Lenzi pictured in black-and-white
Lenzi at the 2008 Sitges Film Festival

Umberto Lenzi (August 6, 1931 – October 19, 2017) was an Italian film director whose filmography encompassed a ranges of genres across a prolific career. Born in Massa Marittima, Tuscany, Lenzi studied law before enrolling at the Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia in Rome.[1] As part of his studies, he wrote and directed the short film Ragazzi di Trastevere, based on Pier Paolo Pasolini's novel Ragazzi di vita.[2] During this time, he worked as a film critic for the Centro's journal Bianco e Nero, and was an avid follower of both European and American films, favouring the work of directors John Ford, Raoul Walsh, and Michael Curtiz.[3]

Lenzi's production career began as a location scout for the 1958 film Raw Wind in Eden; his directorial debut would come with 1961's pirate film Queen of the Seas.[lower-alpha 1][1] Lenzi worked across a broad variety of film genres, helming Spaghetti Westerns, gialli, spy films, war films, and poliziotteschi across his career.[1][5] He was also an early figure in the cannibal boom as a result of his work on 1972's Man from the Deep River, along with later cannibal follow-ups Eaten Alive! (1980) and Cannibal Ferox (1981); these films would feature on the United Kingdom's "video nasties" list of banned releases.[1] Although dismissive of his horror films and their cult following among fans, Lenzi believed that his work on genre films, and that of his peers in the Italian film industry, effectively bankrolled more artistic output from his compatriots.[1]

Stylistically, Lenzi regularly made use of prominent close-up shots of his actors and employed zoom lens effects,[1] but preferred to be seen primarily as a storyteller who was not heavy-handed with cinematic effects.[6] Towards the end of his film career, Lenzi worked on foreign productions in the United States, including Welcome to Spring Break and Ghosthouse (both 1988), as well as directing a pair of television films for ReteItalia, La casa delle anime erranti and La casa dei sortilegi. He would continue to produce small-market films for a few years before retiring from film-making to become an author of detective fiction.[5] Lenzi died at the age of 86, on October 19, 2017.[1][5]

Filmography

A black-and-white headshot of Pier Paolo Pasolini
Lenzi's studies at the Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia included the direction of a short film based on the novel Ragazzi di vita by Pier Paolo Pasolini (pictured).[2]
A headshot of Glenn Saxson
1966's Kriminal (star Glenn Saxson pictured), an adaptation of the comic of the same name, is considered the first film adaptation of an Italian fumetti neri comic.[7]
A stack of VHS tapes
Several of Lenzi's films were included on the United Kingdom's "video nasty" list. Actor Me Me Lai, who had starred in Mangiati vivi! and Il paese del sesso selvaggio, later worked as an English police officer responsible for confiscating the same films she featured in.[1]
A black-and-white headshot of Carroll Baker
Several of Lenzi's giallo thrillers starred Carroll Baker (pictured in 1962).[5]
Year Italian release title English titles Director Writer Notes Ref(s)
1956 Ragazzi di Trastevere Yes Yes Short, student film [2][4]
1958 Raw Wind in Eden Location scout [1]
1960 Apocalisse sul fiume giallo
  • The Dam on the Yellow River
  • Yellow River
 Assistant director [8][9]
1961 Costantino il grande: In hoc signo vinces
  • Constantine and the Cross
  • Constantine the Great
 Assistant director [10][11]
1961 Il terrore dei mari
  • Guns of the Black Witch
 Yes Story [12][13]
1961 Le avventure di Mary Read
  • Hell Below Deck
  • Queen of the Seas
 Yes [14][15]
1962 Le verdi bandiere di Allah Slave Girls of Sheba Yes Story [16][17]
1962 Duello nella sila Duel of Fire Yes [18][19]
1962 Il trionfo di Robin Hood Triumphs of Robin Hood Yes [20][21]
1963 Caterina di Russia Catherine of Russia Yes [22][23]
1963 L'invincibile cavaliere mascherato The Invincible Masked Rider Yes [24][25]
1963 Zorro contro Maciste Samson and the Slave Queen Yes Yes [26][27]
1963 Sandokan, la tigre di Mompracem Sandokan the Great Yes Yes Story and screenwriter [28][29]
1964 I tre sergenti del Bengala Yes [30][31]
1964 Sandok, il Maciste della giungla Yes Yes [32][33]
1964 L'ultimo gladiatore Yes [34][35]
1964 I pirati della Malesia Yes [36][37]
1965 A 008, operazione Sterminio Yes [38][39]
1965 La montagna di luce Yes [40][41]
1965 Superseven chiama Cairo Super Seven Calling Cairo Yes Yes [42][43]
1966 Kriminal Yes Yes Screenwriter and story [44]
1966 Un milione di dollari per sette assassini Yes Yes [45][46]
1966 Le spie amano i fiori The Spy Who Loved Flowers Yes Yes [47][48]
1968 Il figlio di Aquila Nera Yes Story [49][50]
1968 Tutto per tutto Yes [51][52]
1968 Una pistola per cento bare Pistol for a Hundred Coffins Yes [53][54]
1969 Orgasmo Paranoia Yes Yes [55]

