Tephrosia
Tephrosia elongata
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Faboideae
Tribe: Millettieae
Genus: Tephrosia
Pers. 1807
Species

See text.

Synonyms[1][2][3]
  • Apodynomene E.Mey. (1836)
  • Catacline Edgew. (1847), nom. provis.
  • Caulocarpus Baker f. (1926)
  • Colinil Adans. (1763)
  • Cracca L. (1753) (non Benth.), nom. rej.
  • Crafordia Raf. (1814)
  • Erebinthus Mitch. (1748)
  • Kiesera Reinw. ex Blume (1823)
  • Lupinophyllum Hutch. (1967)
  • Macronyx Dalzell (1850)
  • Needhamia Scop. (1777)
  • Orobos St.-Lag. (1880)
  • Paratephrosia Domin (1912)
  • Pogonostigma Boiss. (1843)
  • Reineria Moench (1802)
  • Seemannantha Alef. (1862)
  • Xiphocarpus C.Presl (1831)

Tephrosia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It is widespread in both the Eastern and Western Hemisphere, where it is found in tropical and warm-temperate regions.[4]

The generic name is derived from the Greek word τεφρος (tephros), meaning "ash-colored," referring to the greyish tint given to the leaves by their dense trichomes.[5] Hoarypea is a common name for plants in this genus,[6] along with goat's rue and devil's shoestring.[7]

Uses

Many species in the genus are poisonous, particularly to fish, for their high concentration of rotenone. The black seeds of Tephrosia species have historically been used by indigenous cultures as fish toxins.[7][8][9][10] In the last century, several Tephrosia species have been studied in connection with the use of rotenone as an insecticide and pesticide.

Tephrosia vogelii is also one of the many beneficial nitrogen-fixing legumes that can be used in a permaculture forest gardening system as a source of living 'chop and drop' mulch.[11]

Species

Species include:[12]

