φθάνω
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰh₂- (“to come near, nearly reach, pass”).[1] Cognate with Sanskrit धग्नु (dhagnu).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pʰtʰá.nɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈpʰtʰa.no/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈɸθa.no/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈfθa.no/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈfθa.no/
Verb
φθάνω • (phthánō)
- (transitive, intransitive) to come or do, first or before others
- (transitive) to be beforehand with, overtake, anticipate (with accusative person)
- (intransitive) to come or act first
Conjugation
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | φθᾰ́νω | φθᾰ́νεις | φθᾰ́νει | φθᾰ́νετον | φθᾰ́νετον | φθᾰ́νομεν | φθᾰ́νετε | φθᾰ́νουσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | φθᾰ́νω | φθᾰ́νῃς | φθᾰ́νῃ | φθᾰ́νητον | φθᾰ́νητον | φθᾰ́νωμεν | φθᾰ́νητε | φθᾰ́νωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | φθᾰ́νοιμῐ | φθᾰ́νοις | φθᾰ́νοι | φθᾰ́νοιτον | φθᾰνοίτην | φθᾰ́νοιμεν | φθᾰ́νοιτε | φθᾰ́νοιεν | |||||
imperative | φθᾰ́νε | φθᾰνέτω | φθᾰ́νετον | φθᾰνέτων | φθᾰ́νετε | φθᾰνόντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | φθᾰ́νομαι | φθᾰ́νῃ, φθᾰ́νει |
φθᾰ́νεται | φθᾰ́νεσθον | φθᾰ́νεσθον | φθᾰνόμεθᾰ | φθᾰ́νεσθε | φθᾰ́νονται | ||||
subjunctive | φθᾰ́νωμαι | φθᾰ́νῃ | φθᾰ́νηται | φθᾰ́νησθον | φθᾰ́νησθον | φθᾰνώμεθᾰ | φθᾰ́νησθε | φθᾰ́νωνται | |||||
optative | φθᾰνοίμην | φθᾰ́νοιο | φθᾰ́νοιτο | φθᾰ́νοισθον | φθᾰνοίσθην | φθᾰνοίμεθᾰ | φθᾰ́νοισθε | φθᾰ́νοιντο | |||||
imperative | φθᾰ́νου | φθᾰνέσθω | φθᾰ́νεσθον | φθᾰνέσθων | φθᾰ́νεσθε | φθᾰνέσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | φθᾰ́νειν | φθᾰ́νεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | φθᾰ́νων | φθᾰνόμενος | ||||||||||
f | φθᾰ́νουσᾰ | φθᾰνομένη | |||||||||||
n | φθᾰ́νον | φθᾰνόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Imperfect: ἔφθᾰνον, ἐφθᾰνόμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔφθᾰνον | ἔφθᾰνες | ἔφθᾰνε(ν) | ἐφθᾰ́νετον | ἐφθᾰνέτην | ἐφθᾰ́νομεν | ἐφθᾰ́νετε | ἔφθᾰνον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐφθᾰνόμην | ἐφθᾰ́νου | ἐφθᾰ́νετο | ἐφθᾰ́νεσθον | ἐφθᾰνέσθην | ἐφθᾰνόμεθᾰ | ἐφθᾰ́νεσθε | ἐφθᾰ́νοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Future: φθήσομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle | indicative | φθήσομαι | φθήσῃ, φθήσει |
φθήσεται | φθήσεσθον | φθήσεσθον | φθησόμεθᾰ | φθήσεσθε | φθήσονται | ||||
optative | φθησοίμην | φθήσοιο | φθήσοιτο | φθήσοισθον | φθησοίσθην | φθησοίμεθᾰ | φθήσοισθε | φθήσοιντο | |||||
middle | |||||||||||||
infinitive | φθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | φθησόμενος | |||||||||||
f | φθησομένη | ||||||||||||
