Country | South Korea |
---|---|
Broadcast area | Nationwide |
Headquarters | CJ E&M Center, Seoul |
Programming | |
Language(s) | Korean |
Timeshift service | Tooniverse +1 |
Ownership | |
Owner | On-Media (1995–2010) CJ ENM Entertainment Division (2010–Present) |
Sister channels | |
History | |
Launched | December 1, 1995 |
Links | |
Website | tooniverse |
Availability | |
Streaming media | |
TVING (South Korea) | Live C06941 |
Tooniverse (Korean: 투니버스; RR: Tunibeoseu; portmanteau short for Cartoon Universe) is a cartoon and anime channel broadcast by CJ ENM E&M Division (formerly On-Media), in South Korea.
Since its inception in December 1995, Tooniverse is currently one of the leading animation channels in South Korea. Tooniverse broadcasts an extensive collection of programs that encompasses cartoon shows, movies, and popular content targeted across all age groups, including children, teenagers, and adults.
History
Tooniverse officially launched on December 1, 1995, and was recognized as a channel more unfamiliar than terrestrial broadcasting in the early days, but many of the imported animations were Japanese-coloured, requiring attention from parents. As of 2009, the channel is operated under CJ ENM, which has steadily preoccupied the 5th place in the cable TV viewing market share as the viewership rate has gradually increased since 2000. A month ago, the English education video Dooly's Backpacking was released.
On March 1, 2002, it started broadcasting on SkyLife channel 656, a digital satellite broadcasting service that has been officially commercialized, and became the most popular viewership rating in the skylife by overtaking other channels. However, in November of that year, On-Media (now CJ ENM) unilaterally refused to renew the contract, and was exclusively broadcast through cable TV from January 1, 2003, to August 31, 2011.
In the meantime, as ad revenues in the pay-TV market fell sharply due to worsening management, the Internet Multimedia Broadcasting Business Act for IPTV commercialization passed the National Assembly in an environment of broadcasting and communication convergence, as part of the increase in revenues from subscription fees and diversification of the broadcasting market. In 2008, the second half of IPTV, the leading provider KT to start, and in 2009, latecomers, which was SK Broadband and LG U+ communications by three after consultation with IPTV operators, and initiate transmission. In 2011 CJ Group after the acquisition, the animation in the channel for children was to change the broadcast genre channels, the same year on September 1 from contingent upon the ongoing needs of satellite subscribers, the digital satellite broadcasting service, SkyLife (Hereinafter referred to as KT OTS), transmission to HDTV channels was resumed in 9 years. On August 15, 2012, the logo and slogan were changed to the current one, and HDTV broadcasting was officially launched on January 11, 2013, one year and four months after the establishment of the HDTV channel.
Currently, it can be watched through all cable TVs in Korea, KT's Olleh TV Live, SK Broadband's BTV, and other communication companies' IPTV and digital satellite broadcasting (KT SkyLife).
Preschool programs that aired on the morning of March 2011 was replaced by LittleTooni.
In 2012, Tooniverse created their first teen television series, Ma Boy.[1] The Starleague professional StarCraft: Brood War broadcasts began as a program on Tooniverse before being spin-off onto a dedicated gaming channel, Ongamenet.
In April 2013, Marvel TV Animation series program exclusive contract. On July 26, 2013, KidZania Seoul opened a "studio actors" where children could experience being a voice actor.
In 2014, the Tooniverse store opened in Lotte World. Meanwhile, it was announced that Tooniverse would air a pilot episode titled The Haunted House (신비아파트). In 2016, Tooniverse created the first season of The Haunted House: The Secret of the Ghost Ball.[2] The following year, it was announced that there would be a season 2 to the series.[3]
On April 2, 2018, Tooniverse's website has opened, and was shut down Tunisia Games website.
