ö-
See also: Appendix:Variations of "o"
Ye'kwana
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ə-]
Prefix
ö-
- Marks a noun as having a second-person possessor.
- Marks a postposition as having a second-person object.
- Marks a transitive verb as having a second-person patient/object when the agent/subject is of third person with verb forms that take series I markers.
- Marks a transitive verb as having a second-person patient/object when the agent/subject is unspecified with verb forms that take series II markers.
- Marks an intransitive verb with patient-like argument as having a second-person argument/subject with verb forms that take series I markers and on all intransitive verbs with verb forms that take series II markers.
- Marks a verb form derived with n- and -dü or -'jüdü as having a second-person agent/subject.
Usage notes
The form taken by this prefix depends on the first syllable of the stem it attaches to:
- ö- if the first syllable begins with a consonant and its vowel is i, ö, or ü.
- öy- if the first syllable begins with a vowel i, ö, or ü. (No possessible nouns fall into this category; those that would have ö ablaut to e.)
- o- if the first syllable begins with a consonant and its vowel is o or u.
- oy- if the first syllable begins with a vowel o or u.
- a- if the first syllable begins with a consonant and its vowel is a or e.
- ay- if the first syllable begins with a vowel a or e.
In the Cunucunuma River dialect, the above forms with -y- have -d- instead.
Inflection
Ye'kwana personal markers
pronoun | noun possessor/ series II verb argument |
postposition object | series I verb argument | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
transitive patient | intransitive patient-like | intransitive agent-like | transitive agent | |||||||
first person | ewü | y-, ∅-, ü-, u-1 | w-, wi- | |||||||
first person dual inclusive | küwü | k-, kü-, ku-, ki- | k-, kii-, ki-1 | |||||||
second person | amödö | ö-, öy-/öd-, o-, oy-/od-, a-, ay-/ad- | m-, mi- | |||||||
first person dual exclusive | nña | y-/d-, ch-, ∅-, i-1 | chö- | ∅- | n-, ni- | |||||
third person | tüwü | n-, ni- | ||||||||
distant past third person | — | kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini- | ||||||||
coreferential/reflexive | — | t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te- | — | |||||||
reciprocal | — | — | öö- | |||||||
|
series I verb argument: transitive agent and transitive patient | |
---|---|
first person > second person | mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni- |
first person dual exclusive > second person | |
second person > first person | k-, kü-, ku-, ki- |
second person > first person dual exclusive | |
third person > any person X …or… any person X > third person | see person X in the chart above |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ə-]
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