◌̌

Obtained by rotating the circumflex: (ˆ) 180°.

◌̌

1. háček
   1. (in the Czech alphabet, as well as in other Latin alphabets and systems of Cyrillic Romanisation derived from it) generally marking palatalisation
      1. (historically; i.e., in Old Czech) marking palatalisation when written atop a consonant; marking palatalisation of the preceding consonant when written atop ě
      2. (currently; i.e., in Modern Czech) marking partial palatalisation in the case of the postalveolar consonants, full palatalisation in the case of the palatal consonants, and — when written atop ě (arising from the historical confusion of the now-obsolete yat: Ѣ, which Ě transcribes, with the iotated A: Ꙗ) — variously, palatalisation of the preceding consonant, iotation, or idiosyncratically mě = /mɲɛ/
2. (in the Romanisation of tonal languages):
   1. (IPA, obsolete) indicating the dipping third tone in pinyin (employed on account of the diacritic's shape)
   2. (IPA) indicating a rising tone in the transliteration of Thai and the International Phonetic Alphabet

◌̌

1. háček
   1. marking partial palatalisation:
      1. C, [ts] → Č, [tʃ]
      2. R, [r] → Ř, [r̝] (before 1989: [ɼ])
      3. S, [s] → Š, [ʃ]
      4. Z, [z] → Ž, [ʒ]
   2. marking full palatalisation:
      1. D, [d] → Ď, [ɟ]
      2. N, [n] → Ň, [ɲ]
      3. T, [t] → Ť, [c]
   3. E, [ɛ] → Ě:
      1. marking palatalisation of the preceding consonant:
         1. de, [dɛ] → dě (not *ďe), [ɟɛ]
         2. ne, [nɛ] → ně (not *ňe), [ɲɛ]
         3. te, [tɛ] → tě (not *ťe), [cɛ]
      2. marking iotation:
         1. be, [bɛ] → bě, [bjɛ]
         2. pe, [pɛ] → pě, [pjɛ]
         3. ve, [vɛ] → vě, [vjɛ]
      3. me, [mɛ] → mě (not *mňe), [mɲɛ]

◌̌

1. háček
   1. marking partial palatalization:
      1. C, [t͡s] → Č, [t͡ʃ]
      2. S, [s] → Š, [ʃ]
      3. Z, [z] → Ž, [ʒ]

Letters with háček are considered as separate letters with different names, and listed in the alphabet after the same letters without macron (i.e., č after c, š after s, and ž after z), and also in alphabetized lists (e.g., in dictionaries), like letters with cedilla (ģ, ķ, ļ, ņ), and unlike letters with macrons (ā, ē, ī, ū), which are treated, for alphabetizing purposes, as the same as letters without macrons.

◌̌

1. (Hanyu Pinyin) Indicates the low or dipping third tone

   Ǎ, ǎ, Ě, ě, Ǐ, ǐ, Ǒ, ǒ, Ǔ, ǔ, Ǚ, ǚ

◌̌

1. A diacritical mark of the Latin script, called ćiriklo (“bird”) in Romani, and found on Ǎ/ǎ, Č/č, Čh/čh, Ď/ď, Dž/dž, Ě/ě, Ǧ/ǧ, Ǐ/ǐ, Ǩ/ǩ, Ľ/ľ, Ň/ň, Ǒ/ǒ, Ř/ř, Š/š, Ť/ť, Ǔ/ǔ and Ž/ž.
   1. (International Standard) marking palatalization of the preceding consonant.
   2. (Pan-Vlax) marking palatalization of the consonant below.

• “Phonemic Values”, in ROMLEX – the Romani Lexicon Project‎, 2000, archived from the original on February 26, 2005
• Marcel Courthiade (2009) “DECISION : "THE ROMANI ALPHABET"”, in Melinda Rézműves, editor, Morri angluni rromane ćhibǎqi evroputni lavustik = Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram : cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög [My First European-Romani Dictionary: Romani, Hungarian, English, French, Spanish, German, Ukrainian, Romanian, Croatian, Slovak, Greek] (overall work in Hungarian and English), Budapest: Fővárosi Onkormányzat Cigány Ház--Romano Kher, →ISBN, page 499
• “Introduction 3. How to read Rromani”, in R.E.D-RROM‎, 2021 September 27 (last accessed)
• Yūsuke Sumi (2018) ニューエクスプレスプラス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Plus Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, published 2021, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 16

◌̌

1. háček
   1. marking partial palatalisation:
      1. C, [t͡s] → Č, [t͡ʃ]
      2. Dz, [d͡z] → Dž, [d͡ʒ]
      3. S, [s] → Š, [ʃ]
      4. Z, [z] → Ž, [ʒ]
   2. marking full palatalisation:
      1. D, [d] → Ď, [ɟ]
      2. L, [ɫ] → Ľ, [ʎ]
      3. N, [n] → Ň, [ɲ]
      4. T, [t] → Ť, [c]

• The native Slovak term for this diacritic is mäkčeň.

◌̌

1. (obsolete) A diacritical mark of the Latin script, called àmì ohùn ẹlẹ́yọ̀ọ́ròkè (“rising-tone mark”). Formerly used to indicate rising-tone, now written as ◌̀ followed by ◌́

• ìró ohùn ẹlẹ́yọ̀ọ́ròkè (“rising tone”)