The following is a timeline of the history of the city and metropolitan area of Manila, the capital city of the Philippines.

9th Century onward

  • c. 900 CE - The Kingdom of Tondo was at its peak and was a center of commerce and trade of the Tagalogs. It was during this era that the King of Tondo issued the Laguna Copperplate Inscription to Namwaran's clan on 21 April 900 CE.[1]: "134" [2]: "38" 
  • c. 1175 - the Polity of Namayan was established by the Tagalog people at the Pasig River. It was led by the house of Lakan Tagkan during its peak in the 1100's.[3]
  • c. 13th Century - the Kota Seludong or better known as the Kingdom of Maynila was founded by Avirjirkaya which spanned present day Intramuros.
  • c.1300- Empress Sasaban became the Queen Regent of Namayan. According to oral tradition, she was a concubine of Anka Widyaya of Java and bore a child named Prince Balagtas[4]
  • 1365 - The Battle of Manila (1365). The forces from the Kingdoms of Luzon fought against the Empire of Majapahit from Java in what is now Manila.
  • Uncertain timestamp - the Tagalog and Kapampangan-fortified city of Cainta was established on an upriver area which occupied the shores on both sides of a waterway of the Pasig River. It was located not far from where the Pasig River meets the Lake of Ba-i.[5]
  • 1450 - Dayang Kalangitan became the Hara (Queen who is a wife of a Rajah) of Tondo. She established her dwelling in the banks of the Bitukang Manok River (present day Parian Creek) in Pasig.
  • 1480 - Rajah Aki Matanda became the Rajah of Manila.
  • 1500 - Salalaia became the Rajah of old Manila.[6]
  • 1521 - Sri Bunao became the Lakandula based in Tondo.

16th Century

18th -19th Century

20th Century onward

  • 1900 - The Instituto de Mujeres[24] and the American Circulating Library was established.[25][26]

20th century

1900s-1940s

1950s-1990s

21st century

See also

References

  1. ↑ Patanñe,E.P. Philippines in the Sixth to Sixteenth Centuries. 1996.
  2. ↑ Abinales, Patricio N. and Donna J. Amoroso, State and Society in the Philippines. Maryland: Rowman and Littlefield, 2005.
  3. 1 2 Scott, William Henry (1994). Barangay: Sixteenth Century Philippine Culture and Society. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press. ISBN 971-550-135-4.
  4. ↑ Odal-Devora, Grace (2000). The River Dwellers, in Book Pasig : The River of Life (Edited by Reynaldo Gamboa Alejandro and Alfred A. Yuson). Unilever Philippines. pp. cited by Nick Juaquin43–66.
  5. ↑ "Pre-colonial Manila". Malacañang Presidential Museum and Library. Malacañang Presidential Museum and Library Araw ng Maynila Briefers. Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office. 23 June 2015. Archived from the original on 9 March 2016. Retrieved 27 April 2017.
  6. 1 2 Dery, Luis Camara (2001). A History of the Inarticulate. Quezon City: New Day Publishers. ISBN 971-10-1069-0.
  7. 1 2 Blair, Emma Helen; Robertson, James Alexander, eds. (1903). Relation of the Conquest of the Island of Luzon. The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898. 3. Ohio, Cleveland: Arthur H. Clark Company. p. 145.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Britannica 1910.
  9. ↑ Made in the Americas: the New World Discovers Asia. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. 2015. ISBN 978-0-87846-812-6.
  10. 1 2 Schellinger 1996.
  11. ↑ Catholic Encyclopedia 1910.
  12. 1 2 3 4 Bankoff 2012.
  13. ↑ Henri Bouchot (1890). "Topographical index of the principal towns where early printing presses were established". In H. Grevel (ed.). The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time. H. Grevel & Co.
  14. 1 2 3 Artemio R. Guillermo (2012). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of the Philippines. Maryland, USA: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7246-2.
  15. ↑ "Southeast Asia, 1600–1800 A.D.: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
