πάνθηρ
Ancient Greek
Etymology
Of foreign origin, compare Sogdian 𐼾𐼴𐽀𐼹𐼻𐼸 (pwrδnk), Pashto پړانګ (pṛāng), Persian پلنگ (palang), and Hittite 𒊊𒌉𒀸 (parsnaš, “leopard”). See also πάρδαλις (párdalis). A common folk etymology derives it from πᾰν- (pan-, “all”) + θήρ (thḗr, “beast”) or θήρα (thḗra, “hunt”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pán.tʰɛːr/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈpan.tʰe̝r/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈpan.θir/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈpan.θir/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈpan.θir/
Declension
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ πᾰ́νθηρ ho pánthēr |
τὼ πᾰ́νθηρε tṑ pánthēre |
οἱ πᾰ́νθηρες hoi pánthēres | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ πᾰ́νθηρος toû pánthēros |
τοῖν πᾰνθήροιν toîn panthḗroin |
τῶν πᾰνθήρων tôn panthḗrōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ πᾰ́νθηρῐ tôi pánthēri |
τοῖν πᾰνθήροιν toîn panthḗroin |
τοῖς πᾰ́νθηρσῐ / πᾰ́νθηρσῐν toîs pánthērsi(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν πᾰ́νθηρᾰ tòn pánthēra |
τὼ πᾰ́νθηρε tṑ pánthēre |
τοὺς πᾰ́νθηρᾰς toùs pánthēras | ||||||||||
Vocative | πᾰ́νθηρ pánthēr |
πᾰ́νθηρε pánthēre |
πᾰ́νθηρες pánthēres | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Descendants
- → Aramaic:
- Classical Syriac: ܦܢܬܘܪ (pntwr /pantōr/), ܦܢܬܝܪ (pntyr /pantīr/), ܦܢܛܝܪ (pnṭyr /panṭīr/)
- → Latin: panther, panthera
- → Old Armenian: պանթեր (pantʻer)
- → Old Church Slavonic: панъѳиръ (panŭθirŭ)
- → Old East Slavic: панъфиръ (panŭfirŭ)
- Old Ruthenian: пантеръ (panter), пантиръ (pantir), панфиръ (panfir)
- → Old Georgian: პანფილი (ṗanpili)
Further reading
- “πάνθηρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “πάνθηρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- πάνθηρ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- πάνθηρ in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
- Boisacq, Émile (1916) “πάνθηρ”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque (in French), Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 745
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- panther idem, page 591.
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