  • Tephrosia abbottiae C.E.Wood
  • Tephrosia acaciifolia Baker
  • Tephrosia adunca Benth.
  • Tephrosia aequilata Baker
  • Tephrosia alba Du Puy & Labat
  • Tephrosia albissima H.M.L.Forbes
  • Tephrosia ambigua D.Dietr.
  • Tephrosia amoena E.Mey.
  • Tephrosia andongensis Baker
  • Tephrosia angustissima Chapman
  • Tephrosia anomala Thulin
  • Tephrosia apollinea (Delile) DC.
  • Tephrosia arenicola Maconochie
  • Tephrosia argyrolampra Harms
  • Tephrosia argyrotricha Harms
  • Tephrosia arnhemica C.T.White
  • Tephrosia astragaloides Benth.
  • Tephrosia athiensis Baker f.
  • Tephrosia aurantiaca Harms
  • Tephrosia bachmannii Harms
  • Tephrosia barba-jovis Cufod.
  • Tephrosia barbatala Bosman & de Haas
  • Tephrosia barberi J.R.Drumm.
  • Tephrosia belizensis Lundell
  • Tephrosia benthamii Pedley
  • Tephrosia berhautiana Lescot
  • Tephrosia betsileensis (R.Vig.) Du Puy & Labat
  • Tephrosia bibracteolata (Dumaz-le-Grand) Du Puy & Labat
  • Tephrosia bidwillii Benth.
  • Tephrosia boiviniana Baill.
  • Tephrosia brachycarpa Benth.
  • Tephrosia brachyodon Domin
  • Tephrosia bracteolata Guill. & Perr.
  • Tephrosia brummittii Schrire
  • Tephrosia burchellii Burtt Davy
  • Tephrosia caerulea Baker f.
  • Tephrosia calophylla Bedd.
  • Tephrosia cana Brandegee
  • Tephrosia canarensis J.R.Drumm.
  • Tephrosia candida (Roxb.) DC.
  • Tephrosia capensis (Jacq.) Pers.
  • Tephrosia capitata Verdc.
  • Tephrosia carrollii O. Téllez
  • Tephrosia cephalantha Baker
  • Tephrosia cephalophora Harms
  • Tephrosia chimanimaniana Brummitt
  • Tephrosia chisumpae Brummitt
  • Tephrosia chrysophylla Pursh
  • Tephrosia cinerea (L.) Pers.
  • Tephrosia clementii Skan
  • Tephrosia clementis Alain
  • Tephrosia coccinea Wall.
  • Tephrosia collina V.S.Sharma
  • Tephrosia conspicua W.Fitzg.
  • Tephrosia conzattii (Rydb.) Standl.
  • Tephrosia corallicola (Small) Leon
  • Tephrosia cordata Hutch. & Burtt Davy
  • Tephrosia cordatistipula J.B.Gillett
  • Tephrosia coriacea Benth.
  • Tephrosia coronilloides Baker
  • Tephrosia crassifolia Benth.
  • Tephrosia crocea Benth.
  • Tephrosia cuernavacana (Rose) J.F.Macbr.
  • Tephrosia curtissii (Small) Shinners
  • Tephrosia curvata De Wild.
  • Tephrosia dasyphylla Baker
  • Tephrosia debilis Domin
  • Tephrosia decaryana (Dumaz-le-Grand) Du Puy & Labat
  • Tephrosia decora Baker
  • Tephrosia decumbens Benth.
  • Tephrosia deflexa Baker
  • Tephrosia delestangii Pedley
  • Tephrosia densiflora Hook.f.
  • Tephrosia desertorum Scheele
  • Tephrosia dichroocarpa A.Rich.
  • Tephrosia dietrichiae Domin
  • Tephrosia disperma Baker
  • Tephrosia diversifolia (Rose) J.F.Macbr.
  • Tephrosia djalonica Hutch. & Dalziel
  • Tephrosia dregeana E.Mey.
  • Tephrosia drepanocarpa Baker
  • Tephrosia dura Baker
  • Tephrosia egregia Sandwith
  • Tephrosia elata Deflers
  • Tephrosia elegans Schum.
  • Tephrosia elliottii (Nutt.) Benth.
  • Tephrosia elliptica Bosman & de Haas
  • Tephrosia elongata E.Mey.
  • Tephrosia emeroides A.Rich.
  • Tephrosia eriocarpa Benth.
  • Tephrosia euchroa Verd.
  • Tephrosia euprepes Brummitt
  • Tephrosia falcata (Thunb.) Pers.
  • Tephrosia falciformis S.V.Ramaswamy
  • Tephrosia faulknerae Brummitt
  • Tephrosia feddemana McVaugh
  • Tephrosia festina Brummitt
  • Tephrosia filiflora Chiov.
  • Tephrosia filipes Benth.
  • Tephrosia flagellaris Domin
  • Tephrosia flammea Benth.
  • Tephrosia flexuosa G.Don
  • Tephrosia florida (F.Dietr.) C.E.Wood
  • Tephrosia floridana (Vail) Isely
  • Tephrosia foliolosa (Rydb.) L.Riley
  • Tephrosia forbesii Baker
  • Tephrosia forrestiana F.Muell.
  • Tephrosia fulvinervis A.Rich.
  • Tephrosia gaudium-solis Domin
  • Tephrosia geminiflora Baker
  • Tephrosia genistoides (Dumaz-le-Grand) Du Puy & Labat
  • Tephrosia glomeruliflora Meissner
  • Tephrosia gobensis Brummitt
  • Tephrosia gorgonea Cout.