[56]

1969 La legione dei dannati Battle of the Commandos Yes [57][58]
1969 Così dolce... così perversa
  • So Sweet.... So Perverse
  • Kiss Me, Kill Me
 Yes [59][60][61]
1970 Paranoia Yes [62][63]
1971 Un posto ideale per uccidere Yes [64][65]
1972 Il coltello di ghiaccio Knife of Ice Yes [66][67]
1972 Il paese del sesso selvaggio
  • Man from Deep River
  • Sacrifice!
 Yes [68][69]
1972 Sette orchidee macchiate di rosso Seven Blood-Stained Orchids Yes [70][71]
1973 Milano rovente
  • Gang War in Milan
  • Burning City
 Yes Yes [72]
1974 Spasmo Yes Yes [73][74]
1974 Milano odia: la polizia non può sparare
  • Almost Human
  • The Death Dealer
 Yes [75]
1975 Gatti rossi in un labirinto di vetro Eyeball Yes [76][77]
1975 L'uomo della strada fa giustizia
  • Manhunt in the City
  • The Manhunt
 Yes [78]
1975 Il giustiziere sfida la città
  • Syndicate Sadists
  • Rambo's Revenge
  • One Just Man
  • Final Payment
 Yes [79]
1976 Con la rabbia agli occhi Producer [80][81]
1976 Napoli violenta
  • Violent Naples
  • Death Dealers
 Yes [82]
1976 Roma a mano armata
  • Rome Armed to the Teeth
  • Assault With a Deadly Weapon
 Yes Yes [83]
1976 Il trucido e lo sbirro Free Hand for a Tough Cop Yes Yes Story and screenplay [84]
1977 Il cinico, l'infame, il violento The Cynic, the Rat and the First Yes Yes [85]
1977 La banda del gobbo Brothers Till We Die Yes Yes Story and screenplay [86]
1978 Il grande attacco Yes Yes [87][88]
1979 De Dunquerque à la victoire Yes Yes [89][90]
1979 Scusi lei è normale? Yes [91][92]
1979 Da Corleone a Brooklyn From Corleone to Brooklyn Yes Yes Story and screenplay [93]
1980 Mangiati vivi! Eaten Alive! Yes [94][95]
1980 Incubo sulla città contaminata Nightmare City Yes Cameo appearance [96][97]
1981 Cannibal Ferox Yes Yes [98]
1982 Pierino la peste alla riscossa Yes [99][100]
1982 Incontro nell'ultimo paradiso Yes [101][102]
1982 Cicciabomba Yes [103][104]
1983 La guerra del ferro: Ironmaster Ironmaster Yes [105][106]
1985 Squadra selvaggia Yes [107][108]
1985 I cinque del condor Yes [109][110]
1987 Un ponte per l'inferno Yes [111][112]
1987 Tempi di guerra Yes Yes [113][114]
1988 Rage: Furia primitiva Yes [115][116]
1988 La casa 3 Ghosthouse Yes Yes Screenwriter and Story [117]
1988 Welcome to Spring Break Nightmare Beach Yes Yes [118][119]
1988 Striker Yes [120][121][122]
1989 Cop Target Yes Cameo appearance [123][124]
1989 Paura nel buio Hitcher in the Dark Yes [125][126]
1989 Le porte dell'inferno Yes Yes [127][128]
1990 Cacciatore dello scorpione d'oro Yes [129][130][131]
1990 Hornsby e Rodriguez Yes [132][133]
1991 Black Demons Yes Yes Story [134][135]
1991 Detective Malone Yes [80]
1993 Gli occhi dentro Yes[lower-alpha 2] [138][136]
1993 Graffiante desiderio Yes [139]
2000[lower-alpha 3] La casa delle anime erranti Yes Yes Television film [141]
2000[lower-alpha 3] La casa dei sortilegi Yes Yes Television film [141]
2013 I Tarantiniani Yes Interviewee [142]

