Thomas Carpenter
Nickname(s)"The Fighting Quaker"
Born(1752-11-02)November 2, 1752
Salem, New Jersey, British America
DiedJuly 7, 1847(1847-07-07) (aged 94)
Carpenter's Landing, New Jersey, U.S.
Place of burial
Friends Meeting House Burial Ground, Woodbury, New Jersey, U.S.
Allegiance United States of America
Service/branchBlack and white image of War Department seal prior to 1947. Later a color version was used for the Department of the Army. Department of War–Continental Army
Years of service1776–1782
RankColonel
Commands heldCommissary, Paymaster & Quartermaster
Battles/warsAmerican Revolutionary War, Patriot
Other workGlass Manufacturer

Thomas Carpenter (November 2, 1752 at Salem, New Jersey – July 7, 1847 at Carpenter's Landing, New Jersey) was an early American glassmaker and devout Quaker who, at significant spiritual and personal risk, found an important way to assist the American Revolutionary War, serving in the militia and the New Jersey Continental Line as what would today be called a logistics officer and earning the title of "Fighting Quaker." After the war, he contributed significantly to the rise of New Jersey glass production.

Family

Carpenter was the sixth child and second son of Preston Carpenter (1721-1785) and Hannah Smith (1723-abt 1766?).[1]

Carpenter served an apprenticeship in an auction store at Front and South Street in Philadelphia. As auctions were then prohibited within city limits, they were held at the southern city limits. Carpenter learned to pack, transport, issue, auction, then repack and re-transport many wagons several times each week.[1] On April 13, 1774, he married Mary Tonkin (1748-1822) at St. Mary's Church, Burlington, Salem County, New Jersey. Mary had been raised an Episcopalian but later converted to the Society of Friends. They had at least three children who lived to maturity.[1]

In the book Samuel Carpenter and his Descendants, Thomas Carpenter is described as "about 5'10" high, with a large frame but not corpulent, erect, well-formed, with a fine ruddy complexion. His eyes were blue, hair thin, but not bald, originally brown, and though tinged with gray, never became white. His affable and genial manners, anecdotes, and reminiscences made his society very attractive. He was fond of reading, intelligent, and self-possessed."[1] The same book refers to Mary Tonkin Carpenter as "a little below medium height, with dark hazel eyes, brown hair, and a fine clear brunette complexion. Her figure was good, erect, well-proportioned, inclined to embonpoint, and she is reputed to have been very handsome."[1] Thomas and Mary are interred in the Friend's Burial Grounds next to the Friend's Meeting House at Woodbury, N.J. Their graves adjoin each other on the north side of the enclosure, about midway, near the boundary fence, each designated with a small marble marker with their name on its top. In 1912, a stone retaining wall was placed there for the protection of the graves.[1]

Carpenter was the great-grandson of Samuel Carpenter (1649-1714), Deputy Governor of colonial Pennsylvania. In 1771 he transferred his church membership from the Salem, New Jersey Friends Meeting House to the Philadelphia Friends Meeting House. He returned to New Jersey prior to April 13, 1774, the date on which he married in Salem to Mary Tonkin of Gloucester County, New Jersey.[2]

Revolutionary conflict

Carpenter was a member of the Society of Friends, or Quakers which influenced, and distinguishes, his non-combat service in the Revolutionary War.[3] Because of their refusal to pay military taxes or fight in the war, Quakers, who had been generally admired for their honesty and simple living in the North American colonies, were looked upon differently when the Revolutionary War broke out, and some were exiled for their beliefs.[4] Some Quakers chose to support the wartime effort, resulting in rifts within the Friends religion; some enlisted for military service, and were expelled from the Society.[5] Some provided financial aid, medical assistance, or supplies at the individual or community level, and a few like Carpenter found ways to assist the combat effort at higher levels without bearing arms, as he did by serving in legal, financial, and logistical roles at the highest levels within a rebelling colony which bore a key central role in the Revolutionary War.[5]

In late 1776, Carpenter was in a dilemma. As a Quaker, he was sworn to non-violence. He had a desire to assist, but not fight. In some manner he found a compromise. On March 19, 1777, he was commissioned paymaster of the militia units from Salem and Gloucester Counties. His earlier work in transporting auction material helped him in his military duties involving logistics.[1] Carpenter served as an Ensign and Adjutant in Colonel Samuel Dick's Regiment, 1776–1778, and Paymaster for the New Jersey Militia. Later he was appointed Quartermaster of the First Battalion, New Jersey Continental Line, serving again under his friend Colonel Dick and others from 1778 through 1782.[1] Carpenter's positional rank of Quartermaster in the New Jersey line unit was equal to the rank of colonel, which clarifies why he was called Colonel after the war.[3][6][7]

During the American retreat from the banks of the Assunpink Creek on January 3, 1777, in the Second Battle of Trenton, Carpenter withdrew all of his supplies and assisted another unit to do likewise and then, exhausted, camped with them. He 'loaned' his coat to an officer who had misplaced his and bedded down in his blanket. Later that night, a messenger awoke them and informed them that they were now stragglers because the rest of the army had retreated. Suffering from the bitter cold without his coat, Carpenter made his way back to his unit. His actions helped General George Washington continue the fight threatening the rear area of the British forces.[1]

After the fighting at the Battle of Princeton, Carpenter and Colonel Dick, who was a physician, went to the aid of their friend Brigadier General Hugh Mercer who had been beaten and bayoneted seven times then left for dead. After talking to Doctor Benjamin Rush, they acknowledged that infection would end their friend's life. They visited and did what they could, but Mercer died on January 12, 1777.[1][8]

An example of a surviving document mentioning Carpenter is a dispatch dated at Burlington, January 17, 1780, from Light-horse Harry Lee to "Thomas Carpenter, purchasing commissioner" reading in part, "I have written to the Magistrates of Salem County begging them to aid you …" and ends with, "For God's sake perform this business with all possible dispatch."[1]

Post-revolution

The historic Thomas Carpenter's house built in or prior to 1773 and expanded in 1787 at Carpenter's Landing, New Jersey.

