Vassar College
TypePrivate liberal arts college
Established1861 (1861)
Academic affiliations
Endowment$1.19 billion (2022)[1]
PresidentElizabeth H. Bradley
Academic staff
355 (2019)[2]
Undergraduates2,441 (2019)[3]
Location
Poughkeepsie Town, New York[4]
,
U.S.

41°41′15″N 73°53′45″W / 41.68750°N 73.89583°W / 41.68750; -73.89583
CampusSuburban, 1,000 acres (400 ha)[5]
NewspaperThe Miscellany News
Colors    Burgundy and gray[6]
NicknameBrewers
Sporting affiliations
NCAA Division III – Liberty League
MascotThe Brewer[7]
Websitewww.vassar.edu

Vassar College (/ˈvæsər/ VASS-ər) is a coeducational private liberal arts college in Poughkeepsie Town,[4] New York, United States. Founded in 1861 by Matthew Vassar, it was the second degree-granting institution of higher education for women in the United States. The college became coeducational in 1969.

The college offers BA degrees in more than fifty majors. Student groups at the college include theater and comedy organizations, a cappella groups, club sports teams, volunteer and service groups, and a circus troupe. Vassar College's varsity sports teams, known as the Brewers, play in the NCAA's Division III as members of the Liberty League. Currently, there are close to 2,500 students.

The college is one of the historic Seven Sisters, the first women's colleges in the U.S. The Vassar campus comprises over 1,000 acres (400 ha) and more than 100 buildings, including two National Historic Landmarks and an additional National Historic Place. A designated arboretum, the campus features more than 200 species of trees, a native plant preserve, and a 530-acre (210 ha) ecological preserve.

History

1861 oil portrait of Matthew Vassar by Charles Loring Elliott

Vassar was founded as a women's school under the name Vassar Female College in 1861.[8] Its first president was Milo P. Jewett, who had previously been first president of another women's school, Judson College;[9] he led a staff of ten professors and twenty-one instructors.[10] After one year, its founder, Matthew Vassar, had the word Female removed from the name, prompting some local residents of Poughkeepsie, New York, to quip that its founder believed it might one day admit male students. The college became coeducational in 1969.[8]

Vassar was the second of the Seven Sisters colleges, higher education schools that were strictly for women, and historically sister institutions to the all-male Ivy League colleges. It was chartered by its namesake, brewer Matthew Vassar, in 1861 in the Hudson Valley, about 70 miles (110 km) north of New York City. The first person appointed to the Vassar faculty was astronomer Maria Mitchell, in 1865.

Vassar adopted coeducation in 1969. Immediately following World War II, Vassar accepted a small number of male students on the G.I. Bill.[11] The formal decision to become co-ed came after its trustees declined an offer to merge with Yale University, its sibling institution, in the wave of mergers between the historically all-male colleges of the Ivy League and their Seven Sisters counterparts.[12]

Main Building, built in 1861 by architect James Renwick, Jr., had the most interior space of any building in the United States, until the U.S. Capitol was completed in 1868.[13]

In its early years, Vassar was associated with the social elite of the Protestant establishment. E. Digby Baltzell writes that "upper-class WASP families educated their children at colleges such as Harvard, Princeton, Yale, and Vassar."[14] A select and elite few of Vassar's students were allowed entry into the school's secret society Delta Sigma Rho, founded in 1922.[15] Before becoming President of the United States, Franklin Delano Roosevelt was a Trustee.[16]

Approximately 2,450 students attend Vassar, and 98% live on campus.[5] About 60% come from public high schools, and 40% come from private schools (both independent and religious).[5] Vassar is currently 56% women and 44% men, at national average for national liberal arts colleges.[17] Students are taught by more than 336 faculty members, virtually all holding the doctorate degree or its equivalent.[5] The student-faculty ratio is 8:1, average class size, 17.[5]

In recent freshman classes, students of color constituted 32–38% of matriculants.[5] International students from over 60 countries make up 8-10% of the student body.[5] In May 2007, Vassar returned to a need-blind admissions policy without regard to a student'S financial status.[18][19]