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Lenzi's first film as a director, the 1958 Greek production Mia Italida stin Ellada, was never released.[4]
  2. ↑ The British Film Institute's archive credits Lenzi under the pseudonym Henrik Montgomery, alongside Bruno Mattei, as directors of this film;[136] other sources solely credit it to Mattei.[137]
  3. 1 2 Year of release in Italy[140]
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Gaughan, Gavin (November 5, 2017). "Umberto Lenzi: Italian cult director who made his mark as an innovator of the cannibal genre". The Independent. Retrieved October 14, 2021.
  2. 1 2 3 Ercolani 2019, p. 30.
  3. ↑ Ercolani 2019, p. 21.
  4. 1 2 Curti 2013, p. 296.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Vitali, Alessandra (October 19, 2017). "È morto Umberto Lenzi, papà del Monnezza e dei film più amati da Tarantino". La Repubblica (in Italian). Retrieved October 14, 2021.
  6. ↑ Ercolani 2019, pp. 21–22.
  7. ↑ Vishnevetsky, Ignatiy (May 23, 2014). "A black-and-white supercriminal gets the full-color treatment". The A.V. Club. Retrieved October 14, 2021.
  8. ↑ "Apocalisse sul fiume giallo (1960)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 15, 2021. Retrieved October 15, 2021.
  9. ↑ "Collections Search – Apocalisse sul fiume giallo". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 27, 2021. Retrieved October 27, 2021.
  10. ↑ "Collections Search – Costantino il grande – In hoc signo vinces". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 27, 2021. Retrieved November 9, 2021.
  11. ↑ Kinnard & Crnkovich 2017, p. 41.
  12. ↑ "Collections Search – Il terrore dei mari". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 27, 2021. Retrieved October 27, 2021.
  13. ↑ Kinnard & Crnkovich 2017, p. 77.
  14. ↑ "Collections Search – Le avventure di Mary Read". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 27, 2021. Retrieved October 27, 2021.
  15. ↑ Kinnard & Crnkovich 2017, p. 133.
  16. ↑ "Le verdi bandiere di Allah (1962)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on January 14, 2019. Retrieved October 15, 2021.
  17. ↑ "Collections Search – Le verdi bandiere di Allah". British Film Institute. Retrieved October 27, 2021.
  18. ↑ "Duello nella sila (1962)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 15, 2021. Retrieved October 15, 2021.
  19. ↑ "Collections Search – Duello nella sila". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 27, 2021. Retrieved October 27, 2021.
  20. ↑ "Il trionfo di Robin Hood (1962)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on August 8, 2020. Retrieved October 15, 2021.
  21. ↑ "Collections Search – Il trionfo di Robin Hood". British Film Institute. Retrieved October 27, 2021.
  22. ↑ "Collections Search – Caterina di Russia". British Film Institute. Retrieved October 27, 2021.
  23. ↑ Kinnard & Crnkovich 2017, p. 34.
  24. ↑ "Collections Search – L'invincibile cavaliere mascherato". British Film Institute. Retrieved October 27, 2021.
  25. ↑ Kinnard & Crnkovich 2017, p. 102.
  26. ↑ "Zorro contro Maciste (1963)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on June 9, 2019. Retrieved October 15, 2021.
  27. ↑ Kinnard & Crnkovich 2017, p. 145.
  28. ↑ "Sandokan the Great". American Film Institute. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
  29. ↑ "<< I re del sole>>: storia dei Maya <<Sandokan, la tigre di Mompracem>>". La Stampa (in Italian). December 20, 1963. p. 4. Retrieved November 14, 2021.
  30. ↑ "I tre sergenti del Bengala (1964)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on December 4, 2020. Retrieved October 15, 2021.
  31. ↑ "Collections Search – I tre sergenti del Bengala". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 27, 2021. Retrieved October 27, 2021.
  32. ↑ "Sandok, il Maciste della giungla (1964)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on December 4, 2016. Retrieved October 15, 2021.
  33. ↑ "Collections Search – Sandok, il Maciste della giungla". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 27, 2021. Retrieved October 27, 2021.
  34. ↑ "L'ultimo gladiatore (1964)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 26, 2020. Retrieved October 15, 2021.
  35. ↑ "Collections Search – L'ultimo gladiatore". British Film Institute. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
  36. ↑ "I pirati della Melesia (1964)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on September 9, 2017. Retrieved October 15, 2021.
  37. ↑ "Collections Search – I pirati della Melesia". British Film Institute. Retrieved October 27, 2021.
  38. ↑ "A 008 operazione Sterminio (1965)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 15, 2021. Retrieved October 15, 2021.
  39. ↑ "Collections Search – A 008 operazione Sterminio". British Film Institute. Retrieved October 27, 2021.
  40. ↑ "La montagna di luce (1965)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 15, 2021. Retrieved October 15, 2021.
  41. ↑ "Collections Search – La montagna di luce". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 27, 2021. Retrieved October 27, 2021.
  42. ↑ "Superseven chiama Cairo (1965)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 15, 2021. Retrieved October 15, 2021.
  43. ↑ "Collections Search – Superseven chiama Cairo". British Film Institute. Retrieved October 27, 2021.
  44. ↑ Curti 2016, p. 47.
  45. ↑ "Un milione di dollari per sette assassini (1966)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on January 19, 2021. Retrieved October 15, 2021.
  46. ↑ "Collections Search – Un milione di dollari per sette assassini". British Film Institute. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
