Thomas Frost (16 December 1821 – 16 July 1908) was an English radical writer, journalist,[1] lecturer, printer and Chartist.[2]

Biography

Early years

Thomas Frost was born in Croydon in Surrey (now part of Greater London) on 16 December 1821, the son of a tailor who had read William Cobbett's Political Register and took part in the agitation to secure the Reform Act 1832.[2] Apprenticed to a printer (his cousin Cornelius Chapman) in Norwood, London, Thomas started his own printing firm in the same town after Chapman's business became bankrupt.[3]

Career

In 1846 he took over the publication of John Goodwyn Barmby's Communist Chronicle, a monthly paper which had been discontinued for financial reasons. Frost revived the Chronicle as a weekly publication and reduced the price from 3d. to 1d. with Barmby retaining editorial control. Differences between Barmby and Frost on their aims caused publication to cease. Frost then started a short-lived Communist Journal. From 1847 to 1848 he was associated with the Fraternal Democrats.[3]

From 1859 Frost was a leader writer for the Liverpool Albion weekly newspaper, on foreign politics and social questions. The newspaper maintained a political viewpoint independent of the main political parties until 1872, when a new proprietor, a member of the Conservative Party, recast the paper as a morning daily. Frost's terms of employment were now changed so that he was only paid for articles that were published; he was contracted to provide two articles per week, but many were not published, being politically incompatible. His income falling by one-third he left the Albion.

Frost subsequently settled in Barnsley, South Yorkshire, and worked as a reporter for the Barnsley Times and the Barnsley Chronicle. He wrote a number of books, mostly by his own admission "potboilers". He estimated his annual income from journalism and other literary undertakings to have been less than £200 per year. He died in 1908.[3]

Frost claimed it was not until he read the poetry of Mary Shelley that he learned of "the connexion between the influence of circumstances in the formation of character and the new organization which Owen desired to give society". Frost became an active Chartist and Owenite and although he believed in revolution he stopped short of taking part in a revolutionary conspiracy to avoid arrest.[2] He above all desired independence and wrote that "the assumption by Mr. Gladstone of the leadership of the Liberal party in the House of Commons seemed to promise the inauguration of a new era".[4]

Magic history

Frost wrote three books on the history of magic. His Lives of the Conjurers (1876) is considered to be the first significant history of magic.[5] M. Thomas Inge described the book as "a full-fledged chronicle of magic and an invaluable reference work".[6]

The magician Harry Houdini wrote that they were the "best books of their kind up to the time of their publication, but they are marked by glaring errors, showing that Frost compiled rather than investigated."[7]

Frost's book Lives of the Conjurers is said to contain errors in relation to the magician Wiljalba Frikell. Magic historian Walter B. Gibson noted that "the information offered by Mr. Thomas Frost and his successors, concerning Frikell, is in the main incorrect and unreliable."[8]

Death and legacy

Thomas Frost died 16 July 1908.

See also

Footnotes

  1. ↑ "FROST, Thomas". Who's Who. Vol. 59. 1907. p. 643.
  2. 1 2 3 Peter Gurney, 'Frost, Thomas (1821–1908)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, online edn, Oxford University Press, Oct 2007. Retrieved 18 April 2010.
  3. 1 2 3 Frost, Thomas. Reminiscences of a Country Journalist. Covent Garden: Ward and Downey, 1888
  4. ↑ E. F. Biagini, Liberty, Retrenchment and Reform. Popular Liberalism in the Age of Gladstone, 1860–1880 (Cambridge University Press, 1992), p. 385.
  5. ↑ Coleman, Earle Jerome. (1987). Magic: A Reference Guide. Greenwood Press. p. 6. ISBN 978-0313233975 "Thomas Frost' s The Lives of the Conjurors was the first book-length history of magic and is understandably required reading for the would-be historian of magic."
  6. ↑ Inge, Thomas M. (1978). Handbook of American Popular Culture, Volume 3. Greenwood Press. p. 171
  7. ↑ Houdini, Harry. (1908). The Unmasking of Robert-Houdin. New York: Publishers Printing Co. p. 16
  8. ↑ Gibson, Walter B; Young, Morris N. (1953). Houdini on Magic. Dover Publications. p. 73

Works

Further reading

  • Peter Gurney. (2006). Working-class Writers and the Art of Escapology in Victorian England: The Case of Thomas Frost. Journal of British Studies 45: 51–71.
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