VA RNA
Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of VA
Identifiers
SymbolVA
RfamRF00102
Other data
RNA typeGene
Domain(s)Eukaryota; Viruses
SOSO:0005836
PDB structuresPDBe

The VA (viral associated) RNA is a type of non-coding RNA found in adenovirus.[1][2] It plays a role in regulating translation.[3] There are two copies of this RNA called VAI or VA RNAI and VAII or VA RNAII. These two VA RNA genes are distinct genes in the adenovirus genome. VA RNAI is the major species with VA RNAII expressed at a lower level. Neither transcript is polyadenylated and both are transcribed by PolIII.

Function

VAI stimulates the translation of both early and late viral genes including E3 and hexon.[4] VAII does not stimulate translation. Transient transfection assays have shown that VAI-RNA increases the stability of ribosome-bound transcripts.[5]

VAI RNA is processed in the cell to create 22 nucleotide long RNAs that can act as siRNA or miRNA.[6] VAI RNA functions as a decoy RNA for the double stranded RNA activated protein kinase R which would otherwise phosphorylate eukaryotic initiation factor 2.

Structure

VA RNA is composed of two stem-loops separated by a central region essential for function.[7]

References

  1. ↑ Mathews, MB (1995). "Structure, function, and evolution of adenovirus virus-associated RNAs". Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. 199: 173–187. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-79499-5_7. ISBN 978-3-642-79501-5. PMID 7555067.
  2. ↑ Kidd, AH; Garwicz D; Oberg M (1995). "Human and simian adenoviruses: phylogenetic inferences from analysis of VA RNA genes". Virology. 207 (1): 32–45. doi:10.1006/viro.1995.1049. PMID 7871747.
  3. ↑ Thimmappaya, B; Weinberger C; Schneider RJ; Shenk T (1982). "Adenovirus VAI RNA is required for efficient translation of viral mRNAs at late times after infection". Cell. 31 (3 Pt 2): 543–551. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(82)90310-5. PMID 6297772. S2CID 42720272.
  4. ↑ Svensson, C; Akusjarvi G (1984). "Adenovirus VA RNAI: a positive regulator of mRNA translation". Mol Cell Biol. 4 (4): 736–742. doi:10.1128/mcb.4.4.736. PMC 368790. PMID 6201722.
  5. ↑ Strijker, R; Fritz DT; Levinson AD (1989). "Adenovirus VAI-RNA regulates gene expression by controlling stability of ribosome-bound RNAs". EMBO J. 8 (9): 2669–2675. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb08407.x. PMC 401273. PMID 2583126.
  6. ↑ Sano M, Kato Y, Taira K (2006). "Sequence-specific interference by small RNAs derived from adenovirus VAI RNA". FEBS Lett. 580 (6): 1553–1564. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2006.01.085. PMID 16472808. S2CID 6612125.
  7. ↑ Ma, Y; Mathews MB (1996). "Secondary and tertiary structure in the central domain of adenovirus type 2 VA RNA I". RNA. 2 (9): 937–951. PMC 1369428. PMID 8809020.
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