Trumpet-shaped flowers and large, heart-shaped leaves emerge the stems of a sweet potato plant.
A sweet potato plant in bloom at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology botanical garden.
Close-up view of a pile of golden sweet potato roots
Edible sweet potato roots photographed in Karlsruhe, Germany.

This list of sweet potato cultivars provides some information about varieties and cultivars of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). The sweet potato was first domesticated in the Americas more than 5,000 years ago.[1] As of 2013, there are approximately 7,000 sweet potato cultivars. People grow sweet potato in many parts of the world, including New Zealand, Australia, the Philippines, Japan, Hawaii, China, and North America. However, sweet potato is not widely cultivated in Europe.[2]

People breed sweet potatoes mainly either for food (their nutritious storage roots) or for their attractive vines. (The variety 'Vardaman' is grown for both.) The first table below lists sweet potato cultivars grown for their edible roots; the second table lists cultivars bred as ornamental vines. In the first table, the Parentage column briefly explains how the sweet potato cultivar was bred. Sweet potato plants with desirable traits are selectively bred to produce new cultivars.

Sweet potato cultivars differ in many ways. One way people compare them is by the size, shape, and color of the roots. The more orange the flesh of a sweet potato root is, the more nutritious carotene it has. (Humans metabolize carotene into vitamin A.) The skin of a sweet potato root is a different color than the flesh. The biological word for the outer skin is epidermis; the flesh is called the pith or medulla. The first table below has a general description of the color of the root's flesh and skin.

In the mid-20th century, sweet potato growers in the Southern United States began marketing orange-fleshed sweet potatoes as "yams", in an attempt to differentiate them from pale-fleshed sweet potatoes.[3] Even though these growers called their products yams, true yams are significantly different. All sweet potatoes are variations of one species: I. batatas. Yams are any of various tropical species of the genus Dioscorea. A yam tuber is starchier, dryer, and often larger than the storage root of a sweet potato, and the skin is more coarse.[3] This list does not include yams.

Cultivars bred for edible roots

Many of the sweet potato cultivars below were bred at agricultural experiment stations. An agricultural experiment station (AES) is a research center where scientists work to increase the quality and quantity of food production. Agricultural experiment stations are usually operated by a government agency and/or a university.

