Utah monolith
A metallic pillar with rectangular sides in a sandstone canyon
The monolith at its original location
Location where the monolith was found
ArtistUnknown
Year2016
TypeMetal sculpture
Mediumstainless steel or aluminum (assumed)
Dimensions291 cm × 50.6 cm × 58 cm (114.5 in × 19.92 in × 23.0 in)[1]
Conditiondisassembled but later reassembled
Locationformerly Lockhart Basin in San Juan County, Utah, United States; 27 km (17 mi) southwest of Moab, currently held at undisclosed location by the Bureau of Land Management
Coordinates38°20′35.1″N 109°39′58.3″W / 38.343083°N 109.666194°W / 38.343083; -109.666194

The Utah monolith was a metal pillar that stood in a red sandstone slot canyon in northern San Juan County, Utah, United States. The pillar is 3 m (9.8 ft) tall and made of metal sheets riveted into a triangular prism. It was unlawfully placed on public land between July and October 2016; it stood unnoticed for over four years until its discovery and removal in late 2020. The identity of its makers is unknown, as are their objectives.

Utah state biologists discovered the monolith in November 2020 during a helicopter survey of wild bighorn sheep. Within days of its discovery, members of the public found the pillar using GPS mapping software and made their way to the remote location. Following intense media coverage, it was covertly removed on November 27, 2020, by four residents of Moab, Utah. After nearly a month in their possession, the monolith was given to the Bureau of Land Management and is currently in their custody.[2][3][4]

Following the discovery of the monolith, over two hundred similar metal columns were erected in other places throughout the world,[5] including elsewhere in North America and countries in Europe and South America.[6] Many were built by local artists as deliberate imitations of the Utah monolith.[7]

Discovery

On November 18, 2020, state biologists of the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources were in southeastern Utah carrying out a survey of bighorn sheep from a helicopter when one of the biologists spotted the pillar and told the pilot, Bret Hutchings, to fly over the location again.[8] Hutchings described the moment:[9]

One of the biologists is the one who spotted it and we just happened to fly directly over the top of it. He was like, "Whoa, whoa, whoa, turn around, turn around!" And I was like, "What?" And he's like, "There's this thing back there – we've got to go look at it!"

Hutchings noted that the object appeared man-made, and had been planted in the ground instead of being dropped from the sky.[9]

On November 20, the Utah Department of Public Safety (DPS) posted a photo of the pillar on Instagram.[10] On November 23, the DPS released videos and photographs of the object, but not its exact location, on their website saying: "DPS Aero Bureau Encounters Monolith in Red Rock Country".[11]

Location and dating

Petroglyphs of bighorn sheep near Moab, Utah

The monolith was installed by unknown individuals on public land in a red sandstone slot canyon in Lockhart Basin, in northern San Juan County. It was located in an area that was removed from the Bears Ears National Monument (a protected area in Utah) in 2017;[12][13] the area was later added once more to the national monument in 2021.[14] The site had no public services such as parking, restrooms, or cell phone service.[15]

The exact location of the monolith was not disclosed by the DPS, to prevent people from endangering themselves while trying to find it.[9] Within hours of the DPS announcement, Reddit user Tim Slane had identified the object on Google Earth.[16] Slane compared the flight path of the state biologists' helicopter against the red-and-white sandstone terrain from their videos. Slane told The Verge that "he was aided by clues like the cliffs' height, the canyon's erosion pattern (indicating a more exposed area), and a flat floor suggesting it wasn't frequently flooded (and, by extension, was near the top of a watershed)".[17] Google Earth satellite images showed that the monolith was installed between August 2015 and October 2016, and that surrounding scrub vegetation had been cleared.[18][19]

Dutch journalist Nouska du Saar, who specializes in open-source intelligence, used Maxar satellite images to determine that the monolith appeared between July 7, 2016 and October 21, 2016.[20][21]

Within 48 hours of the DPS announcement, members of the public had reached the site and uploaded photographs and videos of the monolith to social media.[22] Local residents began to fear a surge in foot traffic could damage local Native American sites and artifacts.[23]

