Waitstill Hastings Sharp | |
|---|---|
 Sharp in 1939 | |
| Born | Waitstill Hastings Sharp 1 May 1902 |
| Died | 25 February 1983 (aged 80) |
| Alma mater | Boston University (B.A., 1924)[3] Harvard Law (LL.B., 1926)[1][4] Harvard University (M.A., 1931)[1] |
| Occupation | Unitarian minister |
| Known for | humanitarian rescue work before and during World War II |
| Spouses | |
| Children | 2, including Martha Sharp Joukowsky[6] |
| Righteous Among the Nations |
|---|
 |
| By country |
Waitstill Hastings Sharp (1 May 1902– 25 February 1983) was a Unitarian minister who was involved in humanitarian and relief work in Czechoslovakia and Southern Europe during World War II.[7] In 2005, Sharp and his first wife Martha were named by Yad Vashem as Righteous among the Nations, the second and third of five Americans to receive this honor.
Early life and education
Sharp was born in Boston on May 1, 1902, son of Grace Hastings and naturalist, author, and professor Dallas Lore Sharp. Through his mother, he is a descendant of Thomas Hastings, who came from the East Anglia region of England to the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1634.
Sharp graduated from Boston University with an undergraduate degree in Economics and English in 1924,[3][1] from Harvard Law School with an LL.B. in 1926,[8] and with an M.A. from Harvard University in 1931.[4]
On June 13, 1928, he married Martha Ingham Dickie in Rye, New Hampshire,[9] the daughter of James Ingham and Alice Whalen, both immigrants from England who settled in Rhode Island. The ceremony was presided over by his father. A social worker involved with local internationalist and peace groups, Dickie remained his ministry partner throughout his outreach and rescue work in Europe during the Second World War.
Career
In his third year of law school, Sharp got to know Eugene Shippen, National Director of Religious Education for the American Unitarian Association (AUA), and minister of Second Church in Boston, and later became part-time director of religious education at Second Church.
In 1933 he was ordained a Unitarian minister, and he became the pastor at a small church in Meadville, Pennsylvania.[10] In April 1936, he was appointed pastor at the Unitarian Church of Wellesley Hills in Wellesley, Massachusetts.[4]
World War II rescue work
The Sharps were recruited by Reverend Everett Baker of the AUA to accept a posting in Czechoslovakia, as representatives of a new program to help endangered refugees, initiated by Robert Dexter. Beginning in 1939, Sharp and his wife administered relief to hundreds of endangered Jews and other refugees in Prague.
In the following year, Waitstill and Martha traveled to southern Europe to continue a relief and rescue program for endangered refugees as representatives of the newly formed Unitarian Service Committee. While visiting southern France, Waitstill worked closely with the World YMCA to help Czech servicemen escape from Vichy France. He also forged a collaboration with Varian Fry to look after Fry's refugee clients in Lisbon. In this capacity, Martha and Waitstill personally escorted the novelist Lion Feuchtwanger from Marseille, France, on his journey to America.[11]
Personal life
The Sharps had two children, Waitstill Hastings Jr. born in November 1931 and Martha Sharp Joukowsky, born in September 1936. The couple separated after World War II, and were divorced in 1954. Waitstill remarried on June 24, 1957, in Chicago, Illinois to Monica Clark.[12] He died in Greenfield, Massachusetts on February 25, 1983.[13]
Legacy
An educational curriculum including the Sharps is featured at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.[14]
The World War II work of the Sharps, including information about the context of their work among other relief workers, is detailed in a book by Susan Elisabeth Subak, Rescue and Flight, published in 2010.
