πίναξ

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Since Fick (1890), considered a native word of Proto-Indo-European origin, cognate with the Sanskrit पिनाक (pínāka, “staff, stick”) and the Proto-Slavic *pь̏ňь (whence the Old Church Slavonic пьнь (pĭnĭ), the Russian пень (penʹ, “trunk, stub”)). On the other hand, Beekes inevitably prefers a Pre-Greek origin.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pí.naks/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈpi.naks/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈpi.naks/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈpi.naks/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈpi.naks/

Noun

πῐ́νᾰξ • (pínax) m (genitive πῐ́νᾰκος); third declension

board, plank
tablet
dish, plate, platter, trencher
board, plate, picture
table of accounts, register
block for sharpening knives

Declension

Third declension of ὁ πῐ́νᾰξ; τοῦ πῐ́νᾰκος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ πῐ́νᾰξ ho pínax	τὼ πῐ́νᾰκε tṑ pínake	οἱ πῐ́νᾰκες hoi pínakes
Genitive	τοῦ πῐ́νᾰκος toû pínakos	τοῖν πῐνᾰ́κοιν toîn pinákoin	τῶν πῐνᾰ́κων tôn pinákōn
Dative	τῷ πῐ́νᾰκῐ tôi pínaki	τοῖν πῐνᾰ́κοιν toîn pinákoin	τοῖς πῐ́νᾰξῐ / πῐ́νᾰξῐν toîs pínaxi(n)
Accusative	τὸν πῐ́νᾰκᾰ tòn pínaka	τὼ πῐ́νᾰκε tṑ pínake	τοὺς πῐ́νᾰκᾰς toùs pínakas
Vocative	πῐ́νᾰξ pínax	πῐ́νᾰκε pínake	πῐ́νᾰκες pínakes
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

πινάκιον (pinákion)
πινακίς (pinakís)
πινακόγραφος (pinakógraphos)
πινακοθήκη (pinakothḗkē)

Descendants

Byzantine Greek: πινάκι (pináki)
- → Italian: pinace (learned)
Greek: πίνακας (pínakas)
→ Aramaic: פינכא (pinkaʾ)
- → Classical Syriac: ܦܝܢܟܐ (pīnḵā)
  - → Persian: پنگان (pengân) (learned) (if not directly borrowed from Ancient Greek)
    - → Arabic: فِنْجَان (finjān)
      - → Persian: فنجان (fenjân)
      - → Ottoman Turkish: فنجان (fincan)
        Turkish: fincan
→ English: pinak-, pinac-
→ Georgian: პინაკი (ṗinaḳi), პინაქი (ṗinaki), პინა (ṗina) (learned)
→ Hebrew: פנקס (learned)
→ Italian: pinax (learned)
→ Latin: pinax (learned)
→ Old Armenian: պնակ (pnak)
- Armenian: պնակ (pnak)
  - → Udi: пӏинаькӏ (ṗinäḳ) (learned) (if not directly borrowed from Ancient Greek)
→ Ossetian: фынг (fyng) (learned) (possibly)

“πίναξ”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, 2011
“πίναξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“πίναξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“πίναξ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
πίναξ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
πίναξ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
G4094 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- board idem, page 86.
- chart idem, page 126.
- letter idem, page 486.
- map idem, page 513.
- paper idem, page 591.
- register idem, page 687.
- slate idem, page 782.
- tablet idem, page 851.
Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979) “պնակ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, page 92b
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1192–1193
Boisacq, Émile (1916) “πίναξ”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque (in French), Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 785
Chantraine, Pierre (1968–1980) “πίναξ”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque (in French), Paris: Klincksieck, page 903ab
Fick, August (1890) Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen (in German), 4th edition, volume I, bearbeitet von Adalbert Bezzenberger, August Fick, Whitley Stokes, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, pages 83, 482
Frisk, Hjalmar (1970) “πίναξ”, in Griechisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 539
Hofmann, J. B. (1949) “πίναξ”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Griechischen‎ (in German), Munich: R. Oldenbourg, page 270
Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 830

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