  • Tephrosia gossweileri Baker f.
  • Tephrosia gracilenta H.M.L.Forbes
  • Tephrosia gracilipes Guill. & Perr.
  • Tephrosia grandibracteata Merxm.
  • Tephrosia grandiflora (Aiton) Pers.
  • Tephrosia griseola H.M.L.Forbes
  • Tephrosia guayameoensis O.Tellez
  • Tephrosia haussknechtii Bornm.
  • Tephrosia heckmanniana Harms
  • Tephrosia heterophylla Vatke
  • Tephrosia hildebrandtii Vatke
  • Tephrosia hispidula (Michx.) Pers.
  • Tephrosia hochstetteri Chiov.
  • Tephrosia hockii De Wild.
  • Tephrosia holstii Taub.
  • Tephrosia hookeriana Wight & Arn.
  • Tephrosia huillensis Baker
  • Tephrosia humbertii Dumaz-le-Grand
  • Tephrosia humilis Guill. & Perr.
  • Tephrosia hypoleuca L.Riley
  • Tephrosia ibityensis (R.Vig.) Du Puy & Labat
  • Tephrosia inandensis H.M.L.Forbes
  • Tephrosia incana (Roxb.) Graham ex Wight
  • Tephrosia interrupta Engl.
  • Tephrosia iringae Baker f.
  • Tephrosia isaloensis Du Puy & Labat
  • Tephrosia jamnagarensis Santapau
  • Tephrosia juncea Benth.
  • Tephrosia kalamboensis Brummitt & J.B.Gillett
  • Tephrosia karkarensis Thulin
  • Tephrosia kasikiensis Baker f.
  • Tephrosia kassasii Boulos
  • Tephrosia katangensis De Wild.
  • Tephrosia kazibensis Cronquist
  • Tephrosia kerrii J.R.Drumm. & Craib
  • Tephrosia kindu De Wild.
  • Tephrosia kraussiana Meissner
  • Tephrosia laevigata Baker
  • Tephrosia lamprolobioides F.Muell.
  • Tephrosia lanata M.Martens & Galeotti
  • Tephrosia langlassei Micheli
  • Tephrosia lathyroides Guill. & Perr.
  • Tephrosia laxa Domin
  • Tephrosia lebrunii Cronquist
  • Tephrosia leiocarpa A.Gray
  • Tephrosia lepida Baker f.
  • Tephrosia leptoclada Benth.
  • Tephrosia letestui Tisser.
  • Tephrosia leucantha Kunth
  • Tephrosia leveillei Domin
  • Tephrosia lindheimeri A.Gray
  • Tephrosia linearis (Willd.) Pers.
  • Tephrosia longipes Meissner
  • Tephrosia lortii Baker f.
  • Tephrosia lupinifolia DC.
  • Tephrosia lurida Sond.
  • Tephrosia luzoniensis Vogel
  • Tephrosia lyallii Baker
  • Tephrosia macrantha Pringle
  • Tephrosia macrocarpa Benth.
  • Tephrosia macropoda (E.Mey.) Harv.
  • Tephrosia macrostachya (Benth.) Domin
  • Tephrosia maculata Merr. & L.M.Perry
  • Tephrosia madrensis Seem.
  • Tephrosia major Micheli
  • Tephrosia malvina Brummitt
  • Tephrosia manikensis De Wild.
  • Tephrosia marginella H.M.L.Forbes
  • Tephrosia mariana DC.
  • Tephrosia maxima (L.) Pers.
  • Tephrosia melanocalyx Baker
  • Tephrosia mexicana C.E.Wood
  • Tephrosia meyerana J.B.Gillett
  • Tephrosia micrantha J.B.Gillett
  • Tephrosia microcarpa O. Téllez
  • Tephrosia miranda Brummitt
  • Tephrosia mohrii (Rydb.) R.K.Godfrey
  • Tephrosia monophylla Schinz
  • Tephrosia montana Brummitt
  • Tephrosia moroubensis Tisser.
  • Tephrosia mossiensis A.Chev.
  • Tephrosia mucronata (Thunb.) DC.
  • Tephrosia muenzneri Harms
  • Tephrosia multifolia Rose
  • Tephrosia multijuga R.G.N.Young
  • Tephrosia mysteriosa DeLaney
  • Tephrosia nana Schweinf.
  • Tephrosia natalensis H.M.L.Forbes
  • Tephrosia nervosa Chodat & Hassl.
  • Tephrosia newtoniana Torre
  • Tephrosia nicaraguensis Oerst.
  • Tephrosia nitens Seem.
  • Tephrosia noctiflora Baker
  • Tephrosia nseleensis De Wild.
  • Tephrosia nubica (Boiss.) Baker
  • Tephrosia nyikensis Baker
  • Tephrosia obbiadensis Chiov.
  • Tephrosia oblongata Benth.
  • Tephrosia obovata Merr.
  • Tephrosia odorata Balf.f.
  • Tephrosia oligophylla Benth.
  • Tephrosia onobrychoides Nutt.
  • Tephrosia oubanguiensis Tisser.
  • Tephrosia oxygona Baker
  • Tephrosia pachypoda L.Riley
  • Tephrosia pallens (Aiton) Pers.
  • Tephrosia palmeri S.Watson
  • Tephrosia paniculata Baker
  • Tephrosia parvifolia (R.Vig.) Du Puy & Labat
  • Tephrosia paucijuga Harms
  • Tephrosia pearsonii Baker f.
  • Tephrosia pedicellata Baker
  • Tephrosia pentaphylla (Roxb.) G.Don
  • Tephrosia perrieri R.Vig.
