πωλέω
Ancient Greek
Etymology
Uncertain. Could be from a Proto-Indo-European *pel-, *pl̥n-, with cognates including Sanskrit पणते (páṇate, “to barter, negotiate”), Lithuanian pelnas and Old Norse falr. However, could also be related to ἐμπολή (empolḗ, “trade, purchase”) or πέλω (pélō, “I move, am”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pɔː.lé.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /poˈle.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /poˈle.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /poˈle.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /poˈle.o/
Inflection
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | πωλέω | πωλέεις | πωλέει | πωλέετον | πωλέετον | πωλέομεν | πωλέετε | πωλέουσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | πωλέω | πωλέῃς | πωλέῃ | πωλέητον | πωλέητον | πωλέωμεν | πωλέητε | πωλέωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | πωλέοιμῐ | πωλέοις | πωλέοι | πωλέοιτον | πωλεοίτην | πωλέοιμεν | πωλέοιτε | πωλέοιεν | |||||
imperative | πώλεε | πωλεέτω | πωλέετον | πωλεέτων | πωλέετε | πωλεόντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | πωλέομαι | πωλέῃ, πωλέει |
πωλέεται | πωλέεσθον | πωλέεσθον | πωλεόμεθᾰ | πωλέεσθε | πωλέονται | ||||
subjunctive | πωλέωμαι | πωλέῃ | πωλέηται | πωλέησθον | πωλέησθον | πωλεώμεθᾰ | πωλέησθε | πωλέωνται | |||||
optative | πωλεοίμην | πωλέοιο | πωλέοιτο | πωλέοισθον | πωλεοίσθην | πωλεοίμεθᾰ | πωλέοισθε | πωλέοιντο | |||||
imperative | πωλέου | πωλεέσθω | πωλέεσθον | πωλεέσθων | πωλέεσθε | πωλεέσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | πωλέειν | πωλέεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | πωλέων | πωλεόμενος | ||||||||||
f | πωλέουσᾰ | πωλεομένη | |||||||||||
n | πωλέον | πωλεόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Present: πωλῶ, πωλοῦμαι (Contracted)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | πωλῶ | πωλεῖς | πωλεῖ | πωλεῖτον | πωλεῖτον | πωλοῦμεν | πωλεῖτε | πωλοῦσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | πωλῶ | πωλῇς | πωλῇ | πωλῆτον | πωλῆτον | πωλῶμεν | πωλῆτε | πωλῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | πωλοίην, πωλοῖμῐ |
πωλοίης, πωλοῖς |
πωλοίη, πωλοῖ |
πωλοῖτον, πωλοίητον |
πωλοίτην, πωλοιήτην |
πωλοῖμεν, πωλοίημεν |
πωλοῖτε, πωλοίητε |
πωλοῖεν, πωλοίησᾰν | |||||
imperative | πώλει | πωλείτω | πωλεῖτον | πωλείτων | πωλεῖτε | πωλούντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | πωλοῦμαι | πωλεῖ, πωλῇ |
πωλεῖται | πωλεῖσθον | πωλεῖσθον | πωλούμεθᾰ | πωλεῖσθε | πωλοῦνται | ||||
subjunctive | πωλῶμαι | πωλῇ | πωλῆται | πωλῆσθον | πωλῆσθον | πωλώμεθᾰ | πωλῆσθε | πωλῶνται | |||||
optative | πωλοίμην | πωλοῖο | πωλοῖτο | πωλοῖσθον | πωλοίσθην | πωλοίμεθᾰ | πωλοῖσθε | πωλοῖντο | |||||
imperative | πωλοῦ | πωλείσθω | πωλεῖσθον | πωλείσθων | πωλεῖσθε | πωλείσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | πωλεῖν | πωλεῖσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | πωλῶν | πωλούμενος | ||||||||||
f | πωλοῦσᾰ | πωλουμένη | |||||||||||
