| Swimming at the Games of the XXXI Olympiad | |
|---|---|
 %252C_Rio_2016.png.webp) Pictograms for Swimming (left) and Marathon Swimming (right) | |
| Venue | Olympic Aquatics Stadium (pool) Fort Copacabana (open water) |
| Dates | 6–13 August 2016 15–16 August (Marathon) |
| No. of events | 34 |
| Competitors | 955 from 174 nations |
| Swimming at the 2016 Summer Olympics | ||
|---|---|---|
 | ||
| Qualification | ||
| Freestyle | ||
| 50 m | men | women |
| 100 m | men | women |
| 200 m | men | women |
| 400 m | men | women |
| 800 m | women | |
| 1500 m | men | |
| Backstroke | ||
| 100 m | men | women |
| 200 m | men | women |
| Breaststroke | ||
| 100 m | men | women |
| 200 m | men | women |
| Butterfly | ||
| 100 m | men | women |
| 200 m | men | women |
| Individual medley | ||
| 200 m | men | women |
| 400 m | men | women |
| Freestyle relay | ||
| 4 × 100 m | men | women |
| 4 × 200 m | men | women |
| Medley relay | ||
| 4 × 100 m | men | women |
| Marathon | ||
| 10 km | men | women |
The swimming competitions at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro took place from 6 to 13 August at the Olympic Aquatics Stadium.[1] The women's open-water marathon was held on August 15, and the men's open water race on August 16 in Fort Copacabana.[2]
Open water quality
The location for open-water events was a source of concern for athletes since scientists have found microbes in the waters off of Fort Copacabana and drug-resistant super bacteria off the beaches of Rio de Janeiro in 2014 and 2016 studies due to the daily dumping of hospital waste and household raw sewage into the rivers and ocean. Ten percent of the Copacabana water test samples contained drug-resistant super bacteria.[3][4] However, during the races the water quality was good.[5][6]
Events
Similar to the program's format in 2012, swimming features a total of 34 events (17 each for men and women), including two 10 km open-water marathons. The following events were contested (all pool events are long course, and distances are in metres unless stated):
- Freestyle: 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 (women), and 1,500 (men);
- Backstroke: 100 and 200;
- Breaststroke: 100 and 200;
- Butterfly: 100 and 200;
- Individual medley: 200 and 400;
- Relays: 4 × 100 free, 4 × 200 free; 4 × 100 medley
- Marathon: 10 kilometres
Schedule
Similar to previous Olympics since 2000, with the exception of 2008, the swimming program schedule occurred in two segments. For the pool events, prelims are held in the afternoon, followed by the semifinals and final in the evening and the night session (due to the substantial fees NBC has paid for rights to the Olympics, the IOC has allowed NBC to have influence on event scheduling to maximize U.S. television ratings when possible; NBC agreed to a $7.75 billion contract extension on May 7, 2014, to air the Olympics through the 2032 games[7] and is also one of the major sources of revenue for the IOC).[8][9] The dates in the table are for August.
| H | Heats | ½ | Semifinals | F | Final |
A = Afternoon session, starting at 13:00 local time (16:00 UTC).
N = Night session, starting at 22:00 local time (01:00 UTC the next day).
