đóng

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 凍 (“freeze”, SV: đống). Cognate with Tho [Cuối Chăm] tɒːŋ³.

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [ʔɗawŋ͡m˧˦]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [ʔɗawŋ͡m˦˧˥] ~ [ʔɗɔŋ˦˧˥]
• (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA^(key): [ʔɗawŋ͡m˦˥]

đóng • (𠘃, 㨂, 凍, 棟)

1. (transitive, intransitive) to shut tight; compare khép (“to close, leaving ajar, but not shutting”)

   Antonym: mở

   đóng cửa sổ ― to shut a window

   Cửa đóng hay mở ?

   Is the door shut or open?

   đóng cửa

   to close shop, temporarily or permanently

   Tiệm đóng cửa hôm nay. ― The shop is closed today.

   Một công ty máy tính ở Anh thông báo đóng cửa vì bị phá sản. ― A British computer company announced its closure due to bankruptcy.

2. (transitive) to drive (a nail, stake)

   Antonyms: tháo, gỡ, tháo gỡ

   đóng đinh ― to drive a nail

3. (intransitive) to congeal, solidify (grease, water, blood)

   Antonym: tan

4. (transitive) to pack (wine, flour, goods in a container)
5. (transitive) to appear in, star in, play a role in (a play, movie, show)
6. (transitive) to post, pay, submit (tuition, bond, taxes, bail)

   Synonym: nộp

   • 1957, Đoàn Giỏi, chapter 17, in Đất rừng phương Nam, Kim Đồng:

     Họ phải đóng thuế hằng năm như đóng thuế ruộng đấy, con ạ.

     They have to pay annual taxes just like paying land tax, son.

7. (transitive) to assemble (a table, shoe, ship, book)
8. (transitive) to wear tightly, fasten to oneself (a loincloth, harness, yoke)
9. (transitive) to affix (a seal)
10. (transitive or intransitive, military) to station; to be stationed
11. (transitive, dated) to achieve a specific military rank

• (congeal): đọng

• "đóng" in Hồ Ngọc Đức, Free Vietnamese Dictionary Project (details)
• Lê Sơn Thanh, "Nom-Viet.dat", WinVNKey (details)