The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Southampton, Hampshire, England.

Early history

  • Roman period – The Roman settlement of Clausentum in Roman Britain is located 20 miles (32 km) west of Noviomagus Reginorum (Now Chichester) and 10 miles (16 km) from Venta Belgarum (Now Winchester), which is roughly in the area of Bitterne Manor.
  • 400 – The Anglo-Saxons moved the centre of the town across the River Itchen to what is now the St Mary's area.
  • 410 – The Romans abandon the settlement of Clausentum after their occupation of Britain comes to an end.
  • 500 – The area now known as Southampton Common can be traced back to this year.
  • 700 to 850 – The settlement of Hamwic is founded and becomes an important port and traded with the continent. During this period, it has a population of 2,000 to 3,000.
  • 750 – The Market is active.[1]
  • 837 – The Town is besieged by Danes, who then 'ravage' it in around 980.[2][3]
  • 1014 – The Viking King Canute the Great defeated the Anglo-Saxon King Ethelred the Unready is crowned in Southampton

Norman to Tudor periods

  • 10th century – Southampton town walls originate from around this time
  • 11th century – Southampton Castle is built.
  • 1070 – St. Michael's Church is founded, making it one of the oldest buildings in Southampton.[4]
  • 1086 – The town becomes a Royal Borough.[4]
  • 1124 – St Denys Priory is founded by Henry I.[4]
  • 1127 – An Augustinian priory was founded in St Denys on 364 acres (1.47 km2) of land granted by Henry I.
  • 1173 – The St Mary Magdalen leper Hospital is established to the north of the town.
  • 1180 – This is the approximate date that Bargate is built.
  • 1189 – Richard I. "freed the burgesses from tolls and all secular customs".[4]
  • c. 1196 – St Julians Hospital, which is otherwise known as God's House Hospital, is founded by Gervase 'le Riche'
  • 1197 – This is the approximate date that the Church of St. Julien is established.[4]
  • By 13th century – Southampton becomes a leading port and is particularly involved in the trade of French wine and English wool.
  • 1200 – This is the approximate date that the Long House is built.
  • 1220 – This is the approximate date that Walter Fortin becomes the mayor.[5]
  • 1233 – This is the approximate date that the Franciscan Friary is founded.
  • 1236 – The Jews are expelled.[6]
  • 1239 – Netley Abbey is founded near the town.
  • 1256 – Henry III "granted all the liberties and customs enjoyed by Winchester".[4]
  • 1299 – Bowling Green is in use and remains the oldest used Bowls green in the world as of 2023.[7]
  • late 13th C. – God's House Tower starts operating as a gatehouse into the old town.[4]
  • 1300 – Southampton's population is approximately 5,000.
  • 1319 – The Venetian state fleet visits Southampton.[8]
  • 1320 – Holyrood Church is built.
  • 1332 – The Dancing Man Brewery is founded in The Wool House.
  • 1338 – The town is taken by French forces.[2]
  • 1348 – The Black Plague reaches Southampton.[3]
  • 1415 – August: The ringleaders of the Southampton Plot are executed at Bargate.
  • 1445 – The charter of incorporation is given by Henry VI.[4]
  • 1461 – Southampton fair is active.[1]
  • 1492 to 1531 – All exports of tin and lead are required to pass through Southampton.
  • 1495 – The Tudor House and Garden is built.
  • 1552 – King Edward VI visits the town.[3]
  • 1553 – The 'Free Grammar School off the Mayor Baliffs and Burgesses of the Towne and County of Southampton', which is now known as King Edward VI School, is granted letters patent by Edward VI.
  • 1554

Stuart period

  • 1640 – The charter "was finally given" by Charles I.[4]
  • The English Civil War takes place:
    • 1642 – A Parliamentary garrison moves into Southampton.
    • 1644 – In March, a Royalist army advanced as far as Redbridge, but are prevented from taking the town by Colonel Richard Norton. In the same month, the Battle of Cheriton subsequently removes the threat to Southampton.
  • 1664 – In June, the Black Death returns to Southampton. By the time the epidemic ended in November 1666, 1,700 people had died.
  • 1669 – King Charles II visits the town.[9]
  • 1689 - The right to vote in parliamentary elections, which had previously been limited to freemen, was extended to include those paying Scot and lot in Southampton.

