Population tables of U.S. cities
Cities
Population Area Density Ethnic identity Foreign-born Income Spanish speakers capitals By decade By state By decade/state
Urban areas
Populous cities and metropolitan areas
Metropolitan areas
563 primary statistical areas 175 combined statistical areas 939 core-based statistical areas 384 metropolitan statistical areas 547 micropolitan statistical areas
Megaregions
See related population lists North American metro areas World cities States and territories

In the United States, a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is a geographical region with a relatively high population density at its core and close economic ties throughout the region.^[1][2] Such regions are not legally incorporated as a city or town would be and are not legal administrative divisions like counties or separate entities such as states. As a result, sometimes the precise definition of a given metropolitan area will vary between sources. The statistical criteria for a standard metropolitan area were defined in 1949 and redefined as a metropolitan statistical area in 1983.^[3]

A typical metropolitan area is polycentric and no longer monocentric due to suburbanization of employment and has a large historic core city, such as New York City or Chicago.^[4] Some metropolitan areas include more than one large historic core city, including the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, Virginia Beach–Norfolk–Newport News (Hampton Roads), Riverside–San Bernardino (Inland Empire), and Minneapolis–Saint Paul (Twin Cities).

MSAs are defined by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), which is part of the Executive Office of the President, and are used by the U.S. Census Bureau and other U.S. federal government agencies for statistical purposes.^[5]

Definitions

An enlargeable map of the 939 core-based statistical areas (CBSAs) of the United States and Puerto Rico as of 2020; the 384 MSAs are shown in medium green  . In 2023, OMB revised the delineations of these CBSAs.^[6]

The U.S. Office of Management and Budget defines a set of core based statistical areas (CBSAs) throughout the country, which are composed of counties and county equivalents.^[7]

CBSAs are delineated on the basis of a central contiguous area of relatively high population density, known as an urban area or urban cluster. The counties containing the core urban area are known as the "central counties" of the CBSA; these are defined as having at least 50% of their population living in urban areas of at least 10,000 in population.^[8] Additional surrounding counties, known as "outlying counties", can be included in the CBSA if these counties have strong social and economic ties to the central county or counties as measured by commuting and employment. Outlying counties are included in the CBSA if 25% of the workers living in the county work in the central county or counties, or if 25% of the employment in the county is held by workers who live in the central county or counties.

Adjacent CBSAs are merged into a single CBSA when the central county or counties of one CBSA qualify as an outlying county or counties to the other CBSAs.^[8] One or more CBSAs may be grouped together or combined to form a larger statistical entity known as a combined statistical area (CSA) when the employment interchange measure (EIM) reaches 15% or more.

CBSAs are subdivided into MSAs (formed around urban areas of at least 50,000 in population) and micropolitan statistical areas (μSAs), which are CBSAs built around an urban cluster of at least 10,000 in population but less than 50,000 in population. Some metropolitan areas may include multiple cities below 50,000 people, but combined have over 50,000 people.^[8] Previous terms that are no longer used to describe these regions include "standard metropolitan statistical area" (SMSA) and "primary metropolitan statistical area" (PMSA).^[9]

On January 19, 2021, OMB submitted a regulation for public comment that would increase the minimum population needed for an urban area population to be a metropolitan statistical area to be increased from 50,000 to 100,000.^[10] It ultimately decided to keep the minimum at 50,000 for the 2020 cycle.^[11]

On July 21, 2023, the Office of Management and Budget released revised delineations of the various CBSAs in the United States.^[6]

Rankings

The 387 MSAs in the United States, including those in all 50 states and the national capital of Washington, D.C. are ranked, including:

1. The MSA rank by population as of July 1, 2022, as estimated by the United States Census Bureau^[12]
2. The MSA name as designated by the United States Office of Management and Budget^[13]
3. The MSA population as of July 1, 2022, as estimated by the United States Census Bureau^{[12][lower-alpha 1]}
4. The MSA population as of April 1, 2020, as enumerated by the 2020 United States census^{[12][lower-alpha 1]}
5. The percent MSA population change from April 1, 2020, to July 1, 2022^[12]
6. The combined statistical area (CSA)^[14] if it is designated and the MSA is a component^[15]

Puerto Rico

This sortable table lists the six metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) of Puerto Rico including:

1. The MSA rank by population as of July 1, 2022, as estimated by the United States Census Bureau^[12]
2. The MSA name as designated by the United States Office of Management and Budget^[13]
3. The MSA population as of July 1, 2022, as estimated by the United States Census Bureau^{[12][lower-alpha 1]}
4. The MSA population as of April 1, 2020, as enumerated by the 2020 United States census^{[12][lower-alpha 1]}
5. The percent MSA population change from April 1, 2020, to July 1, 2022^[12]
6. The combined statistical area (CSA)^[14] if the MSA is a component^[15]

See also

• Demographics of the United States
  • United States Census Bureau
    • List of U.S. states and territories by population
    • List of metropolitan areas of the United States
    • List of United States cities by population
    • List of United States counties and county-equivalents
    • List of United States urban areas
  • United States Office of Management and Budget
    • Statistical area (United States)
      • Combined statistical area (list)
      • Core-based statistical area (list)
        • Metropolitan statistical area (list)
        • Micropolitan statistical area (list)

Footnotes

References

External links

• US Census Metropolitan Statistical Area Delineations
• United States Government
  • United States Census Bureau
    • USCB population estimates
  • United States Office of Management and Budget
  • Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council