þungr
Old Norse
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *þunguz, from Proto-Indo-European *téngʰus, akin to Proto-Slavic *tęžьkъ (compare Serbo-Croatian težak) and Lithuanian tingus. All from Proto-Indo-European *tengʰ-.
Adjective
þungr (comparative þyngri, superlative þyngstr)
- heavy
- 1093–1103, King Magnús barefoot Óláfsson, loose verse 4
- […] Þungan berk af þingi
þann harm, es skalk svanna
— skreytask menn á móti —
minn aldrigi finna.- Heavy I carry away from the assembly, the sorrow that I shall never — men adorn themselves at the meeting — find my lady.
- 1093–1103, King Magnús barefoot Óláfsson, loose verse 4
Declension
Strong declension of þungr
Weak declension of þungr
Declension of comparative of þungr
singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | þungari, þyngri | þungari, þyngri | þungara, þyngra |
accusative | þungara, þyngra | þungari, þyngri | þungara, þyngra |
dative | þungara, þyngra | þungari, þyngri | þungara, þyngra |
genitive | þungara, þyngra | þungari, þyngri | þungara, þyngra |
plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
nominative | þungari, þyngri | þungari, þyngri | þungari, þyngri |
accusative | þungari, þyngri | þungari, þyngri | þungari, þyngri |
dative | þungurum, þyngrum | þungurum, þyngrum | þungurum, þyngrum |
genitive | þungari, þyngri | þungari, þyngri | þungari, þyngri |
Strong declension of superlative of þungr
singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | þungastr, þyngstr | þungust, þyngst | þungast, þyngst |
accusative | þungastan, þyngstan | þungasta, þyngsta | þungast, þyngst |
dative | þungustum, þyngstum | þungastri, þyngstri | þungustu, þyngstu |
genitive | þungasts, þyngsts | þungastrar, þyngstrar | þungasts, þyngsts |
plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
nominative | þungastir, þyngstir | þungastar, þyngstar | þungust, þyngst |
accusative | þungasta, þyngsta | þungastar, þyngstar | þungust, þyngst |
dative | þungustum, þyngstum | þungustum, þyngstum | þungustum, þyngstum |
genitive | þungastra, þyngstra | þungastra, þyngstra | þungastra, þyngstra |
Weak declension of superlative of þungr
singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | þungasti, þyngsti | þungasta, þyngsta | þungasta, þyngsta |
accusative | þungasta, þyngsta | þungustu, þyngstu | þungasta, þyngsta |
dative | þungasta, þyngsta | þungustu, þyngstu | þungasta, þyngsta |
genitive | þungasta, þyngsta | þungustu, þyngstu | þungasta, þyngsta |
plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
nominative | þungustu, þyngstu | þungustu, þyngstu | þungustu, þyngstu |
accusative | þungustu, þyngstu | þungustu, þyngstu | þungustu, þyngstu |
dative | þungustum, þyngstum | þungustum, þyngstum | þungustum, þyngstum |
genitive | þungustu, þyngstu | þungustu, þyngstu | þungustu, þyngstu |
Derived terms
- þunga (“to load”)
- þungafullr (“heavy; burdened”)
- þungan f (“burden”)
- þungavarnaðr m (“heavy goods”)
- þungavarningr m (“heavy goods”)
- þungbærr (“heavy to bear, burdensome”)
- þungeygr (“heavy eyed; dim-eyed”)
- þungfœrr (“heavy to move; infirm”)
- þunggengt (“difficult to walk”)
- þungi m (“heaviness, weight”)
- þungleikaaldr m (“age of infirmity”)
- þungleikr m (“heaviness, infirmity”)
- þungligr (“heavy, difficult”)
- þunglífr (“heavy in the body”)
- þungmeginn (“oppressed”)
- þungreiðr (“heavy to ride through”)
- þungræðr (“difficult, laborious”)
- þungyrkr (“hard, severe”)
- þyngd f (“heaviness, weight”)
- þynging f (“burden, heaviness”)
- þyngja (“to weigh down”)
- þyngsl n pl (“burden, heaviness”)
References
- þungr in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, G. T. Zoëga, Clarendon Press, 1910, at Internet Archive.
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