Description

The metal structure stood 3 m (9.8 ft) tall above the bedrock, with each of the sides being 58 cm (23 in) wide.[1] A triangular prism,[12] it had three sides, was not magnetic, and appeared to be made of 1/8th inch stainless steel or aluminum sheets, joined with rivets, with a hollow interior.[24][25][26] There was silicone caulk or epoxy along the base, and striking the metal produced a dampened sound indicating some type of insulation inside.[27][28] The pillar was assembled using blind rivets, indicating human origins but making it difficult to determine its age.[29][30]

Dave Sparks of the TV show Diesel Brothers went to the monolith and described it in a video he posted on Instagram. "They got a concrete saw and they cut it into the red rock there", he said. "You can see right here on the bottom where they had a couple of over cuts with the saws."[26] Wendy Wischer of the University of Utah's School of Fine Art said, "One person alone could not have done it so there is a group of people who have some knowledge of it somewhere. Most artists want some recognition for what they are doing but this seems to include a level of humor and mystery as part of the intention".[22]

Painting by Georges Yatridès of a slab monolith, like the one that appears in the 1968 film 2001: A Space Odyssey.

On first discovering the pillar, the DPS described it as a "monolith",[11] a term since repeated by other major media outlets.[31] Although the word monolith refers to a single great stone, the word has also become closely associated with the Monolith from the movie 2001: A Space Odyssey, to which the Utah monolith bears circumstantial resemblance.[32][10]

Attribution

The object was compared to works by artist John McCracken (1934–2011), who lived in the southwest desert, believed in the existence of extraterrestrials, and expressed an interest in leaving behind a piece of artwork in the desert.[32] The object resembled the metallic monoliths McCracken made, and was described as "nearly identical" to McCracken's Fair (2011) by New York gallerist David Zwirner (who displays the work).[32] This statement was subsequently retracted by a Zwirner spokesman, who said that it was more likely created by another artist paying homage to McCracken.[33]

It was suggested that the monolith was the work of Petecia Le Fawnhawk, who has installed sculptures in desert locations and lived in Utah, but she has said that it was not her work.[22] A builder of similar monoliths, Derek DeSpain, who "lives in Utah near where the new monolith was found", was also suggested as its creator, based on a screenshot of Instagram images by photographer Eliot Lee Hazel.[28]

The Utah Film Commission said that to their knowledge the monolith was not part of any film production.[30] The New York Times said its unknown origin "provides a pleasant sensation of uncertainty", and that it might "lose its aura and power if we knew who had created it".[2]

Legality

Bureau of Land Management photo captioned "vehicles parking on vegetation causing resource damage close to the site"

The DPS released a statement quoting Bureau of Land Management (BLM) regulations that it is illegal to install structures (including art), on public lands without permission, "no matter what planet you're from".[8][11]

The Utah Department of Heritage & Arts said in a statement on their Twitter feed that the monolith is vandalism, and are concerned about damage to ancient artwork and archeological artifacts in the region.[34][35]

The #UtahMonolith has prompted discussions about public art and inspired people to visit the site, despite efforts to keep it secret. Our department includes @UT_Indian @UTHistory @UtahArtsMuseums, and we want to raise a couple of important points. [...]

First, debates about #UtahMonolith as artistic statement shouldn’t equate it with rock art. This piece is a contemporary statement. Ancient petroglyphs, pictographs, and rock art are protected archaeological treasures with established cultural and historical significance.

While curiosity is understandable, we discourage visiting the monolith. Along with safety concerns, increased crowds threaten the archaeological resources in the area. Unintentional damage is still damage.

If you still choose to visit, please do not damage any rock art and don’t gather archaeological items such as arrowheads. Leave the area as undisturbed as possible.

Finally, while the monolith has better craftsmanship than graffiti, this is still vandalism. It irreversibly altered the natural environment on public lands. While the monolith is interesting, we cannot condone vandalism of any type.

— Utah Department of Heritage & Arts (28 November 2020)[35]

Removal

The site of the monolith following its removal, in a picture taken on November 28, 2020

The Utah division of the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) said that it received credible reports that the monolith was removed on the evening of November 27, 2020, by a then-unknown party, now known to be the Moab-based recreationists Andy Lewis, Sylvan Christensen, Homer Manson, and an anonymous companion.[36][37] Several adventure photographers posted details and pictures about the dismantling and removal of the monolith.[2] One witness reported that the four men had pushed the monolith over without tools, while onlookers watched, saying "this is why you don't leave trash in the desert" before breaking it apart and carrying away the pieces in a wheelbarrow. The group referred to the conservation ethic of "Leave No Trace".[2][38] Photos of the site afterwards posted by visitors showed that all was left was a triangular metal piece (see photo), and witnesses reported seeing a pickup truck driving away from the site, carrying an object, as they approached.[39][40][41]