In 2018, Tooniverse plans that The Haunted House going to be in film, video game and other media series. And produced another drama series called Remember, Hari, which was a live action drama based on the animated series.[4]
In the same year, the show returned with a season 2 that was named The Haunted House: The Birth of Ghost Ball X.[5]
In 2020, Tooniverse announced that would be a season 3 to the series that was called The Haunted House: Ghost Ball Double X Part 1 and Part 2.[6][7]
In 2021, the new season premiere in September, 2021 called The Haunted House: Ghost Ball Z.[8]
After finished the Part 1, Tooniverse announced have right to streaming on TVING in special episode released on December 22, 2021, called The Haunted House Special Edition: The Vampire of Light and the Child of Darkness, and also aired this channel.[9][10] And then later release April 28, 2022 titled Guido Exorcist in Part 2.[11]
Following the partnership between CJ ENM and Paramount along with launching Paramount+ into TVING streaming platform, Tooniverse is bringing Nickelodeon cartoons to the channel under the Nickelodeon Time programming block.[12]
In August 2022, Tooniverse announced that the show is going to be aired on Jujutsu Kaisen on September 23, 2022, as well aired on Erased, That Time I Got Reincarnated as a Slime, Sword Art Online and other anime to the channel under the TooniTeen (투니틴) programming block at every Friday & Saturday night from 10 p.m. KST.
After officially released in December 14, 2022 on The Haunted House: The Dimensional Goblin and the Seven Worlds,[13] the next season will be premiered in March 30, 2023 called The Haunted House: Ghost Ball ZERO.[14][15]
On April 27, 2023, another special episode called The Haunted House Special Edition: Joseon Exorcism Annals was released on TVING this summer.[16]
Logo
- December 1, 1995 - October 14, 2000
- October 15, 2000 - December 31, 2007
- January 1, 2008 - August 14, 2012
- August 15, 2012 - May 4, 2015
- May 5, 2015 - February 28, 2019
- March 1, 2019 – Present
Currently programming
Note: The following programs is censoring in anime or cartoon on Tooniverse.
For Ages 7+
- Dalja the Vampire Girl (뱀파이어 소녀 달자) (Tooniverse original)
- Robot Trains (로봇트레인)
- Baby Shark's Big Show! (아기상어 올리와 윌리엄)
- Pokémon (포켓몬스터)
- Hello Jadoo (안녕 자두야) (Tooniverse original)
- SpongeBob SquarePants (네모바지 스폰지밥)
- The Fairly OddParents (티미의 못말리는 수호천사)
- Ninjago: Masters of Spinjitzu (레고 닌자고)
- The Loud House (링컨의 집에서 살아남기)
- Turning Mecard (터닝메카드)
- Bakugan: Battle Planet (바쿠간 배틀 플래닛)
For Ages 12+
- The Haunted House (신비아파트) (Tooniverse original)
- The Haunted House: The Secret of the Ghost Ball (신비아파트: 고스트볼의 비밀) (Season 1)
- The Haunted House: The Birth of the Ghost Ball X (신비아파트: 고스트볼 X의 탄생) (Season 2)
- The Haunted House: Ghost Ball Double X (신비아파트: 고스트볼 더블 X) (Season 3)
- The Haunted House: Ghost Ball Z (신비아파트: 고스트볼Z) (Season 4)
- The Haunted House: Ghost Ball ZERO (신비아파트: 고스트볼 ZERO) (Season 5)
- Papadog (파파독) (Tooniverse original)
- Goblin Hill (도깨비언덕에 왜 왔니?) (Tooniverse original)
- Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (돌연변이 특공대 닌자 거북이)
- Case Closed (명탐정 코난) (formerly on older episodes)
- My Secret Friend Hamzzi (내 비밀친구 햄찌)
For Ages 15+
- Case Closed (명탐정 코난) (Currently)
- Jujutsu Kaisen (주술회전)
- My Master Has No Tail (우리 스승님은 꼬리가 없다)
- Kodomo Keisatsu (어린이 경찰)
- That Time I Got Reincarnated as a Slime (전생했더니 슬라임이었던 건에 대하여)
- Sword Art Online (소드 아트 온라인)
- Fruits Basket (후르츠 바스켓)
- Erased (나만이 없는 거리)
- Too Cute Crisis (너무 귀여운 크라이시스)
Formerly programming
Note: The following programs is censoring in anime or cartoon on Tooniverse.
For All Ages
- Rainbow Ruby (레인보우 루비)
- Dora the Explorer (도라도라 영어나라)
- Willa's Wild Life (윌라의 와일드 라이프)
- Little Einsteins (작은 아인슈타인)
- Tinpo (틴포)
- Hello Kitty (헬로키티)
- Wow! Wow! Wubbzy! (와! 와! 우 브지!)