Name Plant breeder Parentage Root skin (epidermis) colour Root flesh (medulla) colour Notes Origin
Acadian Louisiana State University[4]L21 × L131[4]copperorangeDoes not appearUSA
Allgold / Okla. 240 Oklahoma State University–Stillwater[4]Creole × Triumph (Parent 10)[4]tan[1]orangeDoes not appearUSA
Americana ????Does not appear?
Apache USDA (United States Department of Agriculture)[4](Yellow Yam 149 × Nancy Hall 42–1) × (Pelican Processor Triumph)[4]orange?Does not appearUSA
Australian Canner Department of Agriculture (Australia)[4]???Adaptation trials/naming by USDA et al.[4]Australia
Ayamurasaki ?indigenoussangriaplumAlso called beniimoOkinawa
Baker / V 2158 Norfolk, Virginia[4]Virginian × numbered seedling[4]??Does not appearUSA
Beauregard Baton Rouge, Louisiana[4]open-pollinated seedling of L78-21[4]rose[5]orange[5]First cultivated in 1987[5]USA
Bonara ????Does not appear?
Campeon ??light red[6]white[6]Commonly called boniato[6] (a word for sweet potato in Cuban Spanish)?
Canbake / G-52-15-1 Georgia Agricultural Experiment Station (AES)[4]???Does not appearUSA
Caro-Gold Clemson College[4]C317 × Goldrush[4]bright purpleorangeDoes not appearUSA
Carolina Bunch US Vegetable Laboratory (USDA Agricultural Research Service); South Carolina AES[4]open pollinated seedling of Excel[4]light copperdeep orangeDoes not appearUSA
Carolina Nugget North Carolina State University[4]HM1-36 × Lakan[4]rosymedium orangeFirst cultivated in 1954[4]USA
Carolina Ruby North Carolina Agricultural Research Service (NCARS)[4]open pollinated seedling of Beauregard[4]dark red to purple-red[5]dark orange[5]First cultivated in 1988[5]USA
Caromex North Carolina State University[4]NC228 × NC234[4]dark copperdeep orangeFirst cultivated in 1971[4]USA
Carver Tuskegee Institute[4]Centennial × Jewel[4]deep rosedeep orangeDoes not appearUSA
Centennial / L-3-77 Louisiana AES (Baton Rouge, Louisiana)[4]Unit IPR × Pelican Processor[4]orange[7]orange[7]Does not appearUSA
Chipper ????Does not appear?
Covington NC98-608 North Carolina State University[4]?rose[5]orange[5]Smooth skin[5]USA
Cliett Bunch Porto Rico / Georgia Bunch Porto Rico University of Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station (Tifton, Georgia)[4]mutation from Vining Porto Rico[4]??Similar to Vining Porto Rico[4]USA
Coastal Red University of Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station (Tifton, Georgia)[4]open-pollinated seedling from GA-76[4]redmedium orangeFirst cultivated in 1978[4]USA
Coppergold L. A. Sharum (Fort Smith, Arkansas)[4]selected mutation in Allgold[4]russet copper?Does not appearUSA
Cordner Texas AES and Oklahoma State University[4]copper[5]medium orange[5]?First cultivated in 1983[5]USA
Creole ????Does not appear?
Darby Louisiana AES (Baton Rouge, Louisiana)[4]open pollinated seedling of L 83-523[4]dark roseorangePurple stems[4]USA
Don Juan Puerto Rico AES (Río Piedras, Puerto Rico)[4]selected from native stock[4]??Does not appearPuerto Rico
Earlyport Louisiana AES (Baton Rouge, Louisiana)[4](Mameyita × seedling L-4-6) × (seedling L-5 × Triumph)[4]copperorangeSimilar to Porto Rico[4]USA
Earlysweet / T-3 University of Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station (Tifton, Georgia)[4]Porto Rico × unnamed breeding lines[4]light-skinneddeep orangeDoes not appearUSA
Eureka Louisiana State University AES; University of California AES[4]L9-163 × LO-132[4]copperorangeDoes not appearUSA
Evangeline Louisiana[8]?roseorange[8]Does not appearUSA
Excel USDA and the South Carolina AES[4]open-pollinated seedling of Regal polycrossed in 1981 to 29 other parental selections[4]light copperorangeSkin color is slightly lighter than that of Jewel[4]USA
GA90-16 Georgia AES; US Vegetable Laboratory (USDA ARS)[4]??whiteLow sugar, low maltose[4]USA
Garnet ??pale copperbrilliant orangeCommonly called "yams" in the United States to distinguish them from O'Henry sweet potatoes[4]USA
Georgia Jet ??purplish reddeep orangeDoes not appearUSA
Georgia Red / T-6 University of Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station (Tifton, Georgia)[4]Porto Rican crosses[4]coppery-red skin?Similar to Porto Rico[4]USA
Gold Rush Louisiana AES (Baton Rouge, Louisiana)[4](Mameyita × Seedling L4-6) × (Seedling L-5 × Triumph)[4]light copperdeep orangePurple stems[4]USA
Golden Belle Bryce Woods (Rogers, Arkansas)[4]Nancy Gold mutation[4]?goldenFlesh color differs from Nancy Hall.USA
Goldmar Maryland AES (College Park, Maryland)[4]Redmar mutation[4]golden?Cultivated in 1973. Similar to Redmar, but different skin color.[4]USA
Grand Asia ??pinkwhiteBoniato-type similar to 'Japanese'[9]?
Hannah Sweet ????Does not appear?