Georgian and Regency periods

  • 1740 - Southampton becomes a spa town, with the town becoming a popular site for sea bathing in the 1760s.
  • 1759 to 1803 – Walter Taylor's 18th century mechanisation of the block-making process in Southampton wins him a monopoly on the supply of wooden rigging blocks for the Royal Navy and was a significant step in the Industrial Revolution
  • 1760 – Taunton's School is founded.[10]
  • 1761 – The Assembly rooms are built.[9][11]
  • 1766 – The Theatre Royal is built.[11]
  • 1772 – The Hampshire Chronicle newspaper begins publication.[12]
  • 1773 – The Polygon residential and commercial development is completed.
  • 1774 – A canal between Eling and Salisbury is proposed, but was never built.
  • 1779 – A canal linking Southampton (at Redbridge) to Andover is proposed, but was never built.
  • 1795 – All Saints' Church is completed.[4]
  • 1796
    • The Redbridge to Andover canal is completed.
    • The Northam Bridge Company is formed, with a toll bridge being built and opened in Northam in September 1799.
  • 1798 – Thorners Charity is built.[9]
  • 1799 – The Northam Bridge is built.
  • 1802 – The Salisbury and Southampton Canal begins operating.
  • 1822 – The Southampton County Chronicle newspaper begins publication.[13]
  • 1823
    • The Public dispensary is established.[2]
    • The Hampshire Advertiser newspaper is established and circulates until 1900[14] from an earlier publication, the Herald.[15]
  • 1829 – The painter John Everett Millais is born, with Southampton Solent University's art gallery named the Millais Gallery in his honour.
  • 1830 – The Southampton Polytechnic Institution is established.[10]
  • 1831 – Southampton's population is 19,324.[16]
  • 1832 – 8 July: The London and South Western Railway begins as the London and Southampton Railway
  • 1833 – The Royal Pier opens, but it's closed by 1979 before becoming derelict. The gatehouse is now a Grade II listed building.
  • 1835
  • 1836