| Date → | Aug 6 | Aug 7 | Aug 8 | Aug 9 | Aug 10 | Aug 11 | Aug 12 | Aug 13 | Aug 16 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Event ↓ | A | N | A | N | A | N | A | N | A | N | A | N | A | N | A | N | A | N |
| 50 m freestyle | H | ½ | F | |||||||||||||||
| 100 m freestyle | H | ½ | F | |||||||||||||||
| 200 m freestyle | H | ½ | F | |||||||||||||||
| 400 m freestyle | H | F | ||||||||||||||||
| 1500 m freestyle | H | F | ||||||||||||||||
| 100 m backstroke | H | ½ | F | |||||||||||||||
| 200 m backstroke | H | ½ | F | |||||||||||||||
| 100 m breaststroke | H | ½ | F | |||||||||||||||
| 200 m breaststroke | H | ½ | F | |||||||||||||||
| 100 m butterfly | H | ½ | F | |||||||||||||||
| 200 m butterfly | H | ½ | F | |||||||||||||||
| 200 m individual medley | H | ½ | F | |||||||||||||||
| 400 m individual medley | H | F | ||||||||||||||||
| 4 × 100 m freestyle relay | H | F | ||||||||||||||||
| 4 × 200 m freestyle relay | H | F | ||||||||||||||||
| 4 × 100 m medley relay | H | F | ||||||||||||||||
| 10 km open water | F | |||||||||||||||||
| Date → | Aug 6 | Aug 7 | Aug 8 | Aug 9 | Aug 10 | Aug 11 | Aug 12 | Aug 13 | Aug 15 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Event ↓ | A | N | A | N | A | N | A | N | A | N | A | N | A | N | A | N | A | N |
| 50 m freestyle | H | ½ | F | |||||||||||||||
| 100 m freestyle | H | ½ | F | |||||||||||||||
| 200 m freestyle | H | ½ | F | |||||||||||||||
| 400 m freestyle | H | F | ||||||||||||||||
| 800 m freestyle | H | F | ||||||||||||||||
| 100 m backstroke | H | ½ | F | |||||||||||||||
| 200 m backstroke | H | ½ | F | |||||||||||||||
| 100 m breaststroke | H | ½ | F | |||||||||||||||
| 200 m breaststroke | H | ½ | F | |||||||||||||||
| 100 m butterfly | H | ½ | F | |||||||||||||||
| 200 m butterfly | H | ½ | F | |||||||||||||||
| 200 m individual medley | H | ½ | F | |||||||||||||||
| 400 m individual medley | H | F | ||||||||||||||||
| 4 × 100 m freestyle relay | H | F | ||||||||||||||||
| 4 × 200 m freestyle relay | H | F | ||||||||||||||||
| 4 × 100 m medley relay | H | F | ||||||||||||||||
| 10 km open water | F | |||||||||||||||||
Qualification
FINA By-Law BL 9.3.6.4 (swimming) and BL 9.3.7.5.3 (open water) laid out the qualification procedures for the "Swimming" competition at the Olympics.[11] Each country is allowed to enter up to two swimmers per individual event (provided they qualify), and one entry per relay; and a country may not have more than 26 males and 26 females (52 total) on its team.
Swimming – individual events
On January 15, 2015, FINA posted the qualifying times for individual events for the 2016 Summer Olympics.[12] The time standards consisted of two types: an "Olympic Qualifying Time" (OQT) and an "Olympic Selection time" (OST). Each country was able to enter up to two swimmers per event, provided both swimmers met the (faster) qualifying time. A country was able to enter one swimmer per event that met the invitation standard. Any swimmer who met the "qualifying" time was entered in the event for the Games; a swimmer meeting the "invitation" standard was eligible for entry, and their entry was allotted/filled in by ranking.[12][13]
If a country had had no swimmers who meet either qualifying standard, it may have entered one male and one female. A country that did not receive an allocation spot but had at least one swimmer who met a qualifying standard might have enter the swimmer with the highest ranking.[13]
Swimming – relay events
Each relay event features 16 teams, composed of:
- 12: the top-12 finishers at the 2015 World Championships in each relay event.[13]
- 4: the 4 fastest non-qualified teams, based on times in the 15-months preceding the Olympics.[13]
Open-water swimming
The men's and women's 10 km races at the 2016 Summer Olympics featured 25 swimmers:[14]
- 10: the top-10 finishers in the 10 km races at the 2015 World Championships
- 9: the top-9 finishers at the 2016 Olympic Marathon Swim Qualifier (June 11–12, 2016 in Setúbal, Portugal)[15]
- 5: one representative from each FINA continent (Africa, Americas, Asia, Europe and Oceania). (These have been selected based on the finishes at the qualifying race in Setúbal.)
- 1: from the host nation (Brazil) if not qualified by other means. If Brazil already contained a qualifier in the race, this spot had been allocated back into the general pool from the 2016 Olympic qualifier race.
Participation
Participating nations
Brazil, as the host country, receives guaranteed quota place in case it would not qualify any qualification places.