Hayman White ??tan[10]cream[10]An heirloom variety of the Eastern United States[11][12]USA
Heartogold Louisiana State University[4]Mameyita × Yellow Yam[4]flesh-coloreddeep orangeDoes not appearUSA
Hernandez Louisiana State University AES[4]seedling of L70-323[4]burnt orange[5]deep orange[5]First cultivated in 1992[5]USA
HiDry Clemson University; USDA[4]fourth-generation, open-pollinated selection from MK-14[4]whitecreamCultivated for industrial use[4]USA
Hoolehua Gold ??pale redorangeDoes not appear?
Hoolehua Red ??redoff-whiteDoes not appear?
Hopi / HM-122 USDA Horticultural Field Station (Meridian, Mississippi)[4]???Does not appearUSA
Houhere Māori traditionalpre-European "kūmara" type[13]pinkyellowRectangular tubersNew Zealand
Hutihuti Māori traditionalpre-European "kūmara" type[14]creamcreamLong, thin, up to 20 roots per plant[13]New Zealand
Iliua ????Does not appear?
Japanese / Oriental ??purplish redpaleBoniato-type.[9] Comparatively lower moisture.[8]?
Jersey Orange / Orange Little Stern Kansas State College; Rutgers University[4]?orange-browndeep orangeSize and shape are similar to that of Jersey Yellow[4]USA
Jersey Red ????An heirloom variety[10]USA
Jersey Yellow ??golden, buff, or tancream to bright yellowAn heirloom variety[10]USA
Jewel North Carolina State University?copper[5]deep orange[5]First cultivated in 1970.[5] Commonly called "yams" in the United States to distinguish them from O'Henry sweet potatoes.USA
Kandee / K1716 Kansas State College[4]La 1946 Cross 17 × 1 (yellow yam × Nancy Hall)[4]reddish bronzebright orangeDoes not appearUSA
Kona B ??pale red to orange-redlight orangeDoes not appear?
Kote Buki ??purplish redwhiteMid-season?
Lakan / L-0-123 Louisiana AES (Baton Rouge, Louisiana)[4](Unit IPR × Pelican. Processor) × (Mameyita × L-4-6)[4]reddish-bronze to reddish-tanbright orangeDoes not appearUSA
Mameyita ????Does not appear?
Maryland Golden ????Does not appearUSA
Miguela ????Does not appear?
Murasaki ??hybiscuspaleLow moisture[8]?
Murff Bush Porto Rico E. L. Murff (Normangee, Texas)[4]Porto Rico mutation[4]copper[7]orange[7]First cultivated in 1949. Similar to Porto Rico.[4]USA
Nancy Gold Kansas State College AES[4]Nancy Hall mutation[4]buff-coloreddeep-orangeSkin color differs from Nancy Hall[4]USA
Nancy Hall ??tanyellowDoes not appear?
Nemagold / Okla. 46 Oklahoma State University–Stillwater[4]Yellow Jersey (Orlis strain) × Okla. 29[4]??Does not appearUSA
Northern Star ????Cultivated in Australia?
Nugget / NC-171 North Carolina AES (Raleigh, North Carolina)[4]NC-124 × (NC-41 × B5965)[4]??Does not appearUSA
O'Henry Henry Wayne Bailey [(Vardaman, MS)][15]Beauregard mutation[15]coppery tanlemon creamVariant of Beauregard[8]USA
Okla. 46 Oklahoma State University–Stillwater[4]Okla. 29 × Orlis [Okla. 29-Parent 10 (see Allgold) × L37 (see Red Gold)][4]golden russetorangeRoots and vines are like yellow Jersey or Orlis; shouldered leavesUSA
Oklamar / Okla. 52 Oklahoma State University–Stillwater AES[4]Oklahoma 5 × Australian Canner[4]purplesalmonDoes not appearUSA
Oklamex Red Oklahoma and New Mexico AESB 1564 × PI 153655dark redsalmonExtremely sweet, moist root; yam-typeUSA
Onokeo ??violetivoryDoes not appear?
Onolena / HES number 14 Vegetable Crops Department, University of Hawaii (Honolulu)[4]Porto Rico × Nancy Hall[4]tandark orangeSimilar to Porto Rico[4]USA
Orange Sunset Plant & Food Research?purpleorange and purpleFirst cultivated in 2014[16]New Zealand
Orlis Kansas State College[4]mutation from Common Little Stem Jersey[4]bronze?Similar to Little Stem JerseyUSA
Owairaka Red Fay Gock and Joe Gock[17]waina type[18][16]dark redyellowAs of 2000, the preeminent cultivar of New Zealand (followed by Toka Toka Gold and Beauregard)[19]New Zealand
Papota USDA ARS; Tropical Agricultural Research Station[4]International Institute of Tropical Agr. seedling[4]whitebeigeTurnip-shaped root[4]USA
Parapara Māori traditional?pink?Medicinal variety, used to feed babies, the elderly, and the sick[20]New Zealand
Pelican Processor / L-5 / L-4-5 Louisiana AES (Baton Rouge, Louisiana)[4]selfed seedling of Americana[4]creamlight creamDoes not appearUSA
Picadita ??purple-red[6]white[6]Commonly called boniato[6] (a word for sweet potato in Cuban Spanish)?
Pope North Carolina State University[4]NC 288 × 304[4]light salmonmedium orangeDoes not appearUSA
Poporo Māori traditional?purplepurpletraditional sweet and dry variety[20]New Zealand
Porto Rico 198 / Porto Rican / Puerto Rican North Carolina[5]?rose-pink[5]orange mottled[5]First cultivated in 1966[5]USA
Purple Dawn Plant & Food Research?purplepurpleFirst cultivated in 2014[16]New Zealand
Purple Heart / Okinawa Okinawa Island?tangrapeAlso cultivated in HawaiiJapan