Victorian period

20th century

1900 to 1949

  • 1902 – Warsash Maritime School opens on Newtown Road in Warsash village, with its current campus in St Mary's opening in 2017.
  • 1905 – Southampton Record Society is founded.[23][24]
  • 1907 – White Star Line relocates to Southampton from Liverpool.
  • 1908 – Southampton Water serves as one of the sailing and motorboating venues for the 1908 Summer Olympics.
  • 1912
  • 1913 – The Palladium Cinema opens.[26]
  • 1914
    • The Scala Cinema opens.[26]
    • 22 April: The Titanic Engineers' Memorial is unveiled in East Park to commemorate the engineers who lost their lives on the RMS Titanic 2 years prior.
    • 4 August: Southampton was designated No. 1 Military Embarkation Port following the outbreak of World War I, and much of Southampton Common is taken over by the military.
  • 1914 to 1918: Over 8 million troops pass through Southampton on the way to Mainland Europe to fight in World War I. Alongside this, A steady flow of refugees, prisoners of war and over 1 million wounded came back to England through Southampton.
  • 1919
    • January: Soldiers returning from World War I are mutinied in the port.
    • Cunard Line relocates to Southampton from Liverpool.
  • 1920
    • Bitterne Parish Council and Itchen Urban District Council are incorporated into the borough of Southampton. Bassett and Swaythling are incorporated into Southampton at the same time.
    • The Cenotaph (war memorial) is unveiled in Watts Park.
  • 1925 – The Southampton Above Bar Musical and Dramatic Society osactive.
  • 1928 – The Empire Theatre opens.
  • 1929 – On 26 March, Southampton Corporation purchases Northam Bridge from the Northam Bridge Company, with the tolls being removed on 16 May. At the same time, the tolls at Lances Hill, Hedge End and the bridge at Bursledon were also abolished.
  • 1932
    • Southampton Municipal Airport is established.
    • Bargate is bypassed on its eastern side. It then becomes an island when it was bypassed on its western side in 1938.
  • 1933 – King George V Graving Dock opens.
  • 1934
    • The Clock Tower is relocated along Abover Bar to Bitterne Park Triangle to facilitate further road improvements.
    • The Floating Bridge is taken over by Southampton Corporation and is the only remaining toll in Southampton until 1977.
  • 1937
  • 1939 – Southampton City Art Gallery opens.[27]
  • World War II:
    • 1940
      • 15 September: The Supermarine factory is bombed
      • November: During the Blitz, 476 tons of bombs are dropped on Southampton.
    • D-day operations of 1943–1944:
      • July 1943 – Military exercise Harlequin tested the ports' capacity for embarking troops and equipment.
      • 1 April to 25 August: During D-day preparations, Southampton was within Regulated Area (No 2), which placed the local population under certain restrictions that were intended to secure the military operation.
      • After: Southampton continued to work at full capacity to re-supply the Allied Forces on mainland Europe.
    • 1944
      • 12 July: The only flying bomb to hit Southampton lands in Sholing.
      • 5 November: The last air raid takes place in Southampton.
  • 1947 – 14 April: The RMS Queen Elizabeth runs aground on a sandbank just outside of Southampton.

1950 to 1999

21st century

2000 to 2019

  • 2000
    • 28 September: WestQuay shopping centre is in business.
    • The Chamberlayne Leisure Centre opens in Mayfield Park.
  • 2001 – Southampton's population is 217,400.[32]
  • 2002 – Southampton is twinned with Trieste in Italy.
  • 2004 – The Southampton park run begins, with the group using Southampton Common since 2015.
  • 2005 – Southampton Solent is given University status, which includes Southampton College of Art, the Southampton College of Technology, and later the College of Nautical Studies from its previous merger as the Southampton Institute of Higher Education in 1984.
  • 2009 – The Carnival House office building opens.
  • 2011 – Southampton's population is 236,900.[32]
  • 2012 – April: Southampton commemorates the 100th anniversary of the sinking of the RMS Titanic with ships sounding their horns at 12 pm and a memorial service. SeaCity Museum also opens to commemorate this.
  • 2013 – Bargate Shopping Centre closes, and its demolition begins on 24 November 2017.
  • 2015 – 3 January: The Ro-Ro car carrier Hoegh Osaka became stranded on a sandbank outside of Southampton Water after developing a major list from an unstable load of cars. She was eventually refloated on 22 January, and all of her 24 crew survived with minimal injuries.
  • 2016 – WestQuay Watermark opens.
  • 2017
    • November: The council selects an official flag for the city through a competition to design one.
    • Warsash Maritime School relocates to its current campus in St Mary's as part of Solent University's major redevelopment work, which is opened by HRH Anne, Princess Royal on 18 January 2018. The STCW training centre in Warsash village remains part of the university, the former teaching and accommodation facilities are set to be converted into flats, and the simulation centre on the main university campus has major upgrade work. All of this is completed by 2019.
    • The Southampton pride parade begins.
  • 2019