Albania (2)
Algeria (1)
Andorra (2)
Angola (2)
Antigua and Barbuda (2)
Argentina (5)
Armenia (2)
Aruba (2)
Australia (39)
Austria (6)
Azerbaijan (2)
Bahamas (3)
Bahrain (1)
Bangladesh (2)
Barbados (2).svg.png.webp)
Belgium (10)
Benin (2)
Belarus (8)
Bermuda (2)
Bolivia (2)
Bosnia and Herzegovina (2)
Botswana (2)
Brazil (36)
British Virgin Islands (1)
Bulgaria (3)
Burkina Faso (2)
Burundi (2)
Cambodia (2).svg.png.webp)
Canada (30).svg.png.webp)
Cayman Islands (2)
Central African Republic (2)
Chile (2)
China (45)
Colombia (4)
Comoros (2)
Republic of the Congo (2)
Cook Islands (2)
Costa Rica (1)
Croatia (2)
Cuba (1)
Cyprus (2)
Czech Republic (8)
Denmark (15)
Djibouti (1)
Dominican Republic (2)
Ecuador (3)
Egypt (7)
El Salvador (2)
Estonia (2)
Ethiopia (2)
Fiji (2)
Finland (8)
France (30)
Gabon (1)
The Gambia (1)
Georgia (2)
Germany (29)
Great Britain (28)
Ghana (2)
Greece (15)
Grenada (2)
Guam (2)
Guinea (2)
Guatemala (2)
Guyana (2)
Haiti (2).svg.png.webp)
Honduras (2)
Hong Kong (7)
Hungary (35)
Iceland (3)
India (2)
Indonesia (2)
Iran (1)
Iraq (1)
Ireland (3)
Israel (7)
Italy (38)
Ivory Coast (2)
Jamaica (2)
Japan (36)
Jordan (2)
Kazakhstan (3)
Kenya (2)
Kosovo (2)
Independent Olympic Athletes (2).svg.png.webp)
Kyrgyzstan (2)
Laos (2)
Latvia (2)
Lebanon (2)
Libya (2)
Liechtenstein (2)
Lithuania (6)
Luxembourg (3)
Macedonia (2)
Madagascar (2)
Malaysia (3)
Malawi (2)
Maldives (2)
Mali (2)
Malta (2)
Marshall Islands (2)
Mauritius (2)
Mexico (3)
Federated States of Micronesia (2)
Moldova (2)
Mongolia (2)
Montenegro (2)
Morocco (2)
Mozambique (2)
Myanmar (1)
Netherlands (17)
Nepal (2)
New Zealand (9)
Nicaragua (2)
Niger (2)
Nigeria (2)
Norway (2)
Palau (2)
Palestine (2)
Pakistan (2)
Panama (2)
Papua New Guinea (1)
Paraguay (2)
Peru (2)
Philippines (2)
Poland (20)
Portugal (5)
Qatar (2)- Refugee Olympic Team (2)
Romania (6)
Puerto Rico (2)
Russia (36)
Rwanda (2)
Saint Lucia (1)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2)
Samoa (2)
Senegal (2)
Serbia (6)
Seychelles (2)
Sierra Leone (2)
Singapore (3)
Slovakia (3)
Slovenia (10)
South Africa (13)
South Korea (8)
Spain (24)
Sri Lanka (2)
Sweden (11)
Switzerland (8)
Sudan (2)
Suriname (2)
Syria (2)
Chinese Taipei (2)
Tajikistan (2)
Tanzania (2)
Thailand (2)
Togo (2)
Tonga (2)
Trinidad and Tobago (2)
Tunisia (2)
Turkey (4)
Turkmenistan (2)
Uganda (2)
Ukraine (7)
United Arab Emirates (2)
United States (47)
Uruguay (2)
Uzbekistan (2)
Venezuela (6)
Vietnam (2)
Virgin Islands (2)
Yemen (2)
Zambia (2)
Zimbabwe (2)
Medal summary
Medal table
* Host nation (Brazil)
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States | 16 | 8 | 9 | 33 |
| 2 | Australia | 3 | 4 | 3 | 10 |
| 3 | Hungary | 3 | 2 | 2 | 7 |
| 4 | Japan | 2 | 2 | 3 | 7 |
| 5 | Netherlands | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 6 | Great Britain | 1 | 5 | 0 | 6 |
| 7 | China | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 |
| 8 | Canada | 1 | 1 | 4 | 6 |
| 9 | Italy | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
| 10 | Sweden | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| 11 | Denmark | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| Spain | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | |
| 13 | Kazakhstan | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Singapore | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| 15 | South Africa | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 16 | Russia | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| 17 | France | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| 18 | Belgium | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Greece | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| 20 | Belarus | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Brazil* | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| Totals (21 entries) | 35 | 35 | 34 | 104 | |
Men's events
a Swimmers who participated in the heats only and received medals.
