σκάλλω
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to split, separate”). The verb has generally been connected to Old Armenian ցելում (cʻelum, “to split, tear”) Hittite 𒅖𒆗𒆷𒄿 (iškalla, “to tear apart, slit open”) and Lithuanian skélti (“to split”). The geminate -λλ- seems to go back to either *σκάλ-ιω (*skál-iō) (as in Lithuanian skiliù (“to strike fire”)), or *σκάλ-νω (*skál-nō), with a nasal present like Lithuanian skilù (“to split off, separate oneself”), Old Armenian քաղեմ (kʻałem, “to pluck, weed, mow, harvest”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /skál.lɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈskal.lo/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈskal.lo/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈskal.lo/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈska.lo/
Inflection
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | σκᾰ́λλω | σκᾰ́λλεις | σκᾰ́λλει | σκᾰ́λλετον | σκᾰ́λλετον | σκᾰ́λλομεν | σκᾰ́λλετε | σκᾰ́λλουσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | σκᾰ́λλω | σκᾰ́λλῃς | σκᾰ́λλῃ | σκᾰ́λλητον | σκᾰ́λλητον | σκᾰ́λλωμεν | σκᾰ́λλητε | σκᾰ́λλωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | σκᾰ́λλοιμῐ | σκᾰ́λλοις | σκᾰ́λλοι | σκᾰ́λλοιτον | σκᾰλλοίτην | σκᾰ́λλοιμεν | σκᾰ́λλοιτε | σκᾰ́λλοιεν | |||||
imperative | σκᾰ́λλε | σκᾰλλέτω | σκᾰ́λλετον | σκᾰλλέτων | σκᾰ́λλετε | σκᾰλλόντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | σκᾰ́λλομαι | σκᾰ́λλῃ, σκᾰ́λλει |
σκᾰ́λλεται | σκᾰ́λλεσθον | σκᾰ́λλεσθον | σκᾰλλόμεθᾰ | σκᾰ́λλεσθε | σκᾰ́λλονται | ||||
subjunctive | σκᾰ́λλωμαι | σκᾰ́λλῃ | σκᾰ́λληται | σκᾰ́λλησθον | σκᾰ́λλησθον | σκᾰλλώμεθᾰ | σκᾰ́λλησθε | σκᾰ́λλωνται | |||||
optative | σκᾰλλοίμην | σκᾰ́λλοιο | σκᾰ́λλοιτο | σκᾰ́λλοισθον | σκᾰλλοίσθην | σκᾰλλοίμεθᾰ | σκᾰ́λλοισθε | σκᾰ́λλοιντο | |||||
imperative | σκᾰ́λλου | σκᾰλλέσθω | σκᾰ́λλεσθον | σκᾰλλέσθων | σκᾰ́λλεσθε | σκᾰλλέσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | σκᾰ́λλειν | σκᾰ́λλεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | σκᾰ́λλων | σκᾰλλόμενος | ||||||||||
f | σκᾰ́λλουσᾰ | σκᾰλλομένη | |||||||||||
n | σκᾰ́λλον | σκᾰλλόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Imperfect: ἔσκᾰλλον, ἐσκᾰλλόμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔσκᾰλλον | ἔσκᾰλλες | ἔσκᾰλλε(ν) | ἐσκᾰ́λλετον | ἐσκᾰλλέτην | ἐσκᾰ́λλομεν | ἐσκᾰ́λλετε | ἔσκᾰλλον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐσκᾰλλόμην | ἐσκᾰ́λλου | ἐσκᾰ́λλετο | ἐσκᾰ́λλεσθον | ἐσκᾰλλέσθην | ἐσκᾰλλόμεθᾰ | ἐσκᾰ́λλεσθε | ἐσκᾰ́λλοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Derived terms
Further reading
- “σκάλλω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “σκάλλω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- σκάλλω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.