  • Tephrosia persica Boiss. (called نیلکی Nilaki in Persian)[13]
  • Tephrosia phaeosperma Benth.
  • Tephrosia phylloxylon (R.Vig.) Du Puy & Labat
  • Tephrosia pietersii H.M.L.Forbes
  • Tephrosia pinifolia Du Puy & Labat
  • Tephrosia platycarpa Guill. & Perr.
  • Tephrosia platyphylla (Rose) Standl.
  • Tephrosia pogonocalyx C.E.Wood
  • Tephrosia polyphylla (Chiov.) J.B.Gillett
  • Tephrosia polystachya E.Mey.
  • Tephrosia polyzyga Benth.
  • Tephrosia pondoensis (Codd) Schrire
  • Tephrosia porrecta Benth.
  • Tephrosia potosina Brandegee
  • Tephrosia praecana Brummitt
  • Tephrosia pringlei (Rose) J.F.Macbr.
  • Tephrosia pseudolongipes Baker f.
  • Tephrosia pulchella Hook. f.
  • Tephrosia pumila (Lam.) Pers.
  • Tephrosia punctata J.B.Gillett
  • Tephrosia pungens (R.Vig.) Du Puy & Labat
  • Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers.
  • Tephrosia quercetorum C.E.Wood
  • Tephrosia radicans Baker
  • Tephrosia rechingeri Ali
  • Tephrosia remotiflora Benth.
  • Tephrosia reptans Baker
  • Tephrosia retamoides (Baker) Soler.
  • Tephrosia reticulata Benth.
  • Tephrosia retusa Burtt Davy
  • Tephrosia rhodantha Brandegee
  • Tephrosia rhodesica Baker f.
  • Tephrosia richardsiae J.B.Gillett
  • Tephrosia rigida Span.
  • Tephrosia rigidula Baker
  • Tephrosia ringoetii Baker f.
  • Tephrosia robinsoniana Brummitt
  • Tephrosia rosea Benth.
  • Tephrosia roxburghiana J.R.Drumm.
  • Tephrosia rufula Pedley
  • Tephrosia rugelii Shuttlew.
  • Tephrosia rupicola J.B.Gillett
  • Tephrosia savannicola Domin
  • Tephrosia saxicola C.E.Wood
  • Tephrosia scopulata Thulin
  • Tephrosia seemannii (Britten & Baker f.) K.Schum.
  • Tephrosia semiglabra Sond.
  • Tephrosia seminole Shinners
  • Tephrosia sengaensis Baker f.
  • Tephrosia senna Kunth
  • Tephrosia senticosa (L.) Pers.
  • Tephrosia sessiliflora (Poir.) Hassl.
  • Tephrosia seticulosa (L.) Pers.
  • Tephrosia shamimii Ali
  • Tephrosia shiluwanensis Schinz
  • Tephrosia siamensis J.R.Drumm.
  • Tephrosia simulans C.E.Wood
  • Tephrosia sinapou (Buc'hoz) A.Chev.
  • Tephrosia singuliflora F.Muell.
  • Tephrosia smythiae McVaugh
  • Tephrosia socotrana Thulin
  • Tephrosia sousae O. Téllez
  • Tephrosia spechtii Pedley
  • Tephrosia sphaerospora F.Muell.
  • Tephrosia spicata (Walter) Torr. & A.Gray
  • Tephrosia spinosa (L.f.) Pers.
  • Tephrosia stipularis (Desv.) DC.
  • Tephrosia stipuligera W.Fitzg.
  • Tephrosia stormsii De Wild.
  • Tephrosia stricta (L.f.) Pers.
  • Tephrosia strigosa (Dalzell) Santapau & Maheshw.
  • Tephrosia stuartii Benth.
  • Tephrosia subaphylla Du Puy & Labat
  • Tephrosia submontana (Rose) L.Riley
  • Tephrosia subnuda Domin
  • Tephrosia subpectinata Domin
  • Tephrosia subpraecox Cronquist
  • Tephrosia subtriflora Baker
  • Tephrosia subulata Hutch. & Burtt Davy
  • Tephrosia supina Domin
  • Tephrosia sylitroides Baker f.
  • Tephrosia sylviae Berhaut
  • Tephrosia tanganyikensis De Wild.
  • Tephrosia tepicana (Standl.) Standl.
  • Tephrosia thurberi Rydb.
  • Tephrosia tinctoria Pers.
  • Tephrosia totta (Thunb.) Pers.
  • Tephrosia travancorica Thoth. & D.N.Das
  • Tephrosia tundavalensis Bamps
  • Tephrosia uniflora Pers.
  • Tephrosia uniovulata F.Muell.
  • Tephrosia varians (Bailey) C.T.White
  • Tephrosia verdickii De Wild.
  • Tephrosia vernicosa C.E.Wood
  • Tephrosia vestita Vogel
  • Tephrosia vicioides Schltdl.
  • Tephrosia viguieri Du Puy & Labat
  • Tephrosia villosa (L.) Pers.
  • Tephrosia virens Pedley
  • Tephrosia virgata H.M.L.Forbes
  • Tephrosia virginiana (L.) Pers.
  • Tephrosia vogelii Hook.f.
  • Tephrosia vohimenaensis Du Puy & Labat
  • Tephrosia watsoniana (Standl.) J.F.Macbr.
  • Tephrosia whyteana Baker f.
  • Tephrosia wynaadensis J.R.Drumm.
  • Tephrosia zambiana Brummitt
  • Tephrosia zollingeri Backer
  • Tephrosia zoutpansbergensis Bremek.