  47. ↑ "Le spie amano i fiori (1966)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 15, 2021. Retrieved October 15, 2021.
  48. ↑ "Collections Search – Le spie amano i fiori". British Film Institute. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
  49. ↑ "Il figlio di Aquila Nera (1968)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on January 25, 2021. Retrieved October 15, 2021.
  50. ↑ "Collections Search – Il figlio di Aquila Nera". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 13, 2023. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
  51. ↑ "Tutto per tutto (1968)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved October 15, 2021.
  52. ↑ "Collections Search – Tutto per tutto". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 28, 2021. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
  53. ↑ "Una pistola per cento bare (1968)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved October 16, 2021.
  54. ↑ "Collections Search – Una pistola per cento bare". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 28, 2021. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
  55. ↑ Shipka 2011, p. 317.
  56. ↑ Firsching, Robert. "Orgasmo (1968)". Allmovie. Rovi Corporation. Archived from the original on August 4, 2012. Retrieved February 11, 2013.
  57. ↑ "Die zum Teufel gehen". Filmportal.de (in German). Retrieved July 30, 2017.
  58. ↑ Brennan, Sandra. "La Legione dei dannati". Archived from the original on July 26, 2012. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
  59. ↑ Firsching, Robert. "Kiss Me, Kill Me". AllMovie. Archived from the original on August 4, 2012. Retrieved August 3, 2017.
  60. ↑ "Cosi dolce, cosi perversa (1969) Umberto Lenzi" (in French). Bifi.fr. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
  61. ↑ Deighan, Samm (July 31, 2018). "So Sweet, So Perverse: The Giallo Films of Umberto Lenzi, Part 1". Diabolique Magazine. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
  62. ↑ "Paranoia (1970)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 15, 2021. Retrieved October 16, 2021.
  63. ↑ "Collections Search – Paranoia". British Film Institute. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
  64. ↑ "Un posto ideale per uccidere (1971)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 15, 2021. Retrieved October 16, 2021.
  65. ↑ "Collections Search – Un posto ideale per uccidere". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 28, 2021. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
  66. ↑ "Il coltello di ghiaccio (1972)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 15, 2021. Retrieved October 16, 2021.
  67. ↑ "Collections Search – Il coltello di ghiaccio". British Film Institute. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
  68. ↑ "Il paese del sesso selvaggio (1972)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 15, 2021. Retrieved October 16, 2021.
  69. ↑ "Collections Search – Il paese del sesso selvaggio". British Film Institute. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
  70. ↑ "Sette orchidee macchiate di rosso (1972)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 15, 2021. Retrieved October 16, 2021.
  71. ↑ "Collections Search – Sette orchidee macchiate di rosso". British Film Institute. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
  72. ↑ Curti 2013, p. 82-83.
  73. ↑ "Collections Search – Spasmo". British Film Institute. Retrieved November 9, 2021.
  74. ↑ Cooper, Tracie. "Spasmo". AllMovie. Archived from the original on October 20, 2012. Retrieved October 24, 2018.
  75. ↑ Curti 2013, p. 105.
  76. ↑ "Gatti rossi in un labirinto di vetro (1975)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on June 20, 2021. Retrieved October 16, 2021.
  77. ↑ "Collections Search – Gatti rossi in un labirinto di vetro". British Film Institute. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
  78. ↑ Curti 2013, p. 142.
  79. ↑ Curti 2013, p. 152.
  80. 1 2 "Umberto Lenzi – Movies and Filmography". AllMovie. Retrieved October 7, 2021.
  81. ↑ Capua 2014, p. 170.
  82. ↑ Curti 2013, p. 200-201.
  83. ↑ Curti 2013, p. 162-163.
  84. ↑ Curti 2013, p. 174.
  85. ↑ Curti 2013, p. 211.
  86. ↑ Curti 2013, p. 206-207.
  87. ↑ "Il grande attacco (1978)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on September 27, 2016. Retrieved October 16, 2021.
  88. ↑ "Collections Search – Il grande attacco". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 28, 2021. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
  89. ↑ "De Dunquerque à la victoire (1979)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on May 5, 2018. Retrieved October 16, 2021.
  90. ↑ "Collections Search – De Dunquerque à la victoire". British Film Institute. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
  91. ↑ "Scusi lei è normale? (1979)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on June 10, 2018. Retrieved October 16, 2021.
  92. ↑ "Collections Search – Scusi lei è normale?". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 28, 2021. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
  93. ↑ Curti 2013, p. 258.
  94. ↑ "Mangiati vivi! (1980)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on January 23, 2021. Retrieved October 16, 2021.
  95. ↑ "Collections Search – Mangiati vivi!". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 28, 2021. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
  96. ↑ "Incubo sulla città contaminata (1980)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 16, 2021. Retrieved October 16, 2021.