- Remy & Boo (레미 & 부)
- Hamtaro (방가방가 햄토리)
- Babar and the Adventures of Badou (바바와 바두의 모험)
- Princess Mirror-Belle (미러벨 공주)
For Ages 7+
- Ultimate Spider-Man (얼티밋 스파이더맨)
- Eliot Kid (엘리엇 키드)
- Bakugan Battle Brawlers (슈팅 바쿠간)
- The Powerpuff Girls (파워퍼프걸)
- Monster High (몬스터 하이)
- Crayon Shin-chan (짱구는 못말려)
- Reborn! (가정교사 히트맨 리본)
- Shaman King (샤먼 킹)
- The Fungies! (곰팡이!)
- Beyblade Burst (베이블레이드 버스트)
- The Pink Panther (핑크 팬더)
- Viewtiful Joe (뷰티풀 죠)
- UFO Baby (다!다!다!)
- Dinosaur King (공룡킹 어드벤처)
- My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic (마이리틀포니)
- My Little Pony: Pony Life (마이 리틀 포니: 포니 라이프)
- Wedding Peach (웨딩피치)
- Element Hunters (엘리먼트 헌터)
- Thomas and Friends (꼬마기관차 토마스와 친구들)
- The Smurfs (개구쟁이 스머프 (애니메이션))
- Yo-Kai Watch (요괴워치) (dubbed version) (cut version)
- Danny Phantom (대니 팬텀)
- Hero School Z (히어로스쿨Z) (Tooniverse original)
- Johnny Test (쟈니 테스트)
- Dexter's Laboratory (덱스터의 실험실)
- Ojamajo Doremi (꼬마 마법사 레미)
- Rock Lee & His Ninja Pals (록리의 청춘닌자전 만들기)
- Oggy and the Cockroaches (오기와 악동들)
- Avatar: The Last Airbender (아바타: 아앙의 전설)
- Sailor Moon Crystal (미소녀전사 세일러문 Crystal) (subtitled version)
- Cardcaptor Sakura: Clear Card (카드캡터 사쿠라 클리어 카드 편)
- Sid the Science Kid (시드 과학 키드)
- Pippi Longstocking (삐삐 롱스타킹)
- Digimon Adventure (디지몬 어드벤처)
- Digimon Adventure 02 (파워 디지몬)
- Digimon Tamers (디지몬 테이머즈)
- Digimon Frontier (디지몬 프론티어)
- Power Rangers Lightspeed Rescue (파워레인저 레스큐)
- Kirby: Right Back at Ya! (별의 커비)
- Full Moon o Sagashite (달빛천사)
- Zatch Bell! (갓슈벨!!) (Episodes 1~52 Only)
- Oswaldo (크레이지 펭! 오스왈도)
- Squish
- PriPri Chi-chan!! (말랑요정 치치)
- Hikaru no Go (히카루의 바둑)
- GeGeGe no Kitarō (게게게의 기타로)
- Kaiketsu Zorori (쾌걸 조로리)
- Animal Yokochō (두근두근 비밀친구)
- Animaniacs (애니매니악스)
- Anyamaru Tantei Kiruminzuu (쥬로링 동물탐정)
- Shima Shima Tora no Shimajirō (내 친구 호비)
- Giant Saver (자이언트 세이버)
- Totally Spies! (말괄량이 삼총사)
- Magic Hanja (마법천자문)
- Me and My Robot (미앤마이로봇)
- Welcome to Convenience Store (와라! 편의점)
- Seer (미래전사 씨어)
- Taoist Mutul (머털도사)
- Maya the Bee (마야의 모험)
- Buri the Time Traveler (벼리의 시간여행)
- Bananana Doongdoong (바나나나 둥둥)
- Larva (라바)
- Lego Friends (레고 프렌즈)
- Little Charmers (작은 마술사)
- Mainichi Kaasan (매일엄마)
- Picchipichi Shizuku-chan (또르르 방울이 친구들)
- Kids CSI (키즈 CSI 과학수사대)
- Aikatsu! (아이엠스타)
- Boing The Play Ranger (놀이터 구조대 뽀잉)
- Cocomong (냉장고 나라 코코몽)
- Kobushi (싱싱초밥단 코부시)
- Topplate (최강! 탑플레이트)
- Kaleido Star (카레이도 스타)
- T-Pang Rescue (뛰뛰빵빵 구조대)
- Tiny Toons Adventures (타이니 툰)
- Legends of Chima (키마의 전설)
- Lucky Fred (럭키 프레드)
- Tobot (변신자동차 또봇)
- Soreike! Anpanman (날아라 호빵맨)
- Nintama Rantarō (닌자보이 란타로)
- Yumeiro Patissiere (꿈빛 파티시엘)
- A Penguin's Troubles (펭귄의 문제)
- Mirmo! (미르모 퐁퐁퐁)
- Shizuku-chan (날아라 방울방울 친구들)
- Tickety Toc (시계마을 티키톡!)