  16. ↑ Morse 1823.
  17. 1 2 Haydn 1910.
  18. ↑ "History". Ateneo de Manila University. Archived from the original on 19 January 2013.
  19. 1 2 Huetz de Lemps 2001.
  20. 1 2 3 4 Chambers 1901.
  21. ↑ Burzynski 2002.
  22. ↑ Chiba 2005.
  23. ↑ "Manila (Philippines) Newspapers". WorldCat. USA: Online Computer Library Center. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
  24. ↑ David E. Gardinier & Josefina Z. Sevilla-Gardinier (1989). "Rosa Sevilla de Alvero and the Instituto de Mujeres of Manila". Philippine Studies. 37 (1): 29–51. JSTOR 42633130.
  25. 1 2 David H. Stam, ed. (2001). "Philippines". International Dictionary of Library Histories. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. ISBN 1579582443.
  26. ↑ Nelly Young Egbert, ed. (1907). List of Books in the American Circulating Library of Manila. Manila: Bureau of Printing.
  27. ↑ "An Act Amending Act Numbered One Hundred And Eighty-Three, Entitled "An Act to Incorporate the City of Manila," by Fixing New Boundaries for the City of Manila". Lawyerly. 20 February 902. Retrieved 29 June 2021.
  28. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Stinner 1981.
  29. 1 2 Webster's Geographical Dictionary, USA: G. & C. Merriam Co., 1960, p. 666, OL 5812502M
  30. ↑ The History of Volleyball in the Philippines The Volleyball Story London Olympic Media Guide Volleyball Early Development Archived 25 January 2013 at archive.today Volleyball: Striking the interest of Filipinos since 1910 The Volleyball Story Archived 11 March 2013 at the Wayback Machine Vball Trivia History of Volleyball Memorandum to Colonel Bruce Palmer Giving the Game Away Archived 2 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  31. ↑ The Straits Times, Singapore, 18 January 1910, page 7.
  32. ↑ Charles C. Mann (2011). 1493: Uncovering the New World Columbus Created. Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-307-26572-2.
  33. 1 2 "Movie Theaters in Manila, Philippines". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
  34. ↑ Lenman 2004.
  35. ↑ Executive Order No. 58, s. 1945 (25 July 1945), Reducing the Territory of the City of Greater Manila, retrieved 24 August 2022
  36. 1 2 "Timelines: History of the Philippines from 30000 BC to AD 2013", World Book, USA
  37. ↑ "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1955. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations.
  38. 1 2 "Philippines". Europa World Year Book 2004. Taylor & Francis. 29 July 2004. ISBN 1857432533.
  39. 1 2 Arn 1995.
  40. ↑ Illy 1986.
  41. ↑ "San Francisco Sister Cities". USA: City & County of San Francisco. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
  42. ↑ van Naerssen 1989.
  43. ↑ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  44. 1 2 3 4 BBC News (4 November 2011). "Timeline". Philippines Profile. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
  45. ↑ Sumsky 1992.
  46. ↑ "The Manila Yacht Club". Baysider. Retrieved 5 February 2023.
  47. ↑ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1995 Demographic Yearbook. New York: United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division. 1997. pp. 262–321.
  48. 1 2 "Philippines". Art Spaces Directory. New York: New Museum. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
  49. ↑ Garrido 2008.
  50. ↑ "Typhoon kills 32 in Vietnam; Philippine toll at 246". Reuters. 29 September 2009.
  51. ↑ "Population of Capital Cities and Cities of 100,000 or More Inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2012. United Nations Statistics Division. 2013.
  52. ↑ "Rains Flood a Third of Manila Area, Displacing Thousands". New York Times. 7 August 2012.
  53. ↑ Pope Manila Mass drew record crowd of 6-7 million, Reuters, 18 January 2015
  54. ↑ "Table 8 - Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", Demographic Yearbook – 2018, United Nations