  97. ↑ "Collections Search – Incubo sulla città contaminata". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 28, 2021. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
  98. ↑ Firsching, Robert. "Cannibal Ferox". AllMovie. Archived from the original on 15 November 2012. Retrieved 10 August 2017.
  99. ↑ "Pierino la peste alla riscossa (1982)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved October 16, 2021.
  100. ↑ "Collections Search – Pierino la peste alla riscossa". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 28, 2021. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
  101. ↑ "Incontro nell'ultimo paradiso (1982)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 16, 2021. Retrieved October 16, 2021.
  102. ↑ "Collections Search – Incontro nell'ultimo paradiso". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 28, 2021. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
  103. ↑ "Cicciabomba (1982)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 16, 2021. Retrieved October 16, 2021.
  104. ↑ "Collections Search – Cicciabomba". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 28, 2021. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
  105. ↑ "La guerra del ferro: Ironmaster (1983)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on June 22, 2021. Retrieved October 16, 2021.
  106. ↑ "Collections Search – La guerra del ferro: Ironmaster". British Film Institute. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
  107. ↑ "Squadra selvaggia (1985)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on May 21, 2018. Retrieved October 16, 2021.
  108. ↑ "Collections Search – Squadra selvaggia". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 28, 2021. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
  109. ↑ "I cinque del condor (1985)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on May 21, 2018. Retrieved October 16, 2021.
  110. ↑ "Collections Search – I cinque del condor". British Film Institute. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
  111. ↑ "Un ponte per l'inferno (1987)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 16, 2021. Retrieved October 16, 2021.
  112. ↑ "Collections Search – Un ponte per l'inferno". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 28, 2021. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
  113. ↑ "Tempi di guerra (1987)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on May 21, 2018. Retrieved October 16, 2021.
  114. ↑ "Collections Search – Tempi di guerra". British Film Institute. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
  115. ↑ "Rage: Furia primitiva (1988)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 16, 2021. Retrieved October 16, 2021.
  116. ↑ "Collections Search – Rage: Furia primitiva". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 28, 2021. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
  117. ↑ Curti 2019, pp. 154–155.
  118. ↑ "Welcome to Spring Break (1988)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on August 5, 2020. Retrieved October 16, 2021.
  119. ↑ "Collections Search – Welcome to Spring Break". British Film Institute. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
  120. ↑ "Striker (1989)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on May 21, 2018. Retrieved October 16, 2021.
  121. ↑ "Collections Search – Striker". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 28, 2021. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
  122. ↑ "A New War-Thriller! Grand Opening Today". Manila Standard. Standard Publications, Inc. March 17, 1988. p. 10. Retrieved August 9, 2020.
  123. ↑ "Cop Target (1989)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on May 5, 2019. Retrieved October 16, 2021.
  124. ↑ "Collections Search – Cop Target". British Film Institute. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
  125. ↑ "Paura nel buio (1989)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 16, 2021. Retrieved October 16, 2021.
  126. ↑ "Collections Search – Paura nel buio". British Film Institute. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
  127. ↑ "Le porte dell'inferno (1989)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 16, 2021. Retrieved October 16, 2021.
  128. ↑ "Collections Search – Le porte dell'inferno". British Film Institute. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
  129. ↑ Lancia & Melelli 2006, p. 38.
  130. ↑ "Cacciatore dello scorpione d'oro (1990)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 16, 2021. Retrieved October 16, 2021.
  131. ↑ "Collections Search – Cacciatore dello scorpione d'oro". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 28, 2021. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
  132. ↑ "Hornsby e Rodriguez (1990)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on May 5, 2019. Retrieved October 16, 2021.
  133. ↑ "Collections Search – Hornsby e Rodriguez". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 28, 2021. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
  134. ↑ "Black Demons (1991)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 16, 2021. Retrieved October 16, 2021.
  135. ↑ "Collections Search – Black Demons". British Film Institute. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
  136. 1 2 "Collections Search – Gli occhi dentro". British Film Institute. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
  137. ↑ Paul 2015, p. 218.
  138. ↑ "Gli occhi dentro (1993)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 16, 2021. Retrieved October 16, 2021.
  139. ↑ Ercolani 2019, p. 280.
  140. ↑ Curti 2019, pp. 204–209.
  141. 1 2 Curti 2019, pp. 204 & 209.
  142. ↑ Curti 2016b, p. 205.