- Pretty Rhythm: Dear My Future (프리티 리듬: 디어 마이 퓨처)
- Pretty Rhythm: Rainbow Live (꿈의 라이브 프리즘스톤)
- Pretty Rhythm: Aurora Dream (프리티 리듬: 오로라 드림)
- Atashin'chi (아따맘마)
- Babar (바바)
- Pucca: Love Recipe (뿌까)
- Rolling Stars (롤링스타즈)
- Cleopatra in Space (우주의 클레오파트라)
- Powerbirds (파워버드)
- Monster Buster Club (몬스터 버스터 클럽)
- The Twisted Whiskers Show (뒤틀린 수염 쇼)
- Sugar Sugar Rune (슈가슈가룬)
- Dooly the Little Dinosaur (아기공룡 둘리)
- Robocar Poli (로보카 폴리)
- Pororo the Little Penguin (뽀롱뽀롱 뽀로로)
- Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug and Cat Noir (미라큘러스: 레이디버그와 블랙캣)
- Shugo Chara! (캐릭캐릭 체인지)
- Twin Princess of Wonder Planet (신비한 별의 쌍둥이 공주)
- Supa Strikas (수파 스트라이카스)
- Tanken Driland (탐험 드리랜드)
- Chi's Sweet Home (치즈스위트홈)
- Miffy's Adventures Big and Small
- Anne of Green Gables
- My Daddy Long Legs
For Ages 12+
- Hearts and Hari (연애공식 구하리) (Tooniverse original on The Haunted House series)
- Kuromajo-san ga Toru!! (흑마녀 나가신다!!)
- Oh No! It's an Alien Invasion (오노! 외계인의 나타났다)
- Bakuryū Sentai Abaranger (파워레인저 다이노썬더)
- Tokusou Sentai Dekaranger (파워레인저 S.P.D.)
- One Piece (원피스) (2004–2013) (dubbed version) (cut version)
- Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle (츠바사 -RESERVoir CHRoNiCLE-)
- Naruto (나루토) (2005-2008) (All Episodes) (dubbed version) (cut version)
- Dragon Ball (드래곤 볼) (dubbed version)
- Dragon Ball Z (드래곤 볼 Z) (dubbed version)
- Dragon Ball GT (드래곤 볼 GT) (dubbed version)
- Chibi Devi! (베베데빌)
- Love, Chunibyo & Other Delusions (중2병이라도 사랑이 하고 싶어!)
- Baka and Test (바보와 시험)
- Age 12 (12세)
- Fushigi Dagashiya Zenitendō (전천당)
- Mobile Suit Gundam SEED (기동전사 건담 SEED)
- Midori Days (미도리의 나날)
- Yakitate!! Japan (따끈따끈 베이커리)
- Bobobo-bo Bo-bobo (무적코털 보보보)
- The Prince of Tennis (테니스의 왕자)
- Detective School Q (탐정학원 Q)
- Okojo-san (행복장의 오코죠상)
- Kekkaishi (결계사)
- Chōsoku Henkei Gyrozetter (초속변형 자이로제타)
- Yo-kai Watch Shadowside (요괴워치 섀도우 사이드) (dubbed version) (cut version)
- The Magic of Chocolate (쇼콜라의 마법)
- ThunderCats Roar (썬더캣츠 로어)
For Ages 15+
- Remember, Hari (기억, 하리) (Tooniverse original on The Haunted House series)
- Remember, Hari 2 (기억, 하리 2) (Season 2)
- Ma Boy (마보이) (Tooniverse original)
- To Heart (투하트)
- Arata: The Legend (아라타 칸가타리)
- Mamotte! Lollipop (지켜줘 롤리팝)
- The Simpsons (심슨네 가족들)
- Bleach (블리치) (2007-2008) (dubbed version) (cut version) (Episodes 1~53 Only)
- Naruto: Shippuden (나루토 질풍전) (2008-2018) (All Episodes) (dubbed version) (cut version)
- Boruto: Naruto Next Generations (BORUTO -보루토- NARUTO NEXT GENERATIONS)
- The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes (어벤져스)
- Hajime no ippo (더 화이팅)
- Rurouni Kenshin (바람의 검심)
- Gatchaman Crowds (갓차맨 크라우즈)
- Fantasista Doll (판타지스타 돌)
- The High Fructose Adventures of Annoying Orange (엽기발랄 오렌지)
- Kamen Rider Ryuki (가면라이더 드래건)
- Kamen Rider 555 (가면라이더 파이즈)
- Your Lie in April (4월은 너의 거짓말)
- Inuyasha (이누야샤)
- Meganebu! (안경부!)
