Trams in Łódź | |
---|---|
Tramwaje w Łodzi | |
Operation | |
Locale | Łódź, Poland |
Open | 23 December 1898 |
Lines | 24 |
Owner(s) | City of Łódź |
Operator(s) | MPK Łódź Sp. z o.o. |
Infrastructure | |
Track gauge | 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) |
Electrification | 600 V DC overhead |
Statistics | |
Track length (total) | 124.1 km (77 mi) |
The Łódź tram system is a tramway network located in Łódź, Poland that has been in operation since 1898.[1]
The system is operated by MPK Łódź Sp. z.o.o. There are 24 tramlines with a total linelength of 124.1 kilometres (77.1 mi). The system operates on 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge (narrow gauge) track.
History
By the 1890s, Łódź had over 300,000 inhabitants. Łódź was a large industrial city characterized by textile industry, and a lack of wide streets, ring roads and a reliable public transport system. All passenger and freight traffic was concentrated in the city center, especially on Piotrkowska Street. Up to one thousand cabs and carriages drove around the city centre. Both the city government and local industrialists wanted to provide a solution to this situation, and therefore took up the construction of a tram past the city centre. In 1883, the first attempt to build a horse tram was made, which in the end was abandoned.[2] The project was tendered, but ultimately, never completed.[3]
A project with electric trams was then started, which would carry passengers by day and cargo by night. The Electric Railway Consortium Lodz (KEL) won a tender for construction the line. Julius Kunitzer signed the contract in St. Petersburg in front of Nicholas II on behalf of the KEL. He was backed by the German company AEG, which then started construction in the summer of 1897.
Trams in Łódź made their first appearance on 23 December 1898.[4] Łódź was the first city to have electric trams in what was then Congress Poland. Initially, there were two fairly short tram lines that both served the city centre area; by February 1899 their number was doubled. In 1901, the first suburban tram lines started – the Pabianice and Zgierz lines.[5] Both of these initiatives were the result of the activities of private companies in which German manufacturers dominated.
The experiment with electric trams in Łódź fared even better than expected. Trams quickly paid off the cost of line construction, and the project brought considerable profits to its shareholders, whereas traffic in the center of the city decreased. Between 1910 and 1931, suburban tram lines connected many important places around the city. In the first half of the 1990s, some of those lines were closed down.
After World War II, the network of suburban and urban trams was nationalized and transferred to the Miejskie Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacyjne – Łódź (MPK Łódź), which, as the city expanded, expanded the number and length of both urban and suburban lines. Currently MPK operates 18 urban and 5 regional (or suburban) lines. The longest of these, and in fact the longest of all of Poland, is number 46, which has a length of 38 kilometres (24 mi).
While Łódź is acknowledged to be the first city in Poland to have a fully electrified tram system, it is less well known that unusually Łódź once boasted a small cemetery where tram drivers were buried. Sadly, nothing remains of this graveyard, which was situated on Lindley Street near the aptly named Tram Street (ul. Tramwajowa). Today, the cemetery plot where old tram drivers would have been laid to rest is occupied by the Lodz University Press and a language school.
In 2008, a teenager, described by his teachers as an "electronic genius", was arrested after using a remote control device he had assembled to cause several derailments and other accidents in the Łódź tramway system.[6]
Lines
There are 24 lines on the network; 3 lines are currently not in operation (as of 2023), on which replacement buses operate.[7]
Lines are divided into colours to refer to the location on the main communication artery.
Tram | Line | Stops | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
temporary suspension, replacement buses | |||
2 | Dw. Łódź Dąbrowa ↔ Kochanówka | 35 | |
3A | Chojny Kurczaki ↔ Kościuszki Mickiewicza | 13/14 | |
3B | Chojny Kurczaki ↔ Powstańców 1863r. | 26 | |
4 | Dw. Łódź Dąbrowa ↔ Dw. Łódź Fabryczna | 15 | |
5 | Chojny Kurczaki ↔ Dw. Łódź Żabieniec | 33/34 | |
6 | Widzew Augustów ↔ Zgierz, plac Kilińskiego | 46/47 | |
7 | Widzew Augustów ↔ Dw. Łódź Żabieniec | 36/37 | |
8A | Cm. Zarzew ↔ Teofilów | 33/34 | |
8B | Cm. Zarzew ↔ Kochanówka | 35 | |
9 | Olechów ↔ Zdrowie | 34 | |
10A | Widzew Augustów ↔ Retkinia | 25 | |
10B | Olechów ↔ Retkinia | 32 | |
11A | Chojny Kurczaki ↔ Helenówek | 35 | weekdays only |
11B | Chocianowice Ikea ↔ Helenówek | 38 | |
12 | Stoki ↔ Retkinia | 31 | |
14 | Dw. Łódź Dąbrowa ↔ Karolew (Retkinia) | 20/25 | extended to Retkinia on weekends and holidays only, ends on Karolew otherwise |
15 | Chojny Kurczaki ↔ Stoki | 35 | |
16 | Niepodległości Square ↔ Teofilów | 25/26 | |
17 | Chocianowice Ikea ↔ Telefoniczna Zajezdnia | 33 | |
18 | Retkinia ↔ Telefoniczna Zajezdnia | 26 | weekdays only |
41 | Niepodległości Square ↔ Pabianice Wiejska | 30 | |
temporary suspension, replacement buses |
Types of vehicles
The following table shows the vehicles used for tram communication in Łódź (as of the 4th of April 2023). [8]
Tramway type | Number | Picture | |
---|---|---|---|
Moderus Gamma LF 06 AC | 6 (30) | ||
PESA 122NaL | 34 | ||
PESA 122N | 10 | ||
Bombardier Cityrunner | 15 | ||
Düwag M8CN | 14 | ||
Konstal 805N-ML Woltan | 64 | ||
Konstal 805Na ND | 140 | ||
Konstal 805N Elin | 2 | ||
Konstal 805Na | 135 | ||
Düwag MGT6D | 35 | ||
Düwag GT8N | 9 | ||
total | 458 |
References
- ↑ Wojciech Źródlak; Wojciech Dębski; Włodzimierz Hyży; Tomasz Igielski; Walczak Dariusz (1998). Łódzkie tramwaje 1898–1998 (in Polish). Łódź.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ↑ Rynkowska 1970, p. 113.
- ↑ Rynkowska 1970, p. 143.
- ↑ Rynkowska 1970, p. 146.
- ↑ Wojciech Źródlak; Jerzy Wojtowicz; Marcin Kaczyński (2001). Łódzka podmiejska komunikacja tramwajowa 1901–2001 (in Polish). Łódź.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ↑ "Schoolboy hacks into city's tram system", Telegraph 11 January 2008
- ↑ "Rozkłady jazdy - Schematy - Schematy linii tramwajowych i autobusowych" (pdf) (in Polish). Urząd Miasta Łodzi. 1 March 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
- ↑ "Tabor - MPK-Łódź Spółka z o.o." (in Polish). Miejskie Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacyjne. 14 August 2022. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
Bibliography
- Rynkowska, Anna (1970), Ulica Piotrkowska (in Polish), vol. I, Łódź: Wydawnictwo Łódzkie, ISBN 978-83-939822-4-0