Bibliography

Published in the 19th century

  • Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Manilla", A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
  • William Milburn; Thomas Thornton (1825). "Manilla". Oriental Commerce; or the East India Trader's Complete Guide. London: Kingsbury, Parbury, and Allen.
  • Fedor Jagor (1875). "Manilla". Travels in the Philippines. London: Chapman and Hall.
  • John Ramsay McCulloch (1880), "Manilla", in Hugh G. Reid (ed.), A Dictionary, Practical, Theoretical and Historical of Commerce and Commercial Navigation, London: Longmans, Green, and Co.
  • "Philippines: Manila". The Chronicle & Directory for China, Corea, Japan, the Philippines, Indo-China, Straits Settlements, Siam, Borneo, Malay States, &c. Hong Kong: Daily Press. 1892.
  • Margherita Arlina Hamm (1898), Manila and the Philippines, London: F.T. Neely, OL 7237592M
  • John Foreman (1899), "(Manila)", The Philippine Islands (2nd ed.), New York: C. Scribner's Sons
  • Manila and the Philippine Islands: an up to date handbook of facts, New York: Philippines Company, 1899, OL 24648057M

Published in the 20th century

  • "Manila", Chambers's Encyclopaedia, London: W. & R. Chambers, 1901
  • Commercial Directory of Manila, Manila, 1901, OL 7214150M{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Burton Holmes (1901), "Manila", The Burton Holmes Lectures, Battle Creek, Michigan: Little-Preston, OCLC 5082081
  • C.W. Rosenstock, ed. (1904), Manila City Directory
  • Historical Notes Concerning Manila. United States government. 1904.
  • Kemlein & Johnson's guide and map of Manila and vicinity. Manila, Kemlein & Johnson. 1908.
  • Manila, the pearl of the Orient, Manila, Philippine Islands: Manila Merchants' Association., 1908, OCLC 5296360, OL 7012107M
  • "Manila" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 578–580.
  • Philip M. Finegan (1910). "Manila". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Manilla", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co.
  • George Amos Miller (1912). Interesting Manila: Historical Narratives Concerning the Pearl of the Orient (3rd ed.). Manila: E.C. McCullough.
  • Philippines. Office of Public Welfare Commissioner. (1922), Directory of charitable and social service organizations and institutions in the city of Manila (2nd ed.), Manila: Bureau of Printing, OL 7214795M
  • Mauro Garcia, ed. (1971), Focus on old Manila, Manila: Philippine Historical Association
  • Edilberto De Jesus. 'Manila's first factories', Philippine Historical Review, 4 (1971)
  • Nicolas Zafra (1974), The colonization of the Philippines and the beginnings of the Spanish city of Manila, Manila: National Historical Commission
  • William F. Stinner & Melinda Bacol-Montilla (1981). "Population Deconcentration in Metropolitan Manila in the Twentieth Century". Journal of Developing Areas. 16 (1): 3–16. JSTOR 4190969. PMID 12338830.
  • Daniel F. Doeppers. Manila, 1900-1941: Social change in a late colonial metropolis (New Haven: Yale University Southeast Asia Studies, 1984).
  • Hans F. Illy (1986). "Regulation and Evasion: Street-Vendors in Manila". Policy Sciences. 19 (1): 61–81. doi:10.1007/BF02124484. JSTOR 4532068. S2CID 85450985.
  • Ton van Naerssen (1989). "Continuity and Change in the Urban Poor Movement of Manila, the Philippines". Urban Social Movements in the Third World. Routledge. p. 199+. ISBN 1-136-85686-2.
  • Ramon Ma Zaragoza (1990), Old Manila, Singapore: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0195889738
  • Melinda Tria Kerkvliet, Manila workers' unions, 1900-1950 (Quezon City: New Day Publishers, 1992).
  • Victor V. Sumsky (1992). "City as Political Actor: Manila, February 1986". Alternatives: Global, Local, Political. 17 (4): 479–492. doi:10.1177/030437549201700404. JSTOR 40644756. S2CID 149272236.
  • Jack Arn (1995). "Pathway To The Periphery: Urbanization, Creation Of A Relative Surplus Population, And Political Outcomes In Manila, Philippines". Urban Anthropology and Studies of Cultural Systems and World Economic Development. 24 (3/4): 189–228. JSTOR 40553284.
  • Schellinger and Salkin, ed. (1996). "Manila". International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania. UK: Routledge. p. 565+. ISBN 9781884964046.
  • Xavier Huetz de Lemps. 'Shifts in meaning of "Manila" in the nineteenth century', in Old ties and new solidarities: Studies on Philippine communities, ed. C. J.-H. Macdonald and G. M. Pesigan (Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 2000)

Published in the 21st century

  • Charles L. Choguill (2001). "Manila: City of Hope or a Planner's Nightmare?". Built Environment. 27 (2): 85–95. JSTOR 23287514.
  • Xavier Huetz de Lemps [in French] (2001). "Waters in Nineteenth Century Manila". Philippine Studies. 49 (4): 488–517. JSTOR 42633496. PMID 18551808.
  • Joseph Burzynski (2002). "Timber Trade and the Growth of Manila, 1864-1881". Philippine Studies. 50 (2): 168–192. JSTOR 42634459.
  • Cristina Pantoja Hidalgo (2002). "Metro Manila: City in Search of a Myth". Philippine Studies. 50 (3): 303–326. JSTOR 42634469.
  • "Manila", Philippines, Lonely Planet, 2003, p. 87+, ISBN 9781740592109, OL 8906497M
  • "Manila". Understanding Slums: Case Studies for the Global Report 2003. United Nations Human Settlements Programme and University College London. 2003.
  • Bruce P. Lenman (2004). "Manila". In Ooi Keat Gin (ed.). Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 854+. ISBN 978-1-57607-770-2.
  • Yoshihiro Chiba (2005). "Cigar-Makers in American Colonial Manila: Survival during Structural Depression in the 1920s". Journal of Southeast Asian Studies. 36 (3): 373–397. doi:10.1017/s0022463405000214. JSTOR 20072667. S2CID 161723850.
  • Gavin Shatkin (2007). Collective Action and Urban Poverty Alleviation: Community Organizations and the Struggle for Shelter in Manila. Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7546-4786-7.
  • Marco Garrido (2008). "Civil and Uncivil Society Symbolic Boundaries and Civic Exclusion in Metro Manila". Philippine Studies. 56 (4): 443–465. JSTOR 42633976.
  • Greg Bankoff (2012). "Tale of Two Cities: the Pyro-Seismic Morphology of 19th-century Manila". In Greg Bankoff; et al. (eds.). Flammable Cities: Urban Conflagration and the Making of the Modern World. USA: University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 170–189. ISBN 978-0-299-28383-4.
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