Queen Mary / L-126 Louisiana AES (Baton Rouge, Louisiana)[4]Porto Rico × Nancy Hall[4]??Similar to Porto Rico[4]USA
Ranger Louisiana State University[4]Porto Rico × Nancy Hall[4]flesh-coloredorangeSimilar to Nancy HallUSA
Rapoza ??ivorypurpleDoes not appear?
Rekarawa Māori traditional?white?chestnut flavour[20]New Zealand
Rekamaroa Māori traditionalpre-European "kūmara" type[13][14]white?Does not appearNew Zealand
Red Diane ????Does not appear?
Red Garnet ??deep red to purple[15]orange[15]Does not appear?
Red Jewel ??reddeep orangeDoes not appear?
Red Nancy Kansas State College[4]mutation of Nancy Gold[4]redorangeSimilar to Nancy Gold[4]USA
Redglow University of Georgia AES; California AES[4]open pollinated seedling of GA-109[4]light, purple-reddeep orangeDoes not appearUSA
Redgold / Okla. 26 Oklahoma State University–Stillwater[4]Okla. 2 × L37 (seedlings involving Creole, Nancy Hall and Porto Rico)[4]redorangeDoes not appearUSA
Redmar / Md 2416 Maryland AES (College Park, Maryland)[(K18400 × B6313) × Shoreland × (Virginian × K1846)]red?First cultivated in 1971. Similar to Nemagold[4]USA
Regal USDA ARS; South Carolina AES (Clemson University); Texas Agricultural Station (Texas A&M University)[4]seedling of W-99 polycrossed with 29 other parental selections[4]dark purplish-redorange to deep orangeDoes not appearUSA
Resisto USDA; South Carolina AES; Texas AES[4]seedling of W-56[4]reddish-copperdark orangeDoes not appearUSA
Rojo Blanco Tuskegee Institute[4]Rose Centennial × White Triumph[4]deep redmilk whiteDoes not appearUSA
Romanawa Māori traditional[20]?goldyellow/orangeDoes not appearNew Zealand
Rose Centennial ????Does not appear?
Ruddy US Vegetable Laboratory (USDA ARS); South Carolina AES[4]open pollinated seedling of W-119[4]red skinorangeDoes not appearUSA
Scarlet North Carolina Agricultural Research Service (NCARS)[4]selected from meristem-tip culture derived clones of Jewel[4]?orangeDoes not appearUSA
Shore Gold Virginia Tech Experiment Station[4]open pollinated seedling of L7-177 from the Louisiana breeding program[4]light copperbright orangeDoes not appearUSA
Southern Delite USDA ARS; Clemson University[4][15]an open pollinated seedling of W-99[4]rose to dark copperorangeMade publicly available in 1986.[15] Skin color varies with soil type[4]USA
Stokes Purple Unknown (North Carolina)[21]purple graydark purpleMade publicly available in 2012.USA
Sumor USDA ARS; United States Vegetable Laboratory; South Carolina AES (Clemson University); Edisto Research and Education Center[4]open pollinated seedling of W-154[4]light tanwhite to yellowComparatively high vitamin C[15]USA
Sunnyside USDA (Beltsville, Maryland and Louisiana)[4](Yellow Yam × Nancy Hall) × (Pelican Processor × Triumph)[4]??Does not appearUSA
Sweet Red North Carolina State University[4]open pollinated seedling of NC 258[4]deep copper-reddeep orangeDoes not appearUSA
Tango USDA; Missouri AES (Columbia, Missouri); Sweet Potato Cooperative Group (Beltsville, Maryland)[4]Nancy Hall × Porto Rico 1-10[4]??Does not appearUSA
Tanhoma Oklahoma State University–Stillwater AES[4]selection Australian Canner[4]??Does not appearUSA
Taputini Māori traditionalpre-European "kūmara" type[14]creamcreamLong, thin, up to 20 roots per plant[13]New Zealand
Toka Toka Gold ??goldwhiteBecame commercially available in 1972[22][16]New Zealand
Topaz Texas AES[4]open pollinated seedling of W-26[4]bronzemedium orangeDoes not appear?
Travis Louisiana AES[4]polycross with L3-217 as seed parent[4]rosedeep orangeFirst cultivated in 1980USA
UPLSP-1 ????Cultivated in the Philippines[23]?
UPLSP-2 ????Cultivated in the Philippines[23]?
U.P.R. number 3 Puerto Rico AES (Río Piedras, Puerto Rico)[4]selected from Mameya; open-pollinated[4]??Does not appearPuerto Rico
U.P.R. number 7 Puerto Rico AES (Río Piedras, Puerto Rico)[4]L-240[4]?deep orangeDoes not appearPuerto Rico
Vardaman ??golden[7]light orangeDoes not appearUSA
Virginian / V-53 Truck Experiment Station (near Norfolk, Virginia)[4]Maryland Golden × B-219[4]purplish-red to copper-redbright orangeDoes not appearUSA
VSP-5 ????Cultivated in the Philippines[23]?
VSP-6 ????Cultivated in the Philippines[23]?
Waimanalo Red ??redpearlDoes not appear?
Waina ????Vining variety brought to New Zealand in the 1800s[18]?
White Delite North Carolina State University[4]cross between a University of Georgia breeding clone (GA41) and an unknown pollen parent[4]purplish pink[5][9]white[5]First cultivated in 1979[5]USA
White Triumph ????Does not appear?
Whitestar USDA (Beltsville, Maryland)[4]cultivar Laupahoehoe (Hawaii)[4]whitepaleDoes not appearUSA
Yellow Yam ????Does not appear?

