Zenon Jankowski
Zenon Jankowski in 1978.
Born (1937-11-22) 22 November 1937
Poznań, Poland
Alma materPolish Air Force University
Occupation(s)Fighter pilot, astronaut
Space career
Interkosmos Cosmonaut
RankColonel (Polish People's Army)
Time in space
0s
Selection1976 Interkosmos Group
MissionsSoyuz 30 (reserve crew)

Zenon Jankowski (born 22 November 1937) is a retired fighter pilot, colonel of the Polish People's Army and astronaut. He was a reserve crew member of the 1978 Soyuz 30 space mission.

Biography

Zenon Jankowski was born on 22 November 1937 in the city of Poznań, Poland, into a working class family. In 1956, he graduated the Marcin Kasprzak High School (now known as the St. John Cantius High School) in Poznań.[1][2]

In 1956, he enrolled in the Officer Flight School No. 5 in Radom, Poland, and in 1957, he transferred to the Polish Air Force University in Dęblin, Poland. On 13 March 1960, he had graduated and was passed out with the rank of second lieutenant, and later the same year, was given the rank of lieutenant. Prior to his graduation, he became a flight instructor. Following his graduation, from 1960 to 1962, he taught second standard-bearer officer cadets how to pilot MiG-15 jet-powered fighter aircraft. Since 1962, he served in the fighter-bomber unit in the Polish People's Army Air Force.[1][2] Since 1964, he was a member of the Polish United Workers' Party.[3] In 1966, he was sent to the Academy of the General Staff of the Polish Army, which he graduated in 1969. Following his graduation, he served in the fighter-bomber unit, where he was the commander of the fighter-bomber flight unit, squadron's rifle service chief, squadron commander, and air regiment navigator. In 1976, he became the deputy commander of the air regiment, and was given the rank of lieutenant colonel.[1][2]

In 1976, Jankowki was included in the list of ten potential candidates to become astronauts from Poland, in the Interkosmos Soviet space program. By that time, he had spent over two thousand hours piloting planes. The candidates had spent two weeks training in Zakopane, following which, from them were chosen five people to the next phase of training and tests that took place in Poland and the Soviet Union. They were: Andrzej Bugała, Henryk Hałka, Mirosław Hermaszewski, Zenon Jankowski, and Tadeusz Kuziora. Shortly after, Andrzej Bugała was excluded from the list, with the remaining candidates continuing their tests and training, which lasted from October to November of 1976.[4][5]

On 27 November 1976, Hermaszewski and Jankowski were chosen as the two final candidates, and on 4 December 1976, they began their training in the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center, located in Zvyozdny gorodok, Soviet Union.[4] In July 1977, the candidates from Poland and Soviet Union were divided into pairs. Jankowski was paired up with Valery Kubasov, an engineer, who became the leader of their group. On 25 June 1978, was decided, that Pyotr Klimuk and Mirosław Hermaszewski, would be the primary crew, while Kubasov and Jankowski, a reserve crew, of the Soyuz 30 spacecraft mission.[4] Two days later, on 27 June 1978, the mission, with Klimuk and Hermaszewski on board, had begun, with the spacecraft reaching the orbit and docking to the Salyut 6 space station.[4][6] Duration of the mission, until 5 July 1978, Jankowski served as a consultant of flight director.[4][7]

Later, he returned to the service in the Polish People's Army Air Force. He eventually retired, with the rank of colonel.[7] After retiring, he moved to the town of Luboń, located near the city of Poznań, Poland.[8]

Private life

Jankowki has a wife, with whom, he has one child.[1] He resides in the town of Luboń, located near the city of Poznań, Poland.[8]

Commemoration

In 1978, Poczta Polska (Polish Post) had printed postage stamps, depicting Zenon Jankowki, with the caption reading The first Pole in space (Polish: Pierwszy Polak w kosmosie). Identical postage stamps, depicting Mirosław Hermaszewski were also printed. Both versions were made ahead of the start of Soyuz 30 mission, as it was not decided yet, who would be chosen for the mission. Following Hermaszewski being chosen for the mission, the stamps of Jankowki were ordered to be destroyed. However, around 800 stamps that were sent to a distributor in the United States, had survived.[8][9]

The history of Jankowki was depicted in 1978 documentary films Zenon Jankowski, and Wita was Polska. Both films were written and directed by Bohdan Świątkiewicz, and made by Wytwórnia Filmowa Czołówka (Czołówka Film Studio).[10][11]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Zenon Jankowski". astronaut.ru (in Russian).
  2. 1 2 3 "Eks-kosmonavty. Chast' 3". airbase.ru (in Russian).
  3. ↑ Kto jest kim w Polsce 1984, first edition. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Interpress, 1984, p. 329. ISBN 83-223-2073-6. (in Polish)
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Filip Czekała. "Dwa lata morderczych treningów, miał nawet swoje znaczki. Jednak nie poleciał". tvn24.pl (in Polish).
  5. ↑ Dariusz Kortko; Marcin Pietraszewski (31 August 2018). "'Najlepszy kandydat odpadł, bo mógł pokonać Hermaszewskiego'. Prawdziwa historia z Gwiezdnego Miasteczka". weekend.gazeta.pl (in Polish).
  6. ↑ Clark, Phillip (1988). The Soviet Manned Space Program. New York: Orion Books, a division of Crown Publishers, Inc. ISBN 0-517-56954-X.
  7. 1 2 "Zapomniany polski kosmonauta płk. Zenon Jankowski". jedynka.polskieradio.pl (in Polish). 18 July 2014.
  8. 1 2 3 Filip Czekała. "Dwa lata morderczych treningów, miał nawet swoje znaczki. Jednak nie poleciał". tvn24.pl (in Polish).
  9. ↑ "Look for unissued Polish space stamp for Soyuz mission". linns.com. 1 February 2021.
  10. ↑ "Zenon Jankowski". filmpolski.pl (in Polish).
  11. ↑ "Wita was Polska". filmpolski.pl (in Polish).
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