χρή
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“to yearn”). Originally probably a neuter noun in plural, but used always as a verbal expression by omission of copula ἐστί or "crasis" of χρὴ with it.
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /kʰrɛ̌ː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /kʰre̝/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /xri/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /xri/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /xri/
Verb
χρή • (khrḗ)
- (impersonal, expressing necessity) have to, ought, should (with accusative of person and present or aorist infinitive)
Inflection
- Present indicative: χρή (khrḗ) (from χρή ἐστι)
- Present infinitive: χρῆναι (khrênai) (from χρὴ εἶναι)
- Imperfect indicative: ἐχρῆν (ekhrên), and originally χρῆν (khrên) (from χρὴ ἦν).
- Present subjuntive: χρῇ (khrêi) (from χρὴ ᾖ).
- Present optative: χρείη (khreíē) (from χρὴ εἴη).
- Present participle, mostly as noun: χρεών (khreṓn) (from χρὴ ὄν > χρηόν > χρεών: transfer of vowel quantity).
- Future indicative: χρήσει (khrḗsei) and originally χρήσται (khrḗstai) (from χρὴ ἔσται, which in some codexes is sometimes erroneously written χρῆσται and even χρῆσθαι).
Related terms
References
- “χρή”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “χρή”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “χρή”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- χρή in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “χρή”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G5534 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
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