The BLM in Utah released a statement on the agency Facebook page on November 28, 2020, saying they did not remove the monolith, and because the structure is considered private property they would not investigate it further, leaving it to the local sheriff's office.[42][43] The local San Juan County Sheriff's Office said they could not devote the resources,[44] although they did post a Most Wanted poster on their Facebook page.[2][43] On November 30, 2020, authorities reversed their initial decision, and planned a joint investigation with the Bureau of Land Management. Alan Freestone, chief deputy in San Juan County, confirmed on December 1, stating: "I know they have some leads, and that's all we are saying right now."[2]

Four days after the monolith's removal, Lewis and Christensen posted a video online entitled "We Removed the Utah monolith", showing what they claimed was themselves and two other people hauling away the Utah monolith in a wheelbarrow.[2][45][46][47] Christensen posted the same video to TikTok and Instagram citing "clear precedents for how we share and standardize the use of our public lands, natural wildlife, native plants, fresh water sources, and human impacts upon them", and highlighting the damage done to the area by the large number of sightseers arriving in an area with no parking facilities or restrooms. In several interviews since the video's release, Christensen said he had received hateful comments and threats of death and physical harm as a result of his video.[4][47]

On December 20, 2020, over a month after the monolith's initial discovery, Lewis released a pre-recorded video on Instagram, allegedly in response to the numerous death threats, showing what appeared to be the Utah monolith intact in his backyard, contrary to speculation that it had been destroyed. He claimed that he and his friends had also heard of plans to completely destroy it on the night of its eventual removal, plans that they later found to be true, so his team removed it before it could be destroyed by others. He also revealed that they had since donated it to the Bureau of Land Management to investigate its origin and creation, and eventually find a new home for it.[4][48]

Similar monoliths

Monolith near the Knappschaftskrankenhaus Lütgendortmund (Germany)

