αἰθήρ

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From αἴθω (aíthō).

Pronunciation
 

Noun

αἰθήρ • (aithḗr) m (genitive αἰθέρος); third declension

  1. heaven
  2. aether; ether
  3. theoretical medium of great elasticity and extreme thinness of consistency supposed to fill all unoccupied space and transmit light and heat
  4. The upper or purer air as opposed to erebus (Ἔρεβος (Érebos)), the lower or dirtier air; the clear sky.

Inflection
Third declension of ὁ αἰθήρ; τοῦ αἰθέρος (Attic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ὁ αἰθήρ
ho aithḗr		 τὼ αἰθέρε
tṑ aithére		 οἱ αἰθέρες
hoi aithéres
Genitive τοῦ αἰθέρος
toû aithéros		 τοῖν αἰθέροιν
toîn aithéroin		 τῶν αἰθέρων
tôn aithérōn
Dative τῷ αἰθέρῐ
tôi aithéri		 τοῖν αἰθέροιν
toîn aithéroin		 τοῖς αἰθέρσῐ / αἰθέρσῐν
toîs aithérsi(n)
Accusative τὸν αἰθέρᾰ
tòn aithéra		 τὼ αἰθέρε
tṑ aithére		 τοὺς αἰθέρᾰς
toùs aithéras
Vocative αἰθήρ
aithḗr		 αἰθέρε
aithére		 αἰθέρες
aithéres
Notes:
  • This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms
  • ὑπαίθριος (hupaíthrios)

Descendants
  • Greek: αιθήρ (aithír); αιθέρας (aithéras)
  • → Arabic: أَثِير (ʔaṯīr, “air”)
  • → Bulgarian: етер (eter)
  • → Hebrew: אתר (eter)
  • → Latin: aether (see there for further descendants)
  • → Old Armenian: եթեր (etʻer)
    • → Armenian: եթեր (etʻer) (learned)
  • → Persian: اثیر (asir)
  • → Polish: eter
  • → Russian: эфи́р (efír)
    • → Bulgarian: ефир (efir)
  • → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: етар
    Latin script: etar
  • → Ukrainian: ефі́р (efír), ете́р (etér)

References
  • “αἰθήρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “αἰθήρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • “αἰθήρ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
  • αἰθήρ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
  • αἰθήρ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
  • αἰθήρ in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
  • “αἰθήρ”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
  • Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, pages 21, 284
  • “αἰθήρ”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, 2011
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