- Galilei Donna (갈릴레이 돈나)
- Sket Dance (스켓 댄스)
For Ages 19+ (1995~2011 Only)
- Cowboy Bebop (카우보이 비밥)
- Pet Shop of Horrors (펫숍 오브 호러스)
- You're Under Arrest (체포하라)
- Record of Lodoss War (로도스도 전기 OVA)
- Boogiepop Phantom (부기팝은 웃지 않는다)
- Nudlnude (uncut) (누들누드 무삭제판)
- Phantom Quest Corp. (X 사건 미녀 탐정)
- Dirty Pair Flash (더티페어 플래쉬)
- Battle Angel Alita (총몽)
- Gokusen (고쿠센)
- Air Master (에어마스터)
- Dokkoida!? (황당용사 욜라세다)
- Ghost Stories (헌티드 정션)
- Peach Girl (피치걸)
- Bubblegum Crisis Tokyo 2040 (버블검 크라이시스 도쿄 2040)
- Angel Heart (엔젤하트)
- Platinumhugen Ordian (은장기공 오디안)
- Super Radical Gag Family (괴짜가족)
- Future GPX Cyber Formula (신세기 사이버 포뮬러 신)
- Weiß Kreuz (바이스 크로이츠)
- Daria (다리아)
- Hellsing (헬싱)
- Monster (몬스터)
- Great Teacher Onizuka (GTO)
- My Bride is a Mermaid (세토의 신부)
- Family Guy (패밀리 가이) (subtitled version)
- Samurai Champloo (사무라이 참프루)
- Haré+Guu (정글은 언제나 맑은 뒤 흐림)
- South Park (사우스 파크) (subtitled version) (This series was banned in 2001 due to explicit content, was aired in 2000)[17]
- Gintama (은혼)
- Trinity Blood (트리니티 블러드)
- Eden of the East (동쪽의 에덴)
Toonichoice
Toonichoice Winner
- In 2004
- Inuyasha
- In 2005
- Naruto
- In 2006
- Sgt. Frog
- In 2007
- Ouran High School Host Club
- In 2008
- Reborn!
- In 2009
- Case Closed
- In 2010
- Case Closed
- In 2011
- Case Closed
See also
References
- ↑ ‘리틀 손예진’ 김소현, 스쿨로맨스 ‘마보이’ 첫 주연 낙점. Newsen (in Korean). 2012-08-06. Retrieved 2013-11-26.
- ↑ "투니버스 '신비아파트 : 고스트볼의 비밀'…공포 소재 애니메이션" (in Korean). etnews.com. 2016-12-28. Retrieved 2023-08-31.
- ↑ "어린이 애니메이션 '신비아파트' 시즌2 11월 9일부터 방영" [Children's animation 'Shinbi Apartment' Season 2 aired from November 9th]. it.chosun.com (in Korean). 2017-10-26. Retrieved 2023-04-21.
- ↑ Sung, Jonghyun (July 12, 2018). 투니버스 ‘신비아파트’ 실사 웹드라마 '기억, 하리' 포스터 공개...'호러 로맨스 드라마' [Tooniverse 'Shinbi Apartment' live-action web drama 'Remember, Hari' poster released...'horror romance drama']. News Free Zone (in Korean). Retrieved February 4, 2023.