Hybrids

Hybrids include:[12]

  • Tephrosia × intermedia (Small) G.L. Nesom & Zarucchi

See also

References

  1. ↑ Tephrosia Pers. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
  2. ↑ "Genus: Tephrosia Pers". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2007-10-05. Archived from the original on 2014-01-04. Retrieved 2014-04-05.
  3. ↑ Pedley L. (2014). "Systematics of Tephrosia Pers. (Fabaceae: Millettiae) in Queensland: 1. A summary of the classification of the genus, with the recognition of two new species allied to T. varians (F.M.Bailey) C.T.White". Austrobaileya. 9 (2): 229–243. JSTOR 43869005.
  4. ↑ Weakley, Alan (2015). "Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States".
  5. ↑ Quattrocchi, Umberto (2000). CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names: Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology. Vol. IV R-Z. CRC Press. p. 2642. ISBN 978-0-8493-2678-3.
  6. ↑ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Tephrosia". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 8 December 2015.
  7. 1 2 Randolph, Vance (2012-07-31). Ozark Magic and Folklore. Courier Corporation. ISBN 978-0-486-12296-0.
  8. ↑ U.S. Food & Drug Administration (March 2006). "Results for search term "tephrosia"". FDA Poisonous Plant Database. U.S. Food & Drug Administration. Retrieved 2008-01-21.
  9. ↑ Hugh Scott, In the High Yemen, London 1942, p. 238, note C.
  10. ↑ NTFlora Northern Territory Flora online: Flora of the Darwin Region: Fabaceae. Retrieved 10 June 2018
  11. ↑ Koigi, Bob (November 2011). "Tephrosia Leaf Offers Low-Cost Tick Protection". New Agriculturalist.
  12. 1 2 The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species, retrieved January 14, 2017
  13. ↑ SID.ir | بررسی اثر سیتوتوکسیک دو گیاه اسپرس درختی نقره ای (Taverniera spartea DC.) و نیلکی (Tephrosia persica Boiss.) بر رده های سلولی سرطان انسانی . (2022). Sid.ir. Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://www.sid.ir/Fa/Plan/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=953
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