2020 to 2039

A panoramic view of Southampton Water from Mayflower Park. Taken in February 2023.
  • 2020
    • 23 March: Southampton goes into a nationwide lockdown with the rest of the UK due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
    • 5 November: Southampton joins the rest of the UK in a nationwide lockdown that lasts until 2 December in an attempt to reduce the number of cases.
    • 20 December: Southampton moves to Tier 4 restriction after being in Tier 3 restrictions since 2 December.
  • 2021
    • 4 January: The Prime Minister Boris Johnson announces that Southampton, along with the rest of the UK, will go into another nationwide lockdown to control the new variants of COVID-19 from 6 January, which will last at least until the Spring. Then on 22 February, he announces plans to bring the UK, including Southampton, cautiously out of lockdown, with plans for restrictions to be fully lifted by 21 June.
    • 16 May: The P&O cruise ship 'Iona' is christened in Southampton by Dame Irene Hays, with her maiden voyage taking place on 7 August to Scotland and the Channel Isles.
    • 14 June: Plans to end COVID-19 restrictions are delayed by 4 weeks to 19 July due to a sharp rise of the Delta variant.
    • 19 July: COVID-19 restrictions in England, including Southampton, come to an end after Prime Minister Boris Johnson confirms this on 12 July.
    • September: Southampton secures its place in its bid to become the City Of Culture in 2025.
    • 9 November: Southampton Airport is named as the best in the UK and the third best globally for sustainability performance as part of COP26 in Glasgow.
    • 8 December: Prime Minister Boris Johnson announces plan B of COVID-19 restrictions due to a sharp increase of the Omicron variant.
    • Southampton's population is 261,729.
  • 2022
    • 26 January: Plan B measures for COVID-19 restrictions across the UK, including Southampton, come to an end after Prime Minister Boris Johnson announces this on 19 January following a decline in the Omicron variant.
    • 18 February: Red Funnel's 'Red Falcon' crashes into Southampton's ferry terminal as a result of Storm Eunice, but she only sustains light damage to her hull near the bow.
    • 24 February: Prime Minister Boris Johnson removes the last of the COVID-19 restrictions (compulsory isolation with a positive test) in Southampton and the rest of the UK.
    • 4 March: AIDAcosma, which is owned by AIDA Cruises, makes her maiden voyage from Southampton.
    • 9 March: Solent Sky is given permission to build its £5,000,000 extension to house more aircraft and other attractions.
    • 21 March: Southampton is announced as one of the four cities to be shortlisted to be the City Of Culture in 2025 alongside Bradford, County Durham and Wrexham County, but loses to Bradford on 31 May.
    • 2 July: Plans for a new underground link between Southampton's and Netley's railway lines are announced. If approved, this would link Southampton Central station and the Netley line to provide a more direct and faster route to Portsmouth at a cost of £45 billion.
    • 27 July: Red Funnel's staff go on strike over their pay, affecting evening services.
    • 12 August: A drought is officially declared in the south of England, including Southampton, during the second heatwave of this year.
    • 1 November: It's announced that Celebrity Apex of Celebrity Cruises is to homeport in Southampton.
    • 6 November: Carnival Celebration of Carnival Cruise Line arrives in Southampton on her maiden voyage.
    • 8 November: An 'Operational incident' is declared at the nearby Fawley Refinery, causing an orange glow to be seen up to 25 miles away across Hampshire and the South Coast and with flares being seen in Southampton.
    • 29 November: First Bus South end all bus services in Southampton, with Bluestar taking over their routes.
    • 18 December: P&O Cruises' newest ship Arvia arrives in Southampton for her inaugural voyage on 23 December.
    • December: Royal Mail strikes affect Southampton's Christmas post.
    • Southampton's railway services are affected during the National Union of Rail, Maritime and Transport Workers (RMT) and ASLEF rail strikes throughout this year and into early 2023
  • 2023

