áes
See also: Appendix:Variations of "aes"
Old Irish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /aːi̯s/
Etymology 1
From Proto-Celtic *aiwestom.
Noun
áes n (genitive aís, nominative plural áesa)
Inflection
| Neuter o-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | áesN | áesN | áesL, áesa |
| Vocative | áesN | áesN | áesL, áesa |
| Accusative | áesN | áesN | áesL, áesa |
| Genitive | aísL | áes | áesN |
| Dative | áesL | áesaib | áesaib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
| |||
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Perhaps, like etymology 1, derived from Proto-Celtic *aiw(i) (“in a lifetime”, locative).[1]
Noun
áes m (genitive aíso)
- (collective) folk, people
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 55d11
- Amal du·berad nech hi ceist do Dauid: “Húare is móir sléb fírinne Dǽ, cid ara fodmai-siu, ⟨a⟩ Dauid, didiu a ndu imnedaib ⁊ frithoircnib fo·daimi? Air it fírían-⟨s⟩u.” Ícaid-som didiu anísin, a n‑as·mbeir iudicia Domini abisus multa .i. ataat mesai Dǽ nephchomtetarrachti amal abis ⁊ amal fudumain. Is ed in sin fod·era in n‑erígim, cid ara fodaim int aís fírían inna fochaidi, ⁊ cid ara mbiat in pecthaig isnaib soinmechaib.
- As though someone had put as a question to David: “Because God’s righteousness is as great as a mountain, why then, David, dost thou suffer what of afflictions and injuries thou sufferest? For thou art righteous.” He solves that then when he says “iudicia Domini abyssus multa”, i.e. there are judgments of God incomprehensible like an abyss and like a depth. That is what causes the complaint why the righteous folk endure tribulations, and why sinners are in prosperity.
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 55d11
Usage notes
Almost always qualified by an adjective, a noun in the genitive case, or a relative clause describing what kind of folk are in question.
Inflection
| Masculine u-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | áes, aís | — | — |
| Vocative | áes, aís | — | — |
| Accusative | áesN, aís | — | — |
| Genitive | áesoH, áesaH, aísoH | — | — |
| Dative | áesL, aís | — | — |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
| |||
Derived terms
- áes carcre
- áes céilide
- áes comchotaig
- áes dána
- áes gráid
- áes léiginn
- áes noíb
- áes síde
- aís sechmaill
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| áes | unchanged | n-áes |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 áes ‘age’”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “2 áes ‘people’”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
References
- Vendryes, Joseph (1959) Lexique Étymologique de l'Irlandais Ancien [Etymological lexicon of Old Irish] (in French), volume A, Dublin, Paris: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, page A-20
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