εἶμαι
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- εἰμί (eimí)
Conjugation
εἶμαι
| Active voice ➤ — Imperfective aspect ➤ | ||||
| Indicative mood ➤ | Present ➤ | Imperfect ➤ | Future ➤ | |
| 1 sg | εἶμαι[ν] | ἦμου(ν)(α/ε)1, {ἦμην}, [ἦμον] | νὰ εἶμαι | |
| 2 sg | εἶσαι[ν] | ἦσου(ν)(α/ε)1, [ἦσον] | νὰ εἶσαι | |
| 3 sg | ἔνι[ν], εἶνε[ν], ἔν, ἔνε/ἔναι(ν), εἶν/ἦν(ι), {ἔστι} | ἦτο(νε)1, ἦταν(ε)1 | νὰ ἔνι/εἶναι | |
| 1 pl | εἴμεστε/α(νε)13, εἴμεθα/ε(ν)2, εἴμαστε3, [εἴμαστανε] | ἤμεστα/ε(νε)13, ἤμεστον, ἤμαστε(νε)13, ἤμαστα/ον3, ἤμεθε(ν), [ἤμεθα(ν)], [ἤμεθο(ν)], [ἤμενθα] | νὰ εἴμεστε | |
| 2 pl | εἴστε(ν)3, ἔστε2, εἴστι(ν), εἴστενε, [εἴσαστε], [ἦτε] | ἦστε(νε)13, ἦστα/ον, [ἤσαστε], [ἤσαστο/ουν] | νὰ εἴστε | |
| 3 pl | ἔνι[ν], εἶνε[ν], ἔν, ἔνε/ἔναι(ν), εἶν/ἦν(ι), {εἶσι} | ἦσα(ν)(ε)1, ἦτα/ο(ν)(ε)1, ἤσ/τασι, ἦστον, [ἦν], [ἦστα(ν)] | νὰ ἔνι/εἶναι | |
| Subjunctive mood ➤ | Formed using present tense from above with a particle (να, ας). | |||
| Imperative mood ➤ | 2 sg | 2 pl | ||
| Imperfective aspect | νὰ εἶσαι, {ἔσο} | νὰ εἴστε, {ἔστε} | ||
| Other forms | Present participle ➤ | |||
| ὄντα(ς), ἔσ(τ)οντα(ς), στάντε(ς) ➤ | ||||
| Notes Appendix:Greek verbs |
• Infinitive: εἶστε/αι(ν)(ε)13, {εἶναι}, ἔστε/αι3, [εἶν], {ἔστιν} • 1 later alternatives 2 older but less common forms 3 σθ was frequently used in place of στ to lend a higher register, though ultimately representing the same sound • Future tense could be formed with a bare νὰ + subj. phrase, or with any of μέλλω, μέλλει (impersonal), ἔχω, θέλω, or εἶμαι + infinitive or νὰ phrase. Infinitival future constructions were typically more high- or mixed register. νὰ was also sometimes omitted, with the future auxiliary verb immediately next to the subjunctive. • All forms were substituted alternatively with their classical or koiné equivalents according to literary register. • (…) optional or informal. […] rare. {…} learned, archaic. • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency. • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive. | |||
Descendants
- Greek: είμαι (eímai)
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