In 1785 Carpenter moved to Cooper's Point and started a mercantile business. About two years later he formed a partnership with Thomas Heston, his wife's nephew by marriage[1] and moved to Carpenter's Landing, New Jersey[9] where he engaged in the manufacture of glass, and later at Glassboro, New Jersey[10] with Colonel Thomas Heston.[6][11][12] The partners were described as "two 'fighting Quakers' who had given gallant service for the American cause in the Revolution."[13]

On May 18, 1808, after Heston's death and the retirement of Thomas Carpenter, Carpenter's son Edward acquired his father's share of the original Glassboro glassworks and the firm of Heston & Carpenter became known as Edward Carpenter & Co., Olive Works.[13][14] He became one of the historic figures in the history of Glassboro and in the art and craft of glass making — the Heritage Glass Museum, founded in 1979 to celebrate glass blowing and glass art and noteworthy people in the history of glass making, includes him on its Who We Are webpage.[15]

In 1787, Carpenter bought and restored a house in Mantua Township once owned by Restore Eastlack, who died in 1773. This indicates the original portion of the house was built during or prior to 1773. Carpenter added a southern half and a second story and lived there until his death in 1847. Today, it is known as the Thomas Carpenter House. While it is in private hands, the timber framed, two and one half story house is considered a historical site by Gloucester County, New Jersey and the Library of Congress. The house is located at the southwest corner of Main and Martel Streets in Mantua Township, New Jersey.[16][17] The house does not seem to be registered with the National Register of Historic Places, but it has a Historic American Buildings Survey number: HABS NJ-68 and a Library of Congress call number of HABS NJ,8-MANT,1-[18]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Edward Carpenter & his son, Gen. Louis H. Carpenter (1912). "Samuel Carpenter and his Descendants". Samuel Carpenter and his Descendants. J.B. Lippincott Company. Retrieved August 8, 2012. Thomas Carpenter is listed as number 25 on page 58. Note: Carpenters' Encyclopedia of Carpenters 2009 (DVD format) has updates and corrections to the 1912 book. Subject is RIN 3248. See also: Google Books entry.
  2. ↑ William Nelson: New Jersey Marriage Records 1665-1800, Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, Md., 1967, p. 64.
  3. 1 2 Nan Wrotny: A Bicentennial Look at Mantua Township, The Mantua Township Bicentennial Committee and The Mantua Township Lions Club, Paulsboro Printers, Paulsboro, N.J., 1976, pp. 17, 36-38.
  4. ↑ Jack Zavada: Quakers History, Brief History of the Quakers Denomination, accessed 6 August 2012.
  5. 1 2 Library of Congress: Religion and the Founding of the American Republic, ( July 23, 2010 ), accessed 6 August 2012.
  6. 1 2 Arthur Adams: "Memoirs of the Deceased Members of the New England Historic Genealogical Society" in The Northeast Historic and Genealogical Register, Vol. CVII, Whole No. 425, January 1953, p. 70.
  7. ↑ John W. Jordan, ed.: Colonial Families of Philadelphia, Lewis Publishers, New York, 1911.
  8. ↑ Goolrick, John Tackett (2009) [1906]. The life of General Hugh Mercer: with brief sketches of General George Washington …. Neale Publishing Company, New York. ISBN 978-1117776965. Retrieved August 8, 2012. See also: OCLC 3578166
  9. ↑ Henry Charlton Beck: More Forgotten Towns of Southern New Jersey, Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, N.J., 1963, pp. 299-301.
  10. ↑ Patrick Tadeushuk (2012). "Heritage Glass Museum". Are We There Yet?. fieldtrip.com. Retrieved August 1, 2012.
  11. ↑ Charles S. Boyer: Old Inns and Taverns in West Jersey, Camden County Historical Society, Camden, N.J., 1962, pp. 158-159.
  12. ↑ Historical American Glass, A History of Early American made Glass: The New Jersey Glass Manufactory of Thomas Heston and Thomas Carpenter, retrieved May 20, 2018.
  13. 1 2 Adeline Pepper: The Glass Gaffers of New Jersey and Their Creations from 1739 to the Present, Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1971, pp. 32-34.
  14. ↑ Julian Harrison Toulouse: Bottle Makers and Their Marks, Thomas Nelson, Inc., New York and Camden, 1971, pp. 519-521.
  15. ↑ Heritage Glass Museum (2012). "Heritage Glass Museum". Manna Design Works. Heritage Glass Museum. Archived from the original on June 8, 2012. Retrieved August 1, 2012. See also: Who We Are Archived 2012-06-08 at the Wayback Machine.
  16. ↑ Gloucester County, New Jersey. "Historical Sites". Gloucester County, New Jersey. Retrieved August 8, 2012.
  17. ↑ The Library of Congress (1938). "Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record". The Thomas Carpenter House, surveyed February 8, 1938. The Library of Congress. Retrieved August 8, 2012. Five black and white images from historical survey in 1938.
  18. ↑ Library of Congress, National Park Service. "Thomas Carpenter House, Main & Martel Streets, Mantua, Gloucester County, NJ". Historic American Buildings Survey, Engineering Record, Landscapes Survey. Library of Congress, National Park Service. Retrieved August 10, 2012.
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