Vassar president Catharine Bond Hill departed in 2016. She was replaced by Elizabeth Howe Bradley in 2017.[20]

The college was listed as a census-designated place (Vassar College CDP) in 2019.[21]

Presidents

A woman in purple academic regalia passes a diploma to a student, out of frame.
Catharine Bond Hill served as college president from 2006 to 2016.
Name Dates
Milo P. Jewett 1861–1864
John H. Raymond 1864–1878
Samuel L. Caldwell 1878–1885
James Monroe Taylor 1886–1914
Henry Noble MacCracken 1915–1946
Sarah Gibson Blanding 1946–1964
Alan Simpson 1964–1977
Virginia B. Smith 1977–1986
Frances D. Fergusson 1986–2006
Catharine Bond Hill 2006–2016
Elizabeth H. Bradley 2017–present

Campus

The campus itself is in Poughkeepsie Town, adjacent to Poughkeepsie City.[4] The area around the campus appeared as a census-designated place (CDP) in the 2020 U.S. Census,[22] with a population of 2,472.[23]

Architecture

The Vassar College Observatory is one of two National Historic Landmarks on the college's campus, along with Main Building.

Vassar's campus, also an arboretum,[24] is 1,000 acres (400 ha) and has more than 100 buildings, ranging in style from Collegiate Gothic to International, with several buildings of architectural interest. At the center of campus stands Main Building, one of the best examples of Second Empire architecture in the United States. When it was opened, Main Building was the largest building in the U.S. in terms of floor space. It formerly housed the entire college, including classrooms, dormitories, museum, library, and dining halls.[13][25] The building was designed by Smithsonian architect James Renwick Jr. and was completed in 1865. It was preceded on campus by the original observatory. Both buildings are National Historic Landmarks. Rombout House was purchased by the college in 1915 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.[26][27]

Eero Saarinen made designs for several Vassar dormitories, but only one, the Emma Hartman Noyes House, was completed in 1958. Built for roughly 160 students, it was the first part of a circular construction that was to be continued in "Noyes II." The starkly modernist building's high cost and structural difficulties with the windows, however, led administrators to leave it at one.[28] The dorm's common area is famous for its futuristic design; readings and concerts are held there regularly.[29] The Noyes building was also the home of an all-female football team, the Noyes Nymphs, who competed against Ivy League teams in the 1960s and 1970s.[30]

Libraries

Vassar's Thompson Library

Vassar is home to one of the largest undergraduate library collections in the U.S. The library collection today – which actually encompasses eight libraries at Vassar – contains about 1 million volumes and 7,500 serial, periodical and newspaper titles, as well as an extensive collection of microfilm and microfiche, with special collections of Ellen Swallow Richards, Albert Einstein, Mary McCarthy, and Elizabeth Bishop.[31][32] Vassar has been a Federal Depository library for selected U.S. Government documents since 1943 and currently receives approximately 25% of the titles available through the Federal Depository Program.[33]

The interior and exterior of the Van Ingen Art Library was renovated from June 2008 – May 2009 in an effort to restore its original design and appearance. This was the library's first major renovation since its construction in 1937.[34]

Frances Lehman Loeb Art Center

The Frances Lehman Loeb Art Center

In November 2016, the gallery opened the Hoene Hoy Photography gallery on the second floor, named after Anne Hoene Hoy from the class of 1963.[35]

Capital improvements

Bridge for Laboratory Sciences exterior west nearing completion, March 2016

In 2011, Vassar embarked on a $120 million project to improve science facilities at the college, centering on the construction of a new Bridge for Laboratory Sciences.[36]

Davison, one of Vassar's nine residence houses, was renovated during the 2008–2009 school year. During the year of renovation, Davison's residents were absorbed into the college's remaining residence houses.[37] This was the second dorm to be renovated as part of the school's master plan to renovate all dorms, following Jewett a few years earlier. Lathrop was scheduled to be closed and renovated during the 2010–2011 school year, but complete renovation was postponed due to the economic downturn, with a number of improvements phased in instead. Improvements were also made to Josselyn in 2011.[38]

Housing

Vassar maintains housing for faculty;[39] the current complex opened in 2023.[40] The previous faculty housing facility, Williams, was to be demolished after 2020.[41] School-age dependents living on the Vassar faculty complex, as well as other areas in the Vassar College CDP, are within the Arlington Central School District,[42] which operates Arlington High School.

