πάλιν

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

πᾰ́λῐ (páli)

Etymology

Frozen adverbial accusative of *πάλις (*pális) from Proto-Indo-European *kʷl̥His, from *kʷel- (“to revolve”) (whence πέλω (pélō, “to go, be”) and πάλαι (pálai, “before, long ago”)).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pá.lin/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈpa.lin/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈpa.lin/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈpa.lin/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈpa.lin/

Adverb

πᾰ́λῐν • (pálin)

(of place) back, backwards
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.72
- 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 854
- 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 601
- 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 962
- 431 BCE, Euripides, Medea 412
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.116
- 440 BCE – 390 BCE, Andocides, Collected Works 22.34
- 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1021
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 18.138
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 13.125
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 18.280
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 11.149
- 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Theogony 181
- 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 53
- 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 601
- 425 BCE, Aristophanes, Lysistrata 792
- 405 BCE, Aristophanes, The Frogs 1486
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 318E
- 408 BCE, Euripides, Orestes 125
1. (with a notion of contradiction)
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 9.56
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 4.357
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 13.254
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 16.456
  - 467 BCE, Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes 1040
  - 380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 482D
  - 380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 612D
  - 380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 507B
  - 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 11
  - 416 BCE, Euripides, Herakles 778
(of time) again, once more, anew
- 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 1166
- 421 BCE, Aristophanes, Peace 997
- 64 BCE – 24 CE, Strabo, Geography 787
- 175 CE – 235 CE, Claudius Aelianus, Various History 1.4
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 2.276
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 16.456
again, in turn, doubly
- 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 731

Derived terms

παλίμψηστος (palímpsēstos)
πᾰλῐ́ντονος (palíntonos)
πᾰλῐ́ρροχθος (palírrhokhthos)

Descendants

Greek: πάλι (páli)
→ Coptic: ⲡⲁⲗⲓⲛ (palin)

References

“πάλιν”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“πάλιν”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“πάλιν”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
πάλιν in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
πάλιν in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
“πάλιν”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G3825 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- again idem, page 17.
- back idem, page 57.

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