Κύκλωψ

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *Kúklōps, from Proto-Indo-European *Pḱúklōps (“cattle thief”). Superficially decomposes as κύκλος (kúklos, “wheel, circle”) + ὤψ (ṓps, “eye”). This is thought to be a folk etymology, with the true etymology in Proto-Indo-European *pḱú-klōps (“cattle thief”) becoming obscured after the loss of the word *péḱu. (See κλώψ (klṓps) for the second component.) Cattle thieves are pervasive in Indo-European mythology; before the folk etymology, the Cyclops would have been a cattle thief of no unusual facial disposition.[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ký.klɔːps/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈky.klops/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈcy.klops/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈcy.klops/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈci.klops/

Noun

Κύκλωψ • (Kúklōps) m (genitive Κύκλωπος or Κύκλοπος); third declension

a cyclops

Inflection

Third declension of ὁ Κύ̆κλωψ; τοῦ Κῠ́κλωπος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ Κύ̆κλωψ ho Kúklōps	τὼ Κῠ́κλωπε tṑ Kúklōpe	οἱ Κῠ́κλωπες hoi Kúklōpes
Genitive	τοῦ Κῠ́κλωπος toû Kúklōpos	τοῖν Κῠκλώποιν toîn Kuklṓpoin	τῶν Κῠκλώπων tôn Kuklṓpōn
Dative	τῷ Κῠ́κλωπῐ tôi Kúklōpi	τοῖν Κῠκλώποιν toîn Kuklṓpoin	τοῖς Κῠ́κλωψῐ / Κῠ́κλωψῐν toîs Kúklōpsi(n)
Accusative	τὸν Κῠ́κλωπᾰ tòn Kúklōpa	τὼ Κῠ́κλωπε tṑ Kúklōpe	τοὺς Κῠ́κλωπᾰς toùs Kúklōpas
Vocative	Κύ̆κλωψ Kúklōps	Κῠ́κλωπε Kúklōpe	Κῠ́κλωπες Kúklōpes
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Third declension of ὁ Κύ̆κλωψ; τοῦ Κῠ́κλοπος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ Κύ̆κλωψ ho Kúklōps	τὼ Κῠ́κλοπε tṑ Kúklope	οἱ Κῠ́κλοπες hoi Kúklopes
Genitive	τοῦ Κῠ́κλοπος toû Kúklopos	τοῖν Κῠκλόποιν toîn Kuklópoin	τῶν Κῠκλόπων tôn Kuklópōn
Dative	τῷ Κῠ́κλοπῐ tôi Kúklopi	τοῖν Κῠκλόποιν toîn Kuklópoin	τοῖς Κῠ́κλοψῐ / Κῠ́κλοψῐν toîs Kúklopsi(n)
Accusative	τὸν Κῠ́κλοπᾰ tòn Kúklopa	τὼ Κῠ́κλοπε tṑ Kúklope	τοὺς Κῠ́κλοπᾰς toùs Kúklopas
Vocative	Κύ̆κλωψ Kúklōps	Κῠ́κλοπε Kúklope	Κῠ́κλοπες Kúklopes
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

Κυκλωπεία (Kuklōpeía)
Κυκλώπειος (Kuklṓpeios)
Κυκλωπία (Kuklōpía)
Κυκλωπικός (Kuklōpikós)
Κυκλωπικῶς (Kuklōpikôs)
Κυκλώπιον (Kuklṓpion)
Κυκλώπιος (Kuklṓpios)
Κυκλωπίς (Kuklōpís)

Descendants

→ English: cyclops
Greek: Κύκλωψ (Kýklops), Κύκλωπας (Kýklopas)
→ Latin: cyclōps

References

Paul Thieme, "Etymologische Vexierbilder", Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung 69 (1951): 177-78; Burkert (1982), p. 157; J.P.S. Beekes, Indo-European Etymological Project, s.v. Cyclops.

“Κύκλωψ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“Κύκλωψ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, page 1,007

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[1] Paul Thieme, "Etymologische Vexierbilder", Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung 69 (1951): 177-78; Burkert (1982), p. 157; J.P.S. Beekes, Indo-European Etymological Project, s.v. Cyclops.