Academics

Rockefeller Hall, built in 1897, is home to the departments of Political Science, Philosophy, and Mathematics.

The most popular undergraduate majors, based on 2021 graduates, were:[43]

  • Biology/Biological Sciences (40)
  • Economics (37)
  • Political Science and Government (36)
  • English Language and Literature (33)
  • Biochemistry (25)
  • Neuroscience (25)
  • Computer and Information Sciences (23)

Admissions

Enrolled fall freshman statistics
  2022[44] 2021[45] 2020[46] 2019[47] 2018[48] 2017[49] 2016[50]
Applicants 11,41210,8848,6638,9618,3127,7467,2847,556
Admits 2,1292,1932,1262,1272,0431,8421,9641,947
Admit rate 18.7%20.1%24.5%23.7 %24.6%23.8%27.0%25.8%
Enrolled 681679594691685625659667
SAT mid-50% range* 1420-15401420-15401380-15001370-15101370-15101330-15001330-1490
ACT mid-50% range 32-3432-3431-3431-3331-3330-3330-33
* SAT out of 1600

For the class of 2027 (enrolling fall 2023), Vassar received 12,145 applications and accepted 17.7%. The combined average SAT scores of those who opted to submit their testing data was 1489 and the ACT composite average was 33. [51] For the class of 2026 (enrolling fall 2022), Vassar received 11,412 applications and accepted 18.7%.[52] For the class of 2025 (enrolling fall 2021), Vassar received 10,884 applications, a 25% increase over the previous year, and accepted 2,068 (19%).[53] For the class of 2023 (enrolling fall 2019), Vassar received 8,961 applications and accepted 2,127 (23.7%), with 691 enrolling.[46] For the class of 2025 (enrolling fall 2021),the middle 50% range of SAT scores for enrolling freshmen was 710-760 for evidence-based reading and writing, 710-780 for math, and 1420-1540 for the composite.[54] The middle 50% ACT score range was 28-33 for math, 32-34 for English, and 32-34 for the composite.[54]

Students of color (including non-citizens) made up 45.5% of the incoming class;[3] international students were 8.8% of enrolling freshmen.[3]

Rankings

Academic rankings
Liberal arts colleges
U.S. News & World Report[55]13
Washington Monthly[56]11
National
Forbes[57]73
THE / WSJ[58]56

The 2023 edition of U.S. News & World Report's "Best Colleges" ranked Vassar as the 13th best liberal arts college in the U.S. out of 223 rated. In previous years the college was ranked by U.S. News & World Report as high as tenth. Also in 2023, U.S. News & World Report ranked Vassar second for "Best Colleges for Veterans", 31st for "Best Value", tied at 20th for "Top Performers on Social Mobility", and 31st in "Best Undergraduate Teaching".[59] It also ranked Vassar tied for second among top liberal arts colleges for economic diversity as measured by low-income students receiving federal Pell Grants.[60]

In its 2021 edition, Washington Monthly ranked Vassar 11th among 215 liberal arts colleges in the U.S. based on its contribution to the public good, as measured by social mobility, research, and promoting public service.[61]

In its 2020 edition, The Princeton Review rated Vassar first for "Best Financial Aid" of all colleges and universities in the United States.[62] In its 2018 edition, The Princeton Review rated Vassar second best for financial aid and 41st best for "best value".[63] In 2019, Forbes rated Vassar 27th among liberal arts colleges and 61st overall in its America's Top Colleges ranking, which includes 650 military academies, national universities, and liberal arts colleges.[64] Kiplinger's Personal Finance places Vassar 11th in its 2019 ranking of the 149 best value liberal arts colleges in the United States.[65] Money magazine ranked Vassar 145th in the country out of 739 schools evaluated for its 2020 "Best Colleges for Your Money" edition.[66]