Shortly after the discovery of the monolith in Utah, over two hundred additional monoliths which resembled the Utah monolith began appearing at various locations across the world.[5][6][7] In some cases, local artists came forward to claim responsibility for them, citing the Utah monolith as their inspiration.[49][50] Other monoliths were created and installed by small businesses for promotional purposes.[51][52]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Richards, Jeff (25 November 2020). "Mystery of metal monolith at least partly solved as sleuths figure out its location". Saint George News. Archived from the original on 16 December 2020. Retrieved 27 November 2020.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Kovaleski, Serge F.; Solomon, Deborah; Rosenberg, Zoe (December 1, 2020). "Earthlings, It Seems, Not Aliens, Removed the Utah Monolith – A photographer said four men dismantled the mysterious shiny object that has captivated the country. – Updated 12/02/2020". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 16, 2020. Retrieved December 2, 2020.
  3. ↑ "Artist or aliens? Mystery surrounds Utah monolith's appearance and disappearance". NBC News. 2020-11-30. Archived from the original on 2020-12-16. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  4. 1 2 3 Brown, Meaghen (2020-12-23). "The Saga of the Monolith Isn't Over Yet". Outside Online. Retrieved 2020-12-26.
  5. 1 2 "Monolith Tracker". Monolith Tracker. 2020-11-18. Retrieved 2021-01-02.
  6. 1 2 Taub, Matthew (16 December 2020). "Trying to Make Sense of the Mystery Monolith Craze of 2020". Atlas Obscura. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
  7. 1 2 Palumbo, Jacqui (5 December 2020). "Is the Utah monolith this year's viral art moment?". CNN. Archived from the original on 16 December 2020. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
  8. 1 2 Asmelash, Leah (24 November 2020). "Utah helicopter crew discovers mysterious metal monolith deep in the desert". CNN. Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  9. 1 2 3 Holpuch, Amanda (24 November 2020). "Helicopter pilot finds 'strange' monolith in remote part of Utah". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 23 November 2020. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  10. 1 2 Was a Mysterious Monolith Found in Utah? Archived 2020-12-16 at the Wayback Machine Dan Evon, Snopes, 24 November 2020
  11. 1 2 3 "DPS Aero Bureau Encounters Monolith in Red Rock Country". Utah Department of Public Safety. 18 November 2020. Archived from the original on 16 December 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
  12. 1 2 Maffly, Brian (November 24, 2020). "Mysterious shiny monolith found in otherworldly Utah desert". The Salt Lake Tribune. Archived from the original on November 25, 2020. Retrieved November 24, 2020.
  13. ↑ "Mysterious Utah monolith's creator remains a secret, but its location no longer is". The Mercury News. Bay Area News Group. November 27, 2020. Archived from the original on December 16, 2020. Retrieved November 29, 2020.
  14. ↑ "FACT SHEET: President Biden Restores Protections for Three National Monuments and Renews American Leadership to Steward Lands, Waters, and Cultural Resources". The White House. October 8, 2021.
  15. ↑ "Monolith in Utah desert is gone". The Daily Sentinel. November 29, 2020. Archived from the original on November 30, 2020. Retrieved November 30, 2020.
  16. ↑ "Help me find this obelisk in remote Utah wilderness". Reddit. November 24, 2020. Archived from the original on 2020-11-30. Retrieved November 30, 2020.
  17. ↑ Robertson, Adi (2020-11-24). "Even Utah's mysterious monolith may be no match for Google Earth". The Verge. Archived from the original on 2020-12-16. Retrieved 2020-11-25.
  18. ↑ Panecasio, Steph (November 25, 2020). "Mysterious monolith puzzle has been solved by internet sleuths". CNET. Archived from the original on December 16, 2020. Retrieved November 26, 2020.
  19. ↑ O'Donoghue, Amy Joi (November 25, 2020). "What will happen with mysterious shiny monolith found in otherworldly Utah desert?". Deseret News. Archived from the original on December 16, 2020. Retrieved November 29, 2020.
  20. ↑ "Un "mystérieux monolithe de métal" dans le désert de l'Utah: quand est-il apparu? Et qui a bien pu l'installer là?". RTBF. November 25, 2020. Archived from the original on December 16, 2020. Retrieved November 29, 2020.
  21. ↑ Jabłonowski, Krzysztof (November 25, 2020). "Jak odnaleźć metalowy monolit na pustyni, nie wychodząc z domu – potencjał geolokalizacji". TVN24. Archived from the original on November 25, 2020. Retrieved November 29, 2020.
  22. 1 2 3 Ponniah, Kevin; Nagesh, Ashitha (27 November 2020). "Utah monolith: Internet sleuths got there, but its origins are still a mystery". BBC News. Archived from the original on 16 December 2020. Retrieved 27 November 2020.
  23. ↑ "Utah monolith already attracting crowds – locals worried about people's safety and damage to the land". 3 KSN. Nexstar. November 25, 2020. Archived from the original on 28 November 2020. Retrieved November 25, 2020.
  24. ↑ Jensen, Erin (November 27, 2020). "'Hollow, riveted, not magnetic': Hikers discover location of Utah's mysterious monolith". USA Today. Archived from the original on December 16, 2020. Retrieved November 28, 2020.
  25. ↑ Bryant, Miranda (November 27, 2020). "Visitors track down mystery desert monolith in Utah". The Guardian. Archived from the original on December 16, 2020. Retrieved November 28, 2020.
  26. 1 2 Smith, Tracy (November 25, 2020). "Mysterious Monolith – Diesel Brothers Dave Sparks discovers the location". ABC4. Archived from the original on 26 November 2020. Retrieved November 26, 2020.