- ↑ "'신비아파트 고스트볼X의 탄생 : 두번째 이야기' 8일 첫 방송" ['Shinbi Apartment Birth of the Ghost Ball X: The Second Story' first broadcast on the 8th]. Sporbiz.co.kr (in Korean). November 1, 2018. Retrieved April 21, 2023.
- ↑ "투니버스 '신비아파트 고스트볼 더블X : 6개의 예언' 5일 첫 방송" [Tooniverse 'Shinbi Apartment Ghost Ball Double X: 6 Prophecies' first broadcast on the 5th]. www.xportsnews.com (in Korean). 2020-03-03. Retrieved 2023-04-21.
- ↑ Newsis (2020-10-06). "투니버스 '신비아파트 고스트볼 더블X: 수상한 의뢰' 8일 첫 방송" [Tooniverse 'Shinbi Apartment Ghost Ball Double X: Suspicious Request' first broadcast on the 8th]. mobile.newsis.com (in Korean). Retrieved 2023-04-21.
- ↑ Newsis (2021-06-17). "신비아파트 시즌4, 9월 방영 앞두고 '합체 귀신' 이벤트" [Shinbi Apartment Season 4, 'Combined Ghost' event ahead of airing in September]. mobile.newsis.com (in Korean). Retrieved 2023-04-21.
- ↑ "티빙 오리지널 '신비아파트 특별판: 빛의 뱀파이어와 어둠의 아이' 12월 독점 공개!" [TVING's original 'The Haunted House Special Edition: Vampire of Light and Child of Darkness' exclusively released in December!]. CJ E&M (in Korean). October 13, 2021. Retrieved November 11, 2021.
- ↑ 이엔엠커뮤니케이션팀 (2021-10-27). "티빙 오리지널 애니메이션, 뜨거운 팬덤 열광시킬 공식 포스터 공개!" [TVING's original animation, the official poster that will make the fandom go crazy!]. CJ E&M (in Korean). Retrieved 2021-11-21.
- ↑ "'신비아파트 고스트볼Z: 귀도퇴마사', 28일 오후 8시 투니버스 채널 첫 방송" ['Shinbi Apartment Ghost Ball Z: Guido Exorcist', first broadcast on Tooniverse Channel at 8:00 pm on the 28th]. www.sportsw.kr (in Korean). 2022-04-04. Retrieved 2023-04-21.
- ↑ Si-jin, Lee (July 18, 2022). "Tooniverse to air hit Nickelodeon animated series". The Korea Herald. Retrieved July 24, 2022.
- ↑ "인기 애니메이션 극장판 최신작 '신비아파트 극장판 차원도깨비와 7개의 세계' 12월 개봉 확정" [The latest popular animation theatrical version, 'Shinbi Apartment Theatrical Version of the Dimensional Goblin and the 7 Worlds' confirmed to be released in December] (in Korean). November 10, 2022. Retrieved January 1, 2023.
- ↑ "애니메이션 '신비아파트' 다섯 번째 시즌 '고스트볼 ZERO' 30일 투니버스 첫 방송" [Animation 'Shinbi Apartment' 5th season 'Ghost Ball ZERO' premiered on Tooniverse on the 30th]. www.sportsw.kr (in Korean). 2023-03-23. Retrieved 2023-03-30.
- ↑ Kang, Ho Sung (2023-02-20). "Tooniverse-". Tooniverse pre-air information (in Korean). Retrieved 2023-03-20.
- ↑ "'신비아파트'+타임슬립…하리, 조선 공주 되다" [Shinbi Apartment Special Edition: Joseon Exorcism Annals]. Nocutnews (in Korean). April 27, 2023. Retrieved April 29, 2023.
- ↑ "방송위, 성인만화 '사우스파크' 중징계" [Korea Broadcasting Commission, severe punishment for adult cartoon 'South Park']. Maeil Business Newspaper (in Korean). May 14, 2001. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved January 13, 2023.
External links
- Official website (in Korean)
- Tooniverse's channel on YouTube
- The Haunted House's channel on YouTube
- Little Tooni's channel on YouTube
- Tooniverse at Anime News Network's encyclopedia
- Official The Haunted House website (in Korean)