n | πωλοῦν | πωλούμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Imperfect: ἐπώλεον, ἐπωλεόμην (Uncontracted)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐπώλεον | ἐπώλεες | ἐπώλεε(ν) | ἐπωλέετον | ἐπωλεέτην | ἐπωλέομεν | ἐπωλέετε | ἐπώλεον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐπωλεόμην | ἐπωλέου | ἐπωλέετο | ἐπωλέεσθον | ἐπωλεέσθην | ἐπωλεόμεθᾰ | ἐπωλέεσθε | ἐπωλέοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Imperfect: ἐπώλουν, ἐπωλούμην (Contracted)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐπώλουν | ἐπώλεις | ἐπώλει | ἐπωλεῖτον | ἐπωλείτην | ἐπωλοῦμεν | ἐπωλεῖτε | ἐπώλουν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐπωλούμην | ἐπωλοῦ | ἐπωλεῖτο | ἐπωλεῖσθον | ἐπωλείσθην | ἐπωλούμεθᾰ | ἐπωλεῖσθε | ἐπωλοῦντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | πωλέεσκον | πωλέεσκες | πωλέεσκε(ν) | πωλεέσκετον | πωλεεσκέτην | πωλεέσκομεν | πωλεέσκετε | πωλέεσκον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | πωλεεσκόμην | πωλεέσκου | πωλεέσκετο | πωλεέσκεσθον | πωλεεσκέσθην | πωλεεσκόμεθᾰ | πωλεέσκεσθε | πωλεέσκοντο | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Future: πωλήσω, πωλήσομαι (middle in passive sense)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | πωλήσω | πωλήσεις | πωλήσει | πωλήσετον | πωλήσετον | πωλήσομεν | πωλήσετε | πωλήσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | πωλήσοιμῐ | πωλήσοις | πωλήσοι | πωλήσοιτον | πωλησοίτην | πωλήσοιμεν | πωλήσοιτε | πωλήσοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | πωλήσομαι | πωλήσῃ, πωλήσει |
πωλήσεται | πωλήσεσθον | πωλήσεσθον | πωλησόμεθᾰ | πωλήσεσθε | πωλήσονται | ||||
optative | πωλησοίμην | πωλήσοιο | πωλήσοιτο | πωλήσοισθον | πωλησοίσθην | πωλησοίμεθᾰ | πωλήσοισθε | πωλήσοιντο | |||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | πωλήσειν | πωλήσεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | πωλήσων | πωλησόμενος | ||||||||||
f | πωλήσουσᾰ | πωλησομένη | |||||||||||
n | πωλῆσον | πωλησόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Future: πεπωλήσομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
passive | indicative | πεπωλήσομαι | πεπωλήσῃ | πεπωλήσεται | πεπωλήσεσθον | πεπωλήσεσθον | πεπωλησόμεθᾰ | πεπωλήσεσθε | πεπωλήσονται | ||||
optative | πεπωλησοίμην | πεπωλήσοιο | πεπωλήσοιτο | πεπωλήσοισθον | πεπωλησοίσθην | πεπωλησοίμεθᾰ | πεπωλήσοισθε | πεπωλήσοιντο | |||||
passive | |||||||||||||
infinitive | πεπωλήσεσθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | πεπωλησόμενος | |||||||||||
f | πεπωλησομένη | ||||||||||||
n | πεπωλησόμενον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Aorist: ἐπώλησᾰ, ἐπωλησᾰ́μην, ἐπωλήθην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐπώλησᾰ | ἐπώλησᾰς | ἐπώλησε(ν) | ἐπωλήσᾰτον | ἐπωλησᾰ́την | ἐπωλήσᾰμεν | ἐπωλήσᾰτε | ἐπώλησᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | πωλήσω | πωλήσῃς | πωλήσῃ | πωλήσητον | πωλήσητον | πωλήσωμεν | πωλήσητε | πωλήσωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | πωλήσαιμῐ | πωλήσειᾰς, πωλήσαις |
πωλήσειε(ν), πωλήσαι |
πωλήσαιτον | πωλησαίτην | πωλήσαιμεν | πωλήσαιτε | πωλήσειᾰν, πωλήσαιεν | |||||
imperative | πώλησον | πωλησᾰ́τω | πωλήσᾰτον | πωλησᾰ́των | πωλήσᾰτε | πωλησᾰ́ντων | |||||||
middle | indicative | ἐπωλησᾰ́μην | ἐπωλήσω | ἐπωλήσᾰτο | ἐπωλήσᾰσθον | ἐπωλησᾰ́σθην | ἐπωλησᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἐπωλήσᾰσθε | ἐπωλήσᾰντο | ||||
subjunctive | πωλήσωμαι | πωλήσῃ | πωλήσηται | πωλήσησθον | πωλήσησθον | πωλησώμεθᾰ | πωλήσησθε | πωλήσωνται | |||||
optative | πωλησαίμην | πωλήσαιο | πωλήσαιτο | πωλήσαισθον | πωλησαίσθην | πωλησαίμεθᾰ | πωλήσαισθε | πωλήσαιντο | |||||
imperative | πώλησαι | πωλησᾰ́σθω | πωλήσᾰσθον | πωλησᾰ́σθων | πωλήσᾰσθε | πωλησᾰ́σθων | |||||||