A documentary film, Defying the Nazis: The Sharps' War, recounting the experiences of Waitstill and Martha Sharp, was co-directed by Ken Burns and the couple's grandson, Artemis Joukowsky III, of Sherborn, Massachusetts.[15][16]
Honours and decorations
Yad Vashem
On 9 September 2005, Martha and Waitstill Sharp were named by Yad Vashem as Righteous among the Nations, the second and third Americans to receive this honor (the first being Varian Fry).[17]
Decorations
Czechoslovakia: Officer of the Order of the White Lion (1946)[18]
References
- 1 2 3 4 "Martha and Waitstill Sharp: A Timeline of their Lives", Two Who Dared, film website
- ↑ Source Citation Number: 337-26-0571; Issue State: Illinois; Issue Date: Before 1951
- 1 2 Ancestry.com. U.S., School Yearbooks, 1880–2012 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, US: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010.
- 1 2 3 Di Figlia, Ghanda. "Martha Sharp Cogan (1905–1999) and Waitstill Sharp (1902–1983): Unitarian Service Committee Pioneers". Harvard Square Library. Retrieved 10 September 2016.
- ↑ "Martha and Waitstill Sharp Collection, ca. 1905–2005", United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
- ↑ Ancestry.com. U.S. Public Records Index, 1950–1993, Volume 1 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, US: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010.
- ↑ Nick Anderson (19 September 2016). "They risked their lives to rescue scores of people from the Nazis. Few knew their story until now". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C. ISSN 0190-8286. OCLC 1330888409.
- ↑ Harvard Alumni Association (1926). "LL.B. '26 Waitstill H. Sharp". Harvard Alumni Bulletin. Vol. 29, no. 1. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University. p. 32.
- ↑ Ancestry.com. New Hampshire, Marriage and Divorce Records, 1659–1947 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, US: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2013.
- ↑ "Sharp, Waitstill and Martha Sharp Cogan (1902–1984; 1905–1999)". Harvard Square Library. 28 July 2012. Retrieved 1 June 2017.
- ↑ Subak, Susan Elisabeth (2010). Rescue and Flight: American Relief Workers who Defied the Nazis. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0803230170. Retrieved 21 September 2016.
- ↑ Ancestry.com. Cook County, Illinois Marriage Index, 1930–1960 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, US: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2008.
- ↑ Number: 337-26-0571; Issue State: Illinois; Issue Date: Before 1951
- ↑ "Martha and Waitstill Sharp". Holocaust Encyclopedia. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved 10 September 2016.
- ↑ "Education".
- ↑ Jaworowski, Ken (8 September 2016). "Review: 'Defying the Nazis': An American Couple on a Rescue Mission". The New York Times. Retrieved 11 December 2018.
- ↑ Yad Vashem Staff (13 June 2006). "Waitstill and Martha Sharp". Yad Vashem [The Righteous Among The Nations, yadvashem.org ]. Jerusalem: The World Holocaust Remembrance Center. Retrieved 21 September 2016.
- ↑ "Československý řád Bílého lva" (PDF) (in Czech). Retrieved 20 November 2023.
Further reading
- Marino, Andy (2000). A Quiet American: The Secret War of Varian Fry. New York: St. Martin's Griffin. ISBN 9780312267674. Retrieved 10 September 2016.
- Kahn, Joseph P. (12 December 2005). "Deeds Earn Place Among the Righteous". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 10 September 2016.
- Lantos, Tom; et al. (22 January 2007). "Paying Tribute To Reverend Waitstill Sharp And Martha Sharp For Their Heroic Efforts To Save Jews During The Holocaust [comments made with respect to a resolution in the House of Representatives]". Capitol Words. 153 (12): h801–h805. Retrieved 21 September 2016.
Mr. Speaker, I move to suspend the rules and agree to the resolution (H. Res. 52) paying tribute to Reverend Waitstill Sharp and Martha Sharp for their recognition by the Yad Vashem Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority as Righteous Among the Nations for their heroic efforts to save Jews during the Holocaust. [Rep. Tom Lantos]
- Subak, Susan Elisabeth (2010). Rescue and Flight: American Relief Workers who Defied the Nazis. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0803230170. Retrieved 21 September 2016.