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Samantha Letters (2005), "Hampshire", Gazetteer of Markets and Fairs in England and Wales to 1516, Institute of Historical Research, Centre for Metropolitan History
  2. 1 2 3 4 George Henry Townsend (1867), "Southampton", A Manual of Dates (2nd ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co., p. 919
  3. 1 2 3 4 "The Borough of Southampton", History, gazetteer and directory of the county of Hampshire, including the Isle of Wight, Sheffield: W. White, 1878, p. 511
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Britannica 1910.
  5. ↑ "Southampton Mayors". Southampton City Council. Archived from the original on 15 August 2013. Retrieved 23 September 2013.
  6. ↑ Lipman, Vivian David, and William D. Rubinstein. "Southampton." Encyclopaedia Judaica. Ed. Michael Berenbaum and Fred Skolnik. 2nd ed. Vol. 19. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2007. 60–61. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 1 Oct. 2013
  7. ↑ Bamber Gascoigne. "Timelines: Southampton". History World. Retrieved 1 October 2013.
  8. ↑ Alwyn A. Ruddock (1946). "Alien Merchants in Southampton in the Later Middle Ages". English Historical Review. 61 (239): 1–17. JSTOR 554835.
  9. 1 2 3 A.E. Richardson (1920). "Southampton". Town Planning Review. 8 (2): 69–78. doi:10.3828/tpr.8.2.b071g257qk17168p. JSTOR 40100721.
  10. 1 2 3 Directory of Southampton. London: George Stevens. 1884.
  11. 1 2 Samuel Tymms (1832). "Hampshire". Western Circuit. The Family Topographer: Being a Compendious Account of the … Counties of England. Vol. 2. London: J.B. Nichols and Son. OCLC 2127940.
  12. ↑ Frederick Augustus Edwards (1890), Early Hampshire Printers
  13. 1 2 "Southampton (England) Newspapers". Main Catalogue. British Library. Retrieved 21 September 2013.
  14. ↑ Hampshire Archive
  15. ↑ "Death of Edward Langdon Oke". Hampshire Advertiser. Southampton, UK. 26 September 1840.
  16. 1 2 "Southampton". Slater's Royal National and Commercial Directory and Topography of … Hampshire. Manchester: Isaac Slater. 1852.
  17. ↑ L.E. Tavener (1950). "Port of Southampton". Economic Geography. 26 (4): 260–273. doi:10.2307/141262. JSTOR 141262.
  18. ↑ "Riding School". Sotonopedia. Retrieved 3 September 2017.
  19. 1 2 3 James Clegg, ed. (1906), International Directory of Booksellers and Bibliophile's Manual
  20. ↑ Papers and Proceedings of the Hampshire Field Club, vol. 1, 1885
  21. ↑ "Southampton". The Drill Hall Project. Retrieved 28 January 2018.
  22. 1 2 J.G. Bartholomew (1904), "Southampton", Survey Gazetteer of the British Isles, London: G. Newnes
  23. ↑ Publications of the Southampton Record Society, 1905 1905–
  24. ↑ "Southampton Records Series". University of Southampton. Archived from the original on 2 March 2013. Retrieved 23 September 2013.
  25. ↑ "World Wars". British History Timeline. BBC. Retrieved 23 September 2013.
  26. 1 2 "Movie Theaters in Southampton, England". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 23 September 2013.
  27. ↑ "Arts and Heritage". Southampton City Council. Archived from the original on 28 September 2013. Retrieved 23 September 2013.
  28. ↑ "About Us". City of Southampton Society. Retrieved 23 September 2013.
  29. ↑ Steven P. Pinch, Colin M. Mason and Stephen J. G. Witt (1989). "Labour Flexibility and Industrial Restructuring in the UK 'Sunbelt': The Case of Southampton". Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers. 14 (4): 418–434. doi:10.2307/623009. JSTOR 623009.
  30. ↑ John Hansard Gallery. "About Us". University of Southampton. Archived from the original on 19 December 2016. Retrieved 23 September 2013.
  31. ↑ "The Museum". Solent Sky Museum. Retrieved 23 September 2013.
  32. 1 2 "Southampton's Census population". Southampton City Council. Archived from the original on 31 December 2010. Retrieved 23 September 2013.

Further reading

Published in the 18th century

Published in the 19th century

1800s–1840s

1850s–1890s

Published in the 20th century

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