passive | indicative | ἐπωλήθην | ἐπωλήθης | ἐπωλήθη | ἐπωλήθητον | ἐπωληθήτην | ἐπωλήθημεν | ἐπωλήθητε | ἐπωλήθησᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | πωληθῶ | πωληθῇς | πωληθῇ | πωληθῆτον | πωληθῆτον | πωληθῶμεν | πωληθῆτε | πωληθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | πωληθείην | πωληθείης | πωληθείη | πωληθεῖτον, πωληθείητον |
πωληθείτην, πωληθειήτην |
πωληθεῖμεν, πωληθείημεν |
πωληθεῖτε, πωληθείητε |
πωληθεῖεν, πωληθείησᾰν | |||||
imperative | πωλήθητῐ | πωληθήτω | πωλήθητον | πωληθήτων | πωλήθητε | πωληθέντων | |||||||
active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
infinitive | πωλῆσαι | πωλήσᾰσθαι | πωληθῆναι | ||||||||||
participle | m | πωλήσᾱς | πωλησᾰ́μενος | πωληθείς | |||||||||
f | πωλήσᾱσᾰ | πωλησᾰμένη | πωληθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||
n | πωλῆσᾰν | πωλησᾰ́μενον | πωληθέν | ||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Suppletive forms from ἀποδίδομαι (apodídomai), usual in Attic prose:
Future: ἀποδώσομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle | indicative | ἀποδώσομαι | ἀποδώσῃ, ἀποδώσει |
ἀποδώσεται | ἀποδώσεσθον | ἀποδώσεσθον | ἀποδωσόμεθᾰ | ἀποδώσεσθε | ἀποδώσονται | ||||
optative | ἀποδωσοίμην | ἀποδώσοιο | ἀποδώσοιτο | ἀποδώσοισθον | ἀποδωσοίσθην | ἀποδωσοίμεθᾰ | ἀποδώσοισθε | ἀποδώσοιντο | |||||
middle | |||||||||||||
infinitive | ἀποδώσεσθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | ἀποδωσόμενος | |||||||||||
f | ἀποδωσομένη | ||||||||||||
n | ἀποδωσόμενον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Aorist: ἀπεδόμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle | indicative | ἀπεδόμην | ἀπέδου | ἀπέδοτο | ἀπέδοσθον | ἀπεδόσθην | ἀπεδόμεθᾰ | ἀπέδοσθε | ἀπέδοντο | ||||
subjunctive | ἀποδῶμαι | ἀποδῷ | ἀποδῶται | ἀποδῶσθον | ἀποδῶσθον | ἀποδώμεθᾰ | ἀποδῶσθε | ἀποδῶνται | |||||
optative | ἀποδοίμην | ἀποδοῖο | ἀποδοῖτο | ἀποδοῖσθον | ἀποδοίσθην | ἀποδοίμεθᾰ | ἀποδοῖσθε | ἀποδοῖντο | |||||
imperative | ἀπόδου | ἀποδόσθω | ἀπόδοσθον | ἀποδόσθων | ἀπόδοσθε | ἀποδόσθων | |||||||
middle | |||||||||||||
infinitive | ἀποδόσθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | ἀποδόμενος | |||||||||||
f | ἀποδομένη | ||||||||||||
n | ἀποδόμενον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Antonyms
- ὠνέομαι (ōnéomai, “I buy”)
Derived terms
- ἀλλαντοπωλέω (allantopōléō)
- ἀνᾰπωλέω (anapōléō)
- ἀρτοπωλέω (artopōléō)
- γελγοπωλέω (gelgopōléō)
- δῐᾰπωλέω (diapōléō)
- ἐλαιοπώλέω (elaiopṓléō)
- ἐμπωλέω (empōléō)
- ἐπῐπωλέω (epipōléō)
- ἐριοπωλέω (eriopōléō)
- ἰχθῠοπωλέω (ikhthuopōléō)
- κερᾰμοπωλέω (keramopōléō)
- κρεοπωλέω (kreopōléō)
- κᾰτᾰπωλέω (katapōléō)
- λοφοπωλέω (lophopōléō)
- λυχνοπωλέω (lukhnopōléō)
- λᾰφῡροπωλέω (laphūropōléō)
- λῐβᾰνωτοπωλέω (libanōtopōléō)
- μελῐτοπωλέω (melitopōléō)
- μετᾰπωλέω (metapōléō)
- μονοπωλέω (monopōléō)
- μῠροπωλέω (muropōléō)
- οἰνοπωλέω (oinopōléō)
- παντοπωλέω (pantopōléō)
- προπωλέω (propōléō)
- προσπωλέω (prospōléō)
- πᾰρᾰπωλέω (parapōléō)
- πῡροπωλέω (pūropōléō)
- ῥωποπωλέω (rhōpopōléō)
- σῑτοπωλέω (sītopōléō)
- σῠμπωλέω (sumpōléō)
- τᾰρῑχοπωλέω (tarīkhopōléō)
- τῑμιοπωλέω (tīmiopōléō)
- τῡροπωλέω (tūropōléō)
- φαρμᾰκοπωλέω (pharmakopōléō)
- χοιροπωλέω (khoiropōléō)
Related terms
Descendants
References
- “πωλέω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “πωλέω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- πωλέω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- G4453 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- “πωλέω”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, 2011
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