Cultivars bred for ornamental vines

Name Cultivator(s) Leaf color Leaf shape Notes
Black Heart / Ace of Spades / Purple Heart ?dark purplish with purple veinsheartDoes not appear
Blackie ?purple and green blend?Darker than Black Heart
Bronze Beauty ?copper?Same leaf shape as Blackie
Copper ?chartreuse to purple?Does not appear
Freckles ?green and yellow mottled?Does not appear
Gold Finger ?lime greenlobedDoes not appear
Ivory Jewel ?green and ivory streakedheartDoes not appear
Lady Fingers ?green with purple veinslobedDoes not appear
Marguerite / Chartreuse / Sulfur ?chartreuse?Does not appear
Mini Blackie ?dark green with purple veins?Leaf color is lighter than that of lacinato kale
NCORNSP011MNLC / Illusion® Midnight Lace ?dark green with purple veins?Does not appear
NCORNSP012EMLC / Illusion® Emerald Lace ?chartreuselobedDoes not appear
Purple Tuber ???Does not appear
Seki Blakhrt / Chillin™ / Blackberry Heart ???Does not appear
Sidekick Black ?deep purplelobedDoes not appear
Sidekick Lime ?greenlobedDoes not appear
Sweet Caroline Bewitched Purple / PP18574 Craig Yencho; Ken Pecota (2006)[24][25]dark green to vivid burgundy?Does not appear
Sweet Caroline Bronze / PP15437 Craig Yencho; Ken Pecota; Cindy Pierce (2002)[24][25]??Does not appear
Sweet Caroline Green ???Does not appear
Sweet Caroline Green Yellow ???Does not appear
Sweet Caroline Light Green ???Does not appear
Sweet Caroline Purple ???Does not appear
Sweet Caroline Red ???Does not appear
Sweet Caroline Sweetheart Light Green ???Does not appear
Sweet Caroline Sweetheart Red ???Does not appear
Sweet Georgia Heart Purple ???Does not appear
Terrace Lime ???Does not appear
Tricolor ?green, white, pink?Medium-size leaves
Vardaman ???Does not appear