  27. ↑ Podmore, Zak; Maffly, Brian (27 November 2020). "Utah's mystery desert sculpture: art or graffito?". The Salt Lake Tribune. Archived from the original on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 27 November 2020.
  28. 1 2 Felton, James (November 27, 2020). "The Mystery Of The Utah Monolith May Have Been Solved By Internet Sleuths". IFLScience!. Archived from the original on December 16, 2020. Retrieved November 28, 2020.
  29. ↑ Britschgi, Christian. "Giant Metal Monolith Discovered In Utah Desert Possibly Extraterrestrial, Definitely a Code Violation". Reason. Archived from the original on December 16, 2020. Retrieved November 29, 2020.
  30. 1 2 Yuhas, Alan (November 24, 2020). "A Weird Monolith Is Found in the Utah Desert". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 16, 2020. Retrieved November 25, 2020.
  31. ↑ Scribner, Herb (November 25, 2020). "What is the Utah monolith?". Deseret News. Archived from the original on December 16, 2020. Retrieved November 25, 2020.
  32. 1 2 3 Deborah Solomon (November 27, 2020). "Did John McCracken Make That Monolith in Utah?". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 16, 2020. Retrieved November 27, 2020.
  33. ↑ Angeleti, Gabriella (24 November 2020). "Alien visitors or avant-garde installation? Mysterious monolith discovered in the Utah desert". www.theartnewspaper.com. Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 29 November 2020.
  34. ↑ Leonard, Wendy (November 28, 2020). "Mysterious monolith disappears from remote southeast Utah desert". Deseret News. Archived from the original on December 16, 2020. Retrieved November 28, 2020.
  35. 1 2 "Utah monolith: Twitter". Utah Department of Heritage & Arts. 28 November 2020. Archived from the original on 16 December 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
  36. ↑ Gardiner, Jennifer (November 28, 2020). "Mysterious Utah Monolith disappears". ABC4. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved November 28, 2020.
  37. ↑ Pietsch, Bryan (November 29, 2020). "That Mysterious Monolith in the Utah Desert? It's Gone, Officials Say – The metal structure has been removed, Utah officials said on Saturday, adding that they had not taken it down". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 16, 2020. Retrieved November 29, 2020.
  38. ↑ Bernards, Ross (November 30, 2020). "Ross Bernard – Instagram". Instagram. Archived from the original on December 2, 2020. Retrieved December 1, 2020.
  39. ↑ Rosenblatt, Kalhan (November 29, 2020). "Mysterious monolith in rural Utah has vanished, officials say – "We have received credible reports that the illegally installed structure, referred to as the 'monolith' has been removed," officials said in a statement". NBC News. Archived from the original on December 16, 2020. Retrieved November 29, 2020.
  40. ↑ Tabin, Sara; Maffly, Brian; Podmore, Zak (November 28, 2020). "Utah's desert obelisk has disappeared". The Salt Lake Tribune. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved November 28, 2020.
  41. ↑ Evelyn, Kenya (29 November 2020). "Mystery metal monolith vanishes from Utah desert". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 29 November 2020.
  42. ↑ Alexander, Bryan. "Mysterious Utah monolith disappears from the desert, removed by 'unknown party'". USA TODAY. Archived from the original on 2020-12-16. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  43. 1 2 Staff (November 29, 2020). "Facebook – Utah San Juan County Sheriff's Office – "Most Wanted" Poster of "Suspects"". Facebook – Utah San Juan County Sheriff's Office. Archived from the original on December 16, 2020. Retrieved December 1, 2020.
  44. ↑ AP in Salt Lake City (30 November 2020). "Police will not investigate disappearance of Utah mystery monolith". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 16 December 2020. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
  45. ↑ We REMOVED the Utah monolith on YouTube
  46. ↑ Podmore, Zak (December 1, 2020). "Moab's 'Mr. Slackline' claims he was behind the removal of the Utah monolith". The Salt Lake Tribune. Archived from the original on 16 December 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
  47. 1 2 Alexander, Bryan (December 2, 2020). "Meet the outdoor sportsmen who say they removed the Utah monolith: 'If you think we're proud, we're not'". USA Today. Archived from the original on December 16, 2020. Retrieved December 3, 2020.
  48. ↑ Lewis, Andy. "What...? We didn't destroy The Utah Monolith?!". Instagram. Archived from the original on 2021-12-24. Retrieved 4 January 2021.
  49. ↑ "Isle of Wight monolith: Designer claims responsibility for structure". BBC News. 2020-12-08. Archived from the original on 2020-12-08. Retrieved 2020-12-08.
  50. ↑ Bahr, Sarah (December 6, 2020). "California Men Declare Themselves Makers of Pine Mountain Monolith – Four artist-fabricators say they made the mysterious manifestation in stainless steel that sprang up in Atascadero. Meanwhile, two others rise". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 16, 2020. Retrieved December 7, 2020.
  51. ↑ "The story behind Pittsburgh's mysterious monolith in the Strip District | TribLIVE.com". triblive.com. 6 December 2020. Archived from the original on 2020-12-16. Retrieved 2020-12-09.
  52. ↑ "New monolith appears not so mysteriously in West Jordan". KJZZ. 4 December 2020. Archived from the original on 16 December 2020. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
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