Women's events
b Swimmers who participated in the heats only and received medals.
Olympic and world records broken
Men
| Event | Established for | Date | Round | Name | Nationality | Time | Record | Day |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men's 100 metre breaststroke | (same) | 6 August | Heats | Adam Peaty | Great Britain | 57.55 | WR | 1 |
| Men's 100 metre breaststroke | (same) | 7 August | Final | Adam Peaty | Great Britain | 57.13 | WR | 2 |
| Men's 100 metre backstroke | (same) | 8 August | Final | Ryan Murphy | United States | 51.97 | OR | 3 |
| Men's 200 metre breaststroke | (same) | 9 August | Semifinal | Ippei Watanabe | Japan | 2:07.22 | OR | 4 |
| Men's 100 metre butterfly | (same) | 12 August | Final | Joseph Schooling | Singapore | 50.39 | OR | 7 |
| Men's 4 × 100 metre medley relay | Men's 100 metre backstroke | 13 August | Final | Ryan Murphy | United States | 51.85 r | WR | 8 |
| Men's 4 × 100 metre medley relay | (same) | 13 August | Final | Ryan Murphy (51.85) Cody Miller (59.03) Michael Phelps (50.33) Nathan Adrian (46.74) | United States | 3:27.95 | OR | 8 |
Women
Legend: r – First leg of relay
- All world records (WR) are consequently Olympic records (OR).
See also
References
- ↑ "Olympedia – Swimming at the 2016 Summer Olympics". www.olympedia.org. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
- ↑ "Rio 2016: Daily competition schedule" (PDF). Rio 2016 Organization. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 June 2015. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
- ↑ "Exclusive: Studies find 'super bacteria' in Rio's Olympic venues, top beaches". Reuters. 11 June 2016.
The first of the two new studies [...] showed the presence of the microbes at five of Rio's showcase beaches, including the ocean-front Copacabana, where open-water and triathlon swimming will take place.
- ↑ "Scientists reportedly find super bacteria in several Rio Olympic venues". Fox News. 11 June 2016.
- ↑ "Rio Olympics: Water quality not an issue in open water 10k race". Newsday. 15 August 2016. Retrieved 20 August 2016.
- ↑ Baxter, Kevin (15 August 2016). "Marathon swimmers find Rio's water to their taste". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 20 August 2016.
- ↑ "Olympics on NBC through 2032". USA Today. Gannett Company. 7 May 2014.
- ↑ "Fewer Russians Could Be a Windfall for U.S. Olympic Business". The New York Times. 7 December 2017. Retrieved 5 February 2018.
- ↑ Longman, Jeré (12 February 2018). "For Olympic Figure Skaters, a New Meaning to Morning Routine". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 16 February 2018. Retrieved 17 February 2018.
- 1 2 "Swimming At The 2016 Olympic Games – The Complete Schedule". SwimSwam. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ↑ "FINA By Law 9". FINA. Archived from the original on 18 June 2010. Retrieved 23 January 2015.
- 1 2 "FINA Releases 2016 Olympic Qualifying Time Standards". Swimming World Magazine. 16 January 2015. Retrieved 23 January 2015.
- 1 2 3 4 "Rio 2016 – FINA Swimming Qualification System" (PDF). Rio 2016. FINA. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 February 2015. Retrieved 23 January 2015.
- ↑ "Rio 2016 – FINA Marathon Swimming Qualification System" (PDF). Rio 2016. FINA. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2015. Retrieved 23 January 2015.
- ↑ Keith, Braden (7 January 2015). "2016 Olympic Marathon Swim Qualifier returning to Setubal, Portugal". SwimSwam.com. Retrieved 23 January 2015.
External links
- "Swimming at the 2016 Summer Olympics (Rio2016.com)". Archived from the original on 26 August 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2018.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - "Marathon Swimming at the 2016 Summer Olympics (Rio2016.com)". Archived from the original on 26 August 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2018.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - Swimming at the 2016 Summer Olympics at SR/Olympics (archived)
- NBC Olympics: Swimming
- Results Book – Swimming
- Results Book – Marathon Swimming
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