πρεσβύτερος
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From πρέσβῠς (présbus, “aged”, “elder”) + -τερος (-teros, suffix forming comparative degrees of adjectives). The Christian religious meanings are likely a semantic loan from an Aramaic word, perhaps cognate with Classical Syriac ܩܫܝܫܐ (qaššīšā).[1][2][3][4][5]
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /prez.bý.te.ros/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /prezˈby.te.ros/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /prezˈβy.te.ros/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /prezˈvy.te.ros/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /prezˈvi.te.ros/
Adjective
πρεσβῠ́τερος • (presbúteros) m (feminine πρεσβῠτέρᾱ, neuter πρεσβῠ́τερον); first/second declension
- older of two people
- advanced in life, senior
Declension
Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | πρεσβῠ́τερος presbúteros |
πρεσβῠτέρᾱ presbutérā |
πρεσβῠ́τερον presbúteron |
πρεσβῠτέρω presbutérō |
πρεσβῠτέρᾱ presbutérā |
πρεσβῠτέρω presbutérō |
πρεσβῠ́τεροι presbúteroi |
πρεσβῠ́τεραι presbúterai |
πρεσβῠ́τερᾰ presbútera | |||||
Genitive | πρεσβῠτέρου presbutérou |
πρεσβῠτέρᾱς presbutérās |
πρεσβῠτέρου presbutérou |
πρεσβῠτέροιν presbutéroin |
πρεσβῠτέραιν presbutérain |
πρεσβῠτέροιν presbutéroin |
πρεσβῠτέρων presbutérōn |
πρεσβῠτέρων presbutérōn |
πρεσβῠτέρων presbutérōn | |||||
Dative | πρεσβῠτέρῳ presbutérōi |
πρεσβῠτέρᾳ presbutérāi |
πρεσβῠτέρῳ presbutérōi |
πρεσβῠτέροιν presbutéroin |
πρεσβῠτέραιν presbutérain |
πρεσβῠτέροιν presbutéroin |
πρεσβῠτέροις presbutérois |
πρεσβῠτέραις presbutérais |
πρεσβῠτέροις presbutérois | |||||
Accusative | πρεσβῠ́τερον presbúteron |
πρεσβῠτέρᾱν presbutérān |
πρεσβῠ́τερον presbúteron |
πρεσβῠτέρω presbutérō |
πρεσβῠτέρᾱ presbutérā |
πρεσβῠτέρω presbutérō |
πρεσβῠτέρους presbutérous |
πρεσβῠτέρᾱς presbutérās |
πρεσβῠ́τερᾰ presbútera | |||||
Vocative | πρεσβῠ́τερε presbútere |
πρεσβῠτέρᾱ presbutérā |
πρεσβῠ́τερον presbúteron |
πρεσβῠτέρω presbutérō |
πρεσβῠτέρᾱ presbutérā |
πρεσβῠτέρω presbutérō |
πρεσβῠ́τεροι presbúteroi |
πρεσβῠ́τεραι presbúterai |
πρεσβῠ́τερᾰ presbútera | |||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
πρεσβῠ́τερον presbúteron |
— | — | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Noun
πρεσβῠ́τερος • (presbúteros) m (genitive πρεσβῠτέρου); second declension
- a term of rank or office
- a member of the Jewish Sanhedrin
- in the New Testament, a group that presided over the assemblies or congregations: elder, presbyter
Declension
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ πρεσβῠ́τερος ho presbúteros |
τὼ πρεσβῠτέρω tṑ presbutérō |
οἱ πρεσβῠ́τεροι hoi presbúteroi | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ πρεσβῠτέρου toû presbutérou |
τοῖν πρεσβῠτέροιν toîn presbutéroin |
τῶν πρεσβῠτέρων tôn presbutérōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ πρεσβῠτέρῳ tôi presbutérōi |
τοῖν πρεσβῠτέροιν toîn presbutéroin |
τοῖς πρεσβῠτέροις toîs presbutérois | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν πρεσβῠ́τερον tòn presbúteron |
τὼ πρεσβῠτέρω tṑ presbutérō |
τοὺς πρεσβῠτέρους toùs presbutérous | ||||||||||
Vocative | πρεσβῠ́τερε presbútere |
πρεσβῠτέρω presbutérō |
πρεσβῠ́τεροι presbúteroi | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Descendants
- → Latin: presbyter (see there for further descendants)
- → Russian: пресви́тер (presvíter)
References
- Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 275
- Heever, Gerhard van den (2016) “Early Christian discourses and literature in North African Christianities in the context of Hellenistic Judaism and Graeco-Roman Culture”, in Bongmba, Elias Kiphon, editor, The Routledge Companion to Christianity in Africa, Milton Park: Taylor & Francis, →ISBN, page 67
- Kloppenborg, John S. (2011) “Greco-Roman Thiasoi, the Ekklēsia at Corinth, and Conflict Management”, in Cameron, Ron, Miller, Merrill P., editors, Rediscribing Paul and the Corinthians, Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, →ISBN, pages 191–204
- Rudolph, Wilhelm (1922) Die Abhängigkeit des Qorans von Judentum und Christentum (in German), Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer, page 7
- Tubach, Jürgen (2015) “Aramaic Loanwords in Gǝʿǝz”, in Butts, Aaron Michael, editor, Semitic Languages in Contact (Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics; 82), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 358–359
Further reading
- “πρέσβῠς”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- πρεσβύτερος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- G4245 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
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