n | φθησόμενον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔφθᾰσᾰ | ἔφθᾰσᾰς | ἔφθᾰσε(ν) | ἐφθᾰ́σᾰτον | ἐφθᾰσᾰ́την | ἐφθᾰ́σᾰμεν | ἐφθᾰ́σᾰτε | ἔφθᾰσᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | φθᾰ́σω | φθᾰ́σῃς | φθᾰ́σῃ | φθᾰ́σητον | φθᾰ́σητον | φθᾰ́σωμεν | φθᾰ́σητε | φθᾰ́σωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | φθᾰ́σαιμῐ | φθᾰ́σειᾰς, φθᾰ́σαις |
φθᾰ́σειε(ν), φθᾰ́σαι |
φθᾰ́σαιτον | φθᾰσαίτην | φθᾰ́σαιμεν | φθᾰ́σαιτε | φθᾰ́σειᾰν, φθᾰ́σαιεν | |||||
imperative | φθᾰ́σον | φθᾰσᾰ́τω | φθᾰ́σᾰτον | φθᾰσᾰ́των | φθᾰ́σᾰτε | φθᾰσᾰ́ντων | |||||||
middle | indicative | ἐφθᾰσᾰ́μην | ἐφθᾰ́σω | ἐφθᾰ́σᾰτο | ἐφθᾰ́σᾰσθον | ἐφθᾰσᾰ́σθην | ἐφθᾰσᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἐφθᾰ́σᾰσθε | ἐφθᾰ́σᾰντο | ||||
subjunctive | φθᾰ́σωμαι | φθᾰ́σῃ | φθᾰ́σηται | φθᾰ́σησθον | φθᾰ́σησθον | φθᾰσώμεθᾰ | φθᾰ́σησθε | φθᾰ́σωνται | |||||
optative | φθᾰσαίμην | φθᾰ́σαιο | φθᾰ́σαιτο | φθᾰ́σαισθον | φθᾰσαίσθην | φθᾰσαίμεθᾰ | φθᾰ́σαισθε | φθᾰ́σαιντο | |||||
imperative | φθᾰ́σαι | φθᾰσᾰ́σθω | φθᾰ́σᾰσθον | φθᾰσᾰ́σθων | φθᾰ́σᾰσθε | φθᾰσᾰ́σθων | |||||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | φθᾰ́σαι | φθᾰ́σᾰσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | φθᾰ́σᾱς | φθᾰσᾰ́μενος | ||||||||||
f | φθᾰ́σᾱσᾰ | φθᾰσᾰμένη | |||||||||||
n | φθᾰ́σᾰν | φθᾰσᾰ́μενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Aorist: ἔφθην, ἐφθᾰ́μην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔφθην | ἔφθης | ἔφθη | ἔφθητον | ἐφθήτην | ἔφθημεν | ἔφθητε | ἔφθησᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | φθῶ | φθῇς | φθῇ | φθῆτον | φθῆτον | φθῶμεν | φθῆτε | φθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | φθαίην | φθαίης | φθαίη | φθαῖτον, φθαίητον |
φθαίτην, φθαιήτην |
φθαῖμεν, φθαίημεν |
φθαῖτε, φθαίητε |
φθαῖεν, φθαίησᾰν | |||||
imperative | φθῆθῐ | φθήτω | φθῆτον | φθήτων | φθῆτε | φθᾰ́ντων | |||||||
middle | indicative | ἐφθᾰ́μην | ἔφθω | ἔφθᾰτο | ἔφθᾰσθον | ἐφθᾰ́σθην | ἐφθᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἔφθᾰσθε | ἔφθᾰντο | ||||
subjunctive | φθῶμαι | φθῇ | φθῆται | φθῆσθον | φθῆσθον | φθώμεθᾰ | φθῆσθε | φθῶνται | |||||
optative | φθαίμην | φθαῖο | φθαῖτο | φθαῖσθον | φθαίσθην | φθαίμεθᾰ | φθαῖσθε | φθαῖντο | |||||
imperative | φθῶ | φθᾰ́σθω | φθᾰ́σθον | φθᾰ́σθων | φθᾰ́σθε | φθᾰ́σθων | |||||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | φθῆναι | φθᾰ́σθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | φθᾱ́ς | φθᾰ́μενος | ||||||||||
f | φθᾶσᾰ | φθᾰμένη | |||||||||||
n | φθᾰ́ν | φθᾰ́μενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Perfect: ἔφθᾰκᾰ
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔφθᾰκᾰ | ἔφθᾰκᾰς | ἔφθᾰκε(ν) | ἐφθᾰ́κᾰτον | ἐφθᾰ́κᾰτον | ἐφθᾰ́κᾰμεν | ἐφθᾰ́κᾰτε | ἐφθᾰ́κᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | ἐφθᾰ́κω | ἐφθᾰ́κῃς | ἐφθᾰ́κῃ | ἐφθᾰ́κητον | ἐφθᾰ́κητον | ἐφθᾰ́κωμεν | ἐφθᾰ́κητε | ἐφθᾰ́κωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ἐφθᾰ́κοιμῐ, ἐφθᾰκοίην |
ἐφθᾰ́κοις, ἐφθᾰκοίης |
ἐφθᾰ́κοι, ἐφθᾰκοίη |
ἐφθᾰ́κοιτον | ἐφθᾰκοίτην | ἐφθᾰ́κοιμεν | ἐφθᾰ́κοιτε | ἐφθᾰ́κοιεν | |||||