General

References

  • Capua, Michaelangelo (2014). Yul Brynner: A Biography. McFarland. ISBN 978-0786480357.
  • Curti, Roberto (2013). Italian Crime Filmography, 1968–1980. McFarland. ISBN 978-1476612089.
  • Curti, Roberto (2016). Diabolika: Supercriminals, Superheroes and the Comic Book Universe in Italian Cinema. Midnight Marquee Press. ISBN 978-1-936168-60-6.
  • Curti, Roberto (2016b). Tonino Valerii: The Films. McFarland. ISBN 1476626189.
  • Curti, Roberto (2019). Italian Gothic Horror Films, 1980-1989. McFarland. ISBN 978-1476672434.
  • Ercolani, Eugenio (2019). Darkening the Italian Screen: Interviews with Genre and Exploitation Directors Who Debuted in the 1950s and 1960s. McFarland. ISBN 978-1476635385.
  • Kinnard, Roy; Crnkovich, Tony (2017). Italian Sword and Sandal Films, 1908–1990. McFarland. ISBN 978-1476662916.
  • Lancia, Enrico; Melelli, Fabio (2006). Attori stranieri del nostro cinema. Gremese Editore. ISBN 8884404258.
  • Paul, Louis (2015). Italian Horror Film Directors. McFarland. ISBN 978-0786487493.
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