In an article in The Christian Science Monitor, Vassar president emeritus Catharine Bond Hill argued that rankings "will always be limited in what they can tell consumers. Part of higher education's role about the rankings should be to remind students and their families that these are only one piece of information that they should take into account in deciding where to go to college. Intangibles will and should play a role in these decisions, but that doesn't mean we shouldn't also look at the tangibles".[67]

Post-graduation outcomes

Over half of Vassar graduates pursue advanced study within five years of graduation, including one-fifth immediately post-graduation.[68] Of the seniors who applied to medical school in 2017, 76% were accepted; to law school, 96% were accepted.[68]

Student life

Traditions

Vassar students celebrating Founder's Day in 1935

Founder's Day is an annual campus festival at Vassar College that usually takes place in late April or early May. It started as a surprise birthday party for college founder Matthew Vassar's seventy-fourth birthday and evolved into an annual celebration.[69] Originally, Founder's Day was a spontaneous event consisting of lectures, but was soon replaced with plays, pageants, and more recreational activities. Circus and fair activities followed, with the eventual addition of the modern day music events over the course of two days. More recently themes have been added, including Alice in Wonderland,[70] Dinosaurs,[71] Vintage 1800s Vassar,[72] Nickelodeon, Nintendo, and Candyland.[72] Recent artists at Founder's Day have included The Walkmen, Edan, DJ /rupture, Odd Nosdam, Jel,[73] Toro y Moi,[74] and Odesza.[75]

Extracurricular organizations

A row of singers dressed mostly in pink and black support a soloist holding a microphone in front of a full house in a small, darkened, crowded auditorium.
The Vastards performing in 2014
  • The Night Owls, established in the 1940s, are, as of 2017, one of the oldest extant collegiate a cappella groups in the United States, and one of nine vocal music groups at Vassar.[76][77] Other groups include the Vastards (specializing in the music of the 2000s), Broadway and More (BAM; showtunes), the Accidentals (the Axies; the sole all-men's a cappella group at Vassar), Beauty and the Beats (focusing on music from Disney movies), Home Brewed (formerly Matthew's Minstrels, the college's first mixed-gender a cappella group), the Vassar Devils, Measure 4 Measure (both themeless groups), and AirCappella (an all-whistling ensemble).[77] Some a cappella groups tour and compete, including the Vassar Devils, who competed in the 2015 International Championship of Collegiate A Cappella.[78][79][80]
  • The Philaletheis Society, which was founded in 1865 as a literary society, is the oldest theater group on campus. It has now become a completely student run theater group.[81] Others include Unbound (experimental theater), Woodshed (a troupe focused on devised theater), and Idlewild (an all-female ensemble).[82] Britomartis, Vassar's only theater group exclusively creating devised theater, was founded in 2011.[83] Further groups include the Future Waitstaff of America (for musical theater), Ebony Theatre Ensemble (focusing on Black theater), and two Shakespeare-specific troupes, Shakespeare Troupe and Merely Players.[82] Performances happen throughout campus including in the Susan Stein Shiva Theater, an all-student-run black box theater. The college also hosts the Powerhouse Summer Theater workshop series.
  • Happily Ever Laughter ("HEL") is the college's oldest continually active sketch comedy group, founded in 1993.[84] Another comedy group, Big K!dz (formerly No Offense), which was started by two former members of an earlier group called Laughingstock (for which recognition by the student assembly was withdrawn in March 2000, as a result of a controversial sketch),[85] was started in September 2000.[86] Another sketch comedy group The Limit was started a few years later.[87] Indecent Exposure, an all-women's troupe performing both sketch and stand-up comedy, was founded in 2004.[88] Comedy Normative, which began in 2009, performs exclusively stand-up comedy.[89] Vassar has three improv comedy groups: Vassar College Vassar Improv (VCVI), Committed, and Casual Improv.[90][91][92]
  • The Vassar Greens are Vassar's environmental group.[93]
  • Vassar College Television (VCTV) is the college's first student-run video production company.[94]