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "Sweetpotato". International Potato Center. Retrieved 21 November 2013.
  2. ↑ Núñez, Carlos (7 May 2013). "Sweet potatoes a growing niche in Europe". FreshPlaza. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  3. 1 2 Schultheis, Jonathan (30 January 1998). "What is the Difference Between a Sweetpotato and a Yam?". NC Cooperative Extension. Archived from the original on 2019-09-24. Retrieved 2016-09-08.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 LaBonte, Don R. (ed.). "Sweetpotato, Lists 1-26 Combined". Vegetable Cultivar Descriptions for North America. Department of Horticulture, Louisiana State University. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 "Industry". North Carolina Sweet Potato Commission. 2013. Archived from the original on 16 January 2013. Retrieved 20 November 2013.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Stephens, James M. (2015) [1994]. "Boniato—Ipomoea batatas (L.) Poir". EDIS. University of Florida. Retrieved 2018-07-12.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 "Watch Your Garden Grow – Sweet Potato". University of Illinois Extension. University of Illinois. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 "Sweet Potato Varieties". About Sweet Potatoes. North Carolina Sweet Potato Commission. Archived from the original on 4 September 2011. Retrieved 20 November 2013.
  9. 1 2 3 "Identifying Boniato-Type Sweetpotato Cultivars Adapted to NC Growing Conditions". New Crops & Organics. North Carolina State University. Retrieved 2018-07-12.
  10. 1 2 3 4 Higgins, Adrian (14 November 2012). "Rare sweet potatoes make a comeback". The Washington Post. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  11. ↑ Kasper, Rob (26 November 2008). "Aging's a fine thing for sweet potatoes". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  12. ↑ Eaton, Lorraine (19 November 2010). "Haymans, an Eastern Shore sweet potato prized for generations". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  13. 1 2 3 4 Yen, D. E. (1963). "The New Zealand Kumara or Sweet Potato". Economic Botany. 17 (1): 31–45. doi:10.1007/BF02985351. S2CID 32823869.
  14. 1 2 3 Harvey, Catherine F.; Gill, Geoffrey P.; Crossman, Catherine; Fraser, Lena G. (1997). "Assessing relationships of kumara cultivars by RAPD analysis". New Zealand Journal of Botany. 35 (4): 479–485. doi:10.1080/0028825X.1987.10410171.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Sweet Potato Varieties". sweetpotatoes.com. Wayne Bailey Produce Company. 2012. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 21 November 2013.
  16. 1 2 3 4 Cui, Rongbin; Zhu, Fan (2019). "Physicochemical and functional properties of sweetpotato flour". Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 99 (10): 4624–4634. doi:10.1002/jsfa.9702. ISSN 0022-5142. PMID 30895624.
  17. ↑ Lee, Lily (18 April 2016). "The Joe Gock Story". Auckland Zhong Shan Clan Association. Retrieved 7 June 2023.
  18. 1 2 Lewthwaite, S. L.; Fletcher, P. J.; Fletcher, J. D.; Triggs, C. M. (2011). "Cultivar decline in sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas)". New Zealand Plant Protection. 64: 160–167. doi:10.30843/nzpp.2011.64.5976.
  19. ↑ Shaw, S.; van de Westelaken, T.; Sorrenson, I.; Searle, B.; Hederley, D. (2008). "Effects of plant population and planting date on growth and development of kumara cultivar Owairaka Red" (PDF). Agronomy New Zealand (38): 61–68. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  20. 1 2 3 4 Te Reka O Te Kai: Maara Kai Practical Guide (PDF). Te Waka Kai Ora. 2010. ISBN 978-0-473-17533-7. Retrieved 2021-06-23. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  21. ↑ "Farmers markets: Stokes Purple is a sweet potato of mystery - Los Angeles Times". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 2015-01-01. Retrieved 2015-01-01.
  22. ↑ Lewthwaite, SL (2005). Sweetpotato products in a modern world: the New Zealand experience. II International Symposium on Sweetpotato and Cassava: Innovative Technologies for Commercialization 703. pp. 31–38. doi:10.17660/actahortic.2006.703.2. ISBN 90-6605-387-9.
  23. 1 2 3 4 Cabanilla, Liborio S. (1996). Sweetpotato in the Philippines: Production, processing, and future prospects (PDF). Lima: International Potato Center. pp. 37–38. ISBN 92-9060-178-7. OCLC 36071607. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  24. 1 2 "Sweetpotato Breeding and Genetics Program". North Carolina State University. Retrieved 27 November 2013.
  25. 1 2 Reeber, Meri. "Ornamental Sweetpotatoes for the Home Landscape" (PDF). North Carolina State University. Retrieved 27 November 2013.

Further reading

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.