imperative | ἔφθᾰκε | ἐφθᾰκέτω | ἐφθᾰ́κετον | ἐφθᾰκέτων | ἐφθᾰ́κετε | ἐφθᾰκόντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | ἐφθᾰκέναι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | ἐφθᾰκώς | |||||||||||
f | ἐφθᾰκυῖᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | ἐφθᾰκός | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Descendants
- Greek: φτάνω (ftáno)
References
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1568
Further reading
- “φθάνω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “φθάνω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “φθάνω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- φθάνω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- φθάνω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “φθάνω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G5348 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
Greek
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈfθa.no/
- Hyphenation: φθά‧νω
Conjugation
φθάνω (active forms only plus passive perfect participle)
Active voice ➤ | ||||
Indicative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect ➤ | Perfective aspect ➤ | ||
Non-past tenses ➤ | Present ➤ | Dependent ➤ | ||
1 sg | φθάνω | φθάσω | ||
2 sg | φθάνεις | φθάσεις | ||
3 sg | φθάνει | φθάσει | ||
1 pl | φθάνουμε, [‑ομε] | φθάσουμε, [‑ομε] | ||
2 pl | φθάνετε | φθάσετε | ||
3 pl | φθάνουν(ε) | φθάσουν(ε) | ||
Past tenses ➤ | Imperfect ➤ | Simple past ➤ | ||
1 sg | έφθανα | έφθασα | ||
2 sg | έφθανες | έφθασες | ||
3 sg | έφθανε | έφθασε | ||
1 pl | φθάναμε | φθάσαμε | ||
2 pl | φθάνατε | φθάσατε | ||
3 pl | έφθαναν, φθάναν(ε) | έφθασαν, φθάσαν(ε) | ||
Future tenses ➤ | Continuous ➤ | Simple ➤ | ||
1 sg | θα φθάνω ➤ | θα φθάσω ➤ | ||
2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl | θα φθάνεις, … | θα φθάσεις, … | ||
Perfect aspect ➤ | ||||
Present perfect ➤ | έχω, έχεις, … φθάσει | είμαι, είσαι, … φθασμένος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ (also passive voice) | ||
Past perfect ➤ | είχα, είχες, … φθάσει | ήμουν, ήσουν, … φθασμένος, ‑η, ‑ο | ||
Future perfect ➤ | θα έχω, θα έχεις, … φθάσει | θα είμαι, θα είσαι, … φθασμένος, ‑η, ‑ο | ||
Subjunctive mood ➤ | Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας). | |||
Imperative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect | ||
2 sg | φθάνε | φθάσε | ||
2 pl | φθάνετε | φθάστε | ||
Other forms | ||||
Active present participle ➤ | φθάνοντας ➤ | |||
Active perfect participle ➤ | έχοντας φθάσει ➤ | |||
Passive perfect participle ➤ | φθασμένος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ | |||
Nonfinite form ➤ | φθάσει | |||
Notes Appendix:Greek verbs |
• (…) optional or informal. […] rare. {…} learned, archaic. • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency. • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive. | |||
Derived terms
- καταφθάνω (kataftháno)
Related terms
- προφθάνω (proftháno)
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