Campus publications

An all-text newspaper broadsheet with the flag reading "The Vassar Miscellany News"
Front page of the May 20, 1922, Miscellany News
  • The Miscellany News has been the weekly paper of the college since 1866, making it one of the oldest college weeklies in the United States.[95] It is available for free most Thursdays when school is in session. In 2008–09, it became one of the only college newspapers in the country to begin updating its website daily.
  • Squirm "is a submissions-based magazine about sex and sexuality. Squirm seeks to create a sex-positive forum on campus for the artistic, literary, and creative exploration of sex."[96] The magazine, published annually since 1999, typically runs around 60 pages and is only distributed to the campus community.[97]
  • Boilerplate Magazine is a student-run publication that calls itself an "alternative news source... that aims to publish radical pieces and creative works which address issues through a socially conscious lens." Due to its independence from collegiate funds, Boilerplate Magazine is generally more critical of the college than other student-run outlets.[98][99]
  • Unscrewed (1 October 1976 - 1 April 1989) was a student-run consumer report on campus residential and classroom safety, local food and drug price comparison, an annual local pizza delivery survey, and long-term topics such as the college's endowment and staffing.[100]

Radio station

WVKR, 91.3 FM, is the college's radio station, established in 1971. The station's disc jockeys, primarily student volunteers, play an eclectic variety of music genres.

Student government

In March 2016, in a 15–2 vote, the Vassar Student Association (VSA) passed a resolution calling for the support of the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement and the boycott of Israel.[101][102] In April 2016, the BDS resolution went to a school-wide referendum, where it was defeated 573–503.[103]

Athletics

The Butterbeer Broooers, Vassar's Muggle Quidditch team

Vassar teams, known as the Brewers, compete in Division III of the NCAA, as a member of the Liberty League. The nickname originates from the college's founder and namesake Matthew Vassar, whose family ran a brewery in Poughkeepsie and would later amass a sizable fortune in the industry.

In 2008, the Vassar men's volleyball team made the school's first appearance in a national championship game, beating UC Santa Cruz 3–0 in the semifinal before falling to Springfield in the championship game.[104]

In 2007, the Vassar cycling team hosted the Eastern Collegiate Cycling Championship in Poughkeepsie and New Paltz, New York. The competition included a 100-mile (160 km) road race over the Shawangunk Mountains in New Paltz as well as a criterium in Poughkeepsie just blocks from the school's campus.[105]

In a controversial move, on November 5, 2009, the athletics department leaders decided the men's and women's rowing team would transition over a two-year period from a varsity to a club sport as a cost-saving measure.[106]

In 1940, 1941 and 1942, Vassar athletes won national intercollegiate women's tennis championships each year in both singles (Katharine Hubbell) and doubles (Hubbell, Carolyn "Lonny" Myers).[107][108]

In 2018, the Vassar women's rugby team won the school's first team national championship, beating Winona State 50–13 in the final of the USA Rugby Women's Division 2.[109]

Notable people

Notable Vassar alumni include:

Notable attendees who did not graduate from Vassar include:

Notable Vassar faculty include:

See also

References

  1. ↑ NTS Public Tables
  2. ↑ "Vassar College Common Data Set 2019-2020, Part I" (PDF). Vassar College.
  3. 1 2 3 "Vassar College Common Data Set 2019-2020, Part B" (PDF). Vassar College.
  4. 1 2 3 "2020 CENSUS - CENSUS BLOCK MAP (INDEX): Poughkeepsie town, NY" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. p. 1 (PDF p. 2/3). Retrieved December 16, 2023.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "About Vassar". Vassar College. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
  6. ↑ "Color - Style Guidelines". Retrieved August 28, 2020.
  7. ↑ O'Connor, Acacia (October 8, 2004). "Vassar mascot suits school's spirit". The Miscellany News. Retrieved February 5, 2015.
  8. 1 2 Honan, William H. (May 14, 2000). "Three Decades of Men at Vassar". The New York Times. Retrieved March 25, 2015.
  9. ↑ "Milo P. Jewett - Vassar College Encyclopedia - Vassar College".
  10. ↑ "History - Vassar Info - Vassar College". info.vassar.edu.
  11. ↑ Winum, Jessica (Fall 2000). "Vassar's Vets: Forgotten Grads". Vassar, the Alumnae/i Quarterly. Archived from the original on December 1, 2008. Retrieved March 25, 2015.
  12. ↑ "The Vassar-Yale Study". Vassar College Encyclopedia. Vassar College. 2007. Retrieved October 10, 2011.
  13. 1 2 "Main Building". Vassar College Encyclopedia. Vassar College. 2005. Retrieved September 7, 2013.
  14. ↑ Baltzell, E. Digby (1994). Judgment and Sensibility: Religion and Stratification. Transaction Publishers. p. 8. ISBN 1-56000-048-1.
  15. ↑ "Branch of secret society at Vassar". Vassar Miscellany News. May 13, 1922. Retrieved January 27, 2017.
  16. ↑ "Franklin Delano Roosevelt: Local Trustee". Vassar College Encyclopedia. Vassar College. Retrieved August 11, 2007.
  17. ↑ "Prospective Students FAQ". Admissions. Vassar College. Retrieved March 25, 2015.
  18. ↑ "Vassar College returns to "need blind" admissions policy - Communications - Vassar College". Archived from the original on June 15, 2007.
  19. ↑ "FAQs - Admissions - Vassar College". Vassar College. Archived from the original on January 5, 2014. Retrieved December 5, 2013.
  20. ↑ Brant, Abbott (January 11, 2017). "Vassar College elects Elizabeth Howe Bradley president". The Poughkeepsie Journal. Retrieved January 11, 2017.
  21. ↑ "State of New York Census Designated Places - Current/BAS20 - Data as of January 1, 2019". U.S. Census Bureau. January 1, 2019. Retrieved February 8, 2020.
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  29. ↑ "Ambient Noyes". Metropolis. Vol. 20, no. 4–6. Bellerophon Publications. 2000. p. 26.
  30. ↑ "Yale Freshmen Challenge Nymphs". Vassar Miscellany News. October 24, 1962. p. 5.
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  34. ↑ Farkas, Brian (March 27, 2008). "Renovations to make Art Library a work of art, history". The Miscellany News. Retrieved March 29, 2008.
  35. ↑ Gopalakrishnan, Sasha (November 9, 2016). "Loeb opens new photo gallery". The Miscellany News. Retrieved November 28, 2016.
  36. ↑ Morgan, Jamie. "Vassar College – Integrated Science Center". Construction Today. Retrieved March 25, 2015.
  37. ↑ Herts, Julianne (February 28, 2008). "Res Life: No singles for sophomores". The Miscellany News. Retrieved March 28, 2008.
  38. ↑ Benan, Kevin (October 6, 2011). "Dorm Updates Continue on Basis of Need". The Miscellany News. Retrieved March 25, 2015.
  39. ↑ Hertz, Larry (August 29, 2022). "Vassar Building 40 Units of New Faculty Housing". Vassar College. Retrieved December 17, 2023. [...]Watson Road between Hooker and Raymond avenues[...]
  40. ↑ Hertz, Larry (July 17, 2023). "New Faculty Apartment Building Delights College and Community Alike". Vassar College. Retrieved December 17, 2023.
  41. ↑ Phelps, Talya; Moss, Jessica (April 3, 2019). "Faculty housing to be demolished". The Miscellany News. Retrieved December 17, 2023.
  42. ↑ "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Dutchess County, NY" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. pp. 3-5 (PDF pp. 4-6/7). Retrieved December 16, 2023.
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  46. 1 2 "Vassar College Common Data Set 2019-2020, Part C" (PDF). Vassar College.
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  52. ↑ "Class of 2026 profile" (PDF). Vassar College. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
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  54. 1 2 "Common Data Set 2021-2022" (PDF). Vassar College. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
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  56. ↑ "2023 Liberal Arts Rankings". Washington Monthly. Retrieved September 25, 2023.
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  58. ↑ "Wall Street Journal/Times Higher Education College Rankings 2022". The Wall Street Journal/Times Higher Education. Retrieved July 26, 2022.
  59. ↑ "Vassar College: U.S. News Best Colleges Rankings". U.S. News & World Report. 2022. Retrieved September 14, 2021.
  60. ↑ "Economic Diversity Among the Top 25 Liberal Arts Colleges". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved September 14, 2021.
  61. ↑ "2021 Liberal Arts College Rankings". Washington Monthly. Retrieved September 14, 2021.
  62. ↑ "Best Financial Aid". The Princeton Review. 2020. Retrieved February 6, 2020.
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  64. ↑ "America's Top Colleges". Forbes. August 15, 2019.
  65. ↑ "College Finder". Kiplinger's Personal Finance. July 2019.
  66. ↑ "The Best Colleges in America, Ranked by Value". Money. August 25, 2020.
  67. ↑ Hill, Catharine Bond (July 19, 2007). "A better way to rank America's colleges". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved September 7, 2013.
  68. 1 2 "After Vassar". Admissions. Vassar College. Retrieved April 30, 2019.
  69. ↑ "Founder's Day". Vassar College Encyclopedia. Vassar College. Retrieved March 25, 2015.
  70. ↑ Smith, Stephanie (April 10, 1998). "Founder's Day features Alice in Wonderland". The Miscellany News. Retrieved March 25, 2015.
  71. ↑ "Vassar Student Association Council Agenda for January 26, 2014" (PDF). Vassar Student Association. January 26, 2014. Retrieved March 25, 2015.
  72. 1 2 Clevenger, Caitlin (February 10, 2011). "Founder's Day Theme Announced". The Miscellany News. Retrieved March 25, 2015.
  73. ↑ Bock, Matthew (April 22, 2010). "Brief history of a day that's all too brief". The Miscellany News. Retrieved March 25, 2015.
  74. ↑ Manian, Shruti (April 28, 2011). "Founder's Day bands to include array of students, alums". The Miscellany News. Retrieved February 13, 2015.
  75. ↑ Kohl, Samantha (April 30, 2014). "Founder's Day headliner balances college and EDM". The Miscellany News. Retrieved March 25, 2015.
  76. ↑ Bruno, Maryann; Daniels, Elizabeth A. (2001). Vassar College. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing. p. 90. ISBN 978-0-7385-0454-4.
  77. 1 2 Gopalakrishnan, Sasha (September 14, 2016). "A Cappella Preview Concert showcases campus voices". The Miscellany News. Archived from the original on December 23, 2016. Retrieved January 10, 2017.
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  96. ↑ "Squirm Mission Statement". Organizations. Vassar Student Association. Retrieved November 1, 2011.
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  100. ↑ "Unscrewed". Hudson River Valley Heritage Historical Newspapers. Retrieved November 1, 2018.
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  102. ↑ "Vassar College student government passes BDS resolution - Jewish Telegraphic Agency". www.jta.org. March 7, 2016.
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  107. ↑ "Pre-NCAA women's collegiate tennis". Tennis Forum. Retrieved May 25, 2021 – via Newspapers.com. (Boston Globe, 1929-1953. St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 1954-1963.)
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Further reading

  • Bruno, Maryann; Daniels, Elizabeth A. (2001). Vassar College. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7385-0454-4.
  • Elet, Yvonne; Duncan, Virginia (2019). "Beatrix Farrand and campus landscape at Vassar: pedagogy and practice, 1925–29". Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscapes. 39 (2): 105–136. doi:10.1080/14601176.2018.1556509. S2CID 150106489.
  • Horowitz, Helen Lefkowitz (1993). Alma mater: design and experience in the women's colleges from their nineteenth-century beginnings to the 1930s (2nd ed.). Amherst, MA: University of Massachuchusetts Press. ISBN 0-87023-869-8. online
  • Solomon, Barbara Miller. In the Company of Educated Women: A History of Women and Higher Education in America (Yale University Press, 1985) online
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