Wakabayashilite
Wakabayashilite on calcite
General
CategoryArsenic sulfide, Sulfosalt mineral
Formula
(repeating unit)		[(As,Sb)6S9][As4S5]
IMA symbolWak[1]
Strunz classification2.FA.40
Crystal systemOrthorhombic
Crystal classPyramidal (mm2)
H-M symbol: (mm2)
Space groupPna21
Unit cella = 25.262 Å, b = 14.563 Å
c = 6.492 Å and V = 2388.4 Å3; Z = 4
Identification
Formula mass1291.8 gram/mol
ColorGolden yellow, lemon yellow, orange yellow
Crystal habitFibrous
Cleavage{100} Perfect, {010} Perfect and {101} Perfect
Mohs scale hardness1.5
LusterSilky
StreakOrange, yellow
DiaphaneityTranslucent
Specific gravity3.98
PleochroismStrong
References[2][3]

Wakabayashilite is a rare arsenic, antimony sulfide mineral with formula [(As,Sb)6S9][As4S5].[4]

Discovery and occurrence

Wakabayashilite is a rare mineral first discovered in Nevada in the 1920s, but it was mistaken for a hair orpiment.[5] In the 1970s, wakabayashilite was found in Japan and scientifically identified as a new mineral.[6] It was named after Yaichiro Wakabayashi (1874–1943), a Japanese mineralogist of the Mitsubishi Mining Company in Japan.[2] Wakabayashilite has been discovered later in several places around the world such as in Saha Republic (Russia), Zhuang region (China) and Hautes-Alpes (France). In the United States, Wakabayashilite has been found at the White Caps Mine, in the Toquima Range of mountains, Nye County, Nevada. Other Nevada locations where the mineral has been found include the Getchel Mine, in the Osgood Mountains, Humboldt County, and at the Seminole-Regent Mine, in the Rawhide Mining District, Mineral County.[7] Originally, Wakabayashilite was found in druses of quartz associated with orpiment and realgar, however, it was later found embedded in calcite as well.[4] Generally, it mostly occurs with other arsenic minerals in high-arsenic gold deposits.[6]

Structure and optical properties

Even though Wakabayashilite possesses the hexagonal pseudosymmetry, it actually belongs to the orthorhombic crystal system meaning it contains three axes of different length but are mutually perpendicular to one another.[4][8] It also belongs to the space group Pna21.[4] For its optical properties, Wakabayashilite is a biaxial mineral and its color in plane polarized light is golden-yellow to lemon-yellow and it also has strong pleochroism.[3]

For now, since wakabayashilite is rare, it is of no obvious economical interest. However, there have been some recent research conducted on its interesting structure, pseudosymmetry and twinning.

References

  1. ↑ Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
  2. 1 2 Mindat.org Accessed 10 September 2010.
  3. 1 2 Webmineral data Accessed 10 September 2010.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Bonazzi, P., Lampronti, G. I., Bindi, L. and Zanardi, S. (2005) Wakabayashilite,[(As,Sb)6S9][As4S5]: Crystal structure, pseudosymmetry, twinning and revised chemical formula. American Mineralogist, 90, 1108–1114.
  5. ↑ Gibbs, R.B. (1985) The White Caps Mine, Manhattan. Nevada: Mineralogical Record, 16, 81-88.
  6. 1 2 "Wakabayashilite". www.mines.unr.edu. Archived from the original on 5 June 2010. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
  7. ↑ Castor, Stephen B.; Ferdock, Gregory C. (2003). Minerals of Nevada. NBMG Special Publication 31. Reno, Nevada: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology: University of Nevada Press. ISBN 0874178827.
  8. ↑ Klein, C., and Dutrow, B. (2007) The 23rd edition of the Manual of Mineral Science, 130. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Hoboken, New Jersey, U.S.A.
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