σοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | χρῑ́σομαι | χρῑ́σῃ, χρῑ́σει |
χρῑ́σεται | χρῑ́σεσθον | χρῑ́σεσθον | χρῑσόμεθᾰ | χρῑ́σεσθε | χρῑ́σονται | ||||
optative | χρῑσοίμην | χρῑ́σοιο | χρῑ́σοιτο | χρῑ́σοισθον | χρῑσοίσθην | χρῑσοίμεθᾰ | χρῑ́σοισθε | χρῑ́σοιντο | |||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | χρῑ́σειν | χρῑ́σεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | χρῑ́σων | χρῑσόμενος | ||||||||||
f | χρῑ́σουσᾰ | χρῑσομένη | |||||||||||
n | χρῖσον | χρῑσόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Aorist: ἔχρῑσᾰ, ἐχρῑσᾰ́μην, ἐχρῑ́σθην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔχρῑσᾰ | ἔχρῑσᾰς | ἔχρῑσε(ν) | ἐχρῑ́σᾰτον | ἐχρῑσᾰ́την | ἐχρῑ́σᾰμεν | ἐχρῑ́σᾰτε | ἔχρῑσᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | χρῑ́σω | χρῑ́σῃς | χρῑ́σῃ | χρῑ́σητον | χρῑ́σητον | χρῑ́σωμεν | χρῑ́σητε | χρῑ́σωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | χρῑ́σαιμῐ | χρῑ́σειᾰς, χρῑ́σαις |
χρῑ́σειε(ν), χρῑ́σαι |
χρῑ́σαιτον | χρῑσαίτην | χρῑ́σαιμεν | χρῑ́σαιτε | χρῑ́σειᾰν, χρῑ́σαιεν | |||||
imperative | χρῖσον | χρῑσᾰ́τω | χρῑ́σᾰτον | χρῑσᾰ́των | χρῑ́σᾰτε | χρῑσᾰ́ντων | |||||||
middle | indicative | ἐχρῑσᾰ́μην | ἐχρῑ́σω | ἐχρῑ́σᾰτο | ἐχρῑ́σᾰσθον | ἐχρῑσᾰ́σθην | ἐχρῑσᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἐχρῑ́σᾰσθε | ἐχρῑ́σᾰντο | ||||
subjunctive | χρῑ́σωμαι | χρῑ́σῃ | χρῑ́σηται | χρῑ́σησθον | χρῑ́σησθον | χρῑσώμεθᾰ | χρῑ́σησθε | χρῑ́σωνται | |||||
optative | χρῑσαίμην | χρῑ́σαιο | χρῑ́σαιτο | χρῑ́σαισθον | χρῑσαίσθην | χρῑσαίμεθᾰ | χρῑ́σαισθε | χρῑ́σαιντο | |||||
imperative | χρῖσαι | χρῑσᾰ́σθω | χρῑ́σᾰσθον | χρῑσᾰ́σθων | χρῑ́σᾰσθε | χρῑσᾰ́σθων | |||||||
passive | indicative | ἐχρῑ́σθην | ἐχρῑ́σθης | ἐχρῑ́σθη | ἐχρῑ́σθητον | ἐχρῑσθήτην | ἐχρῑ́σθημεν | ἐχρῑ́σθητε | ἐχρῑ́σθησᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | χρῑσθῶ | χρῑσθῇς | χρῑσθῇ | χρῑσθῆτον | χρῑσθῆτον | χρῑσθῶμεν | χρῑσθῆτε | χρῑσθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | χρῑσθείην | χρῑσθείης | χρῑσθείη | χρῑσθεῖτον, χρῑσθείητον |
χρῑσθείτην, χρῑσθειήτην |
χρῑσθεῖμεν, χρῑσθείημεν |
χρῑσθεῖτε, χρῑσθείητε |
χρῑσθεῖεν, χρῑσθείησᾰν | |||||
imperative | χρῑ́σθητῐ | χρῑσθήτω | χρῑ́σθητον | χρῑσθήτων | χρῑ́σθητε | χρῑσθέντων | |||||||
active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
infinitive | χρῖσαι | χρῑ́σᾰσθαι | χρῑσθῆναι | ||||||||||
participle | m | χρῑ́σᾱς | χρῑσᾰ́μενος | χρῑσθείς | |||||||||
f | χρῑ́σᾱσᾰ | χρῑσᾰμένη | χρῑσθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||
n | χρῖσᾰν | χρῑσᾰ́μενον | χρῑσθέν | ||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | χρῖσᾰ | χρῖσᾰς | χρῖσε(ν) | χρῑ́σᾰτον | χρῑσᾰ́την | χρῑ́σᾰμεν | χρῑ́σᾰτε | χρῖσᾰν | ||||
middle | indicative | χρῑσᾰ́μην | χρῑ́σᾰο | χρῑ́σᾰτο | χρῑ́σᾰσθον | χρῑσᾰ́σθην | χρῑσᾰ́με(σ)θᾰ | χρῑ́σᾰσθε | χρῑ́σᾰντο | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Perfect: κέχρῑκᾰ, κέχρῑμαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | κέχρῑκᾰ | κέχρῑκᾰς | κέχρῑκε(ν) | κεχρῑ́κᾰτον | κεχρῑ́κᾰτον | κεχρῑ́κᾰμεν | κεχρῑ́κᾰτε | κεχρῑ́κᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | κεχρῑ́κω | κεχρῑ́κῃς | κεχρῑ́κῃ | κεχρῑ́κητον | κεχρῑ́κητον | κεχρῑ́κωμεν | κεχρῑ́κητε | κεχρῑ́κωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | κεχρῑ́κοιμῐ, κεχρῑκοίην |
κεχρῑ́κοις, κεχρῑκοίης |
κεχρῑ́κοι, κεχρῑκοίη |
κεχρῑ́κοιτον | κεχρῑκοίτην | κεχρῑ́κοιμεν | κεχρῑ́κοιτε | κεχρῑ́κοιεν | |||||
imperative | κέχρῑκε | κεχρῑκέτω | κεχρῑ́κετον | κεχρῑκέτων | κεχρῑ́κετε | κεχρῑκόντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | κέχρῑμαι | κέχρῑσαι | κέχρῑται | κέχρῑσθον | κέχρῑσθον | κεχρῑ́μεθᾰ | κέχρῑσθε | κέχρῑνται | ||||
subjunctive | κεχρῑμένος ὦ | κεχρῑμένος ᾖς | κεχρῑμένος ᾖ | κεχρῑμένω ἦτον | κεχρῑμένω ἦτον | κεχρῑμένοι ὦμεν | κεχρῑμένοι ἦτε | κεχρῑμένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | κεχρῑμένος εἴην | κεχρῑμένος εἴης | κεχρῑμένος εἴη | κεχρῑμένω εἴητον/εἶτον | κεχρῑμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην | κεχρῑμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν | κεχρῑμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε | κεχρῑμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν | |||||
imperative | κέχρῑσο | κεχρῑ́σθω | κέχρῑσθον | κεχρῑ́σθων | κέχρῑσθε | κεχρῑ́σθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | κεχρῑκέναι | κεχρῖσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | κεχρῑκώς | κεχρῑμένος | ||||||||||
f | κεχρῑκυῖᾰ | κεχρῑμένη | |||||||||||
n | κεχρῑκός | κεχρῑμένον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Perfect: κέχρῑσμαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | κέχρῑσμαι | κέχρῑσαι | κέχρῑσται | κέχρῑσθον | κέχρῑσθον | κεχρῑ́σμεθᾰ | κέχρῑσθε | κεχρῑ́σᾰται | ||||
subjunctive | κεχρῑσμένος ὦ | κεχρῑσμένος ᾖς | κεχρῑσμένος ᾖ | κεχρῑσμένω ἦτον | κεχρῑσμένω ἦτον | κεχρῑσμένοι ὦμεν | κεχρῑσμένοι ἦτε | κεχρῑσμένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | κεχρῑσμένος εἴην | κεχρῑσμένος εἴης | κεχρῑσμένος εἴη | κεχρῑσμένω εἴητον/εἶτον | κεχρῑσμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην | κεχρῑσμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν | κεχρῑσμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε | κεχρῑσμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν | |||||
imperative | κέχρῑσο | κεχρῑ́σθω | κέχρῑσθον | κεχρῑ́σθων | κέχρῑσθε | κεχρῑ́σθων | |||||||
middle/passive | |||||||||||||
infinitive | κεχρῖσθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | κεχρῑσμένος | |||||||||||
f | κεχρῑσμένη | ||||||||||||
n | κεχρῑσμένον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Pluperfect: ἐκεχρῑ́μην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐκεχρῑ́μην | ἐκέχρῑσο | ἐκέχρῑτο | ἐκέχρῑσθον | ἐκεχρῑ́σθην | ἐκεχρῑ́μεθᾰ | ἐκέχρῑσθε | ἐκέχρῑντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Synonyms
- (anoint, anoint oneself): ἀλείφω (aleíphō)
See also
- ἔλαιον (élaion)
References
- “χρίω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “χρίω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “χρίω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- χρίω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “χρίω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G5548 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 457
Greek
Etymology
From Ancient Greek χρῑ